高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省日照市2025屆高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ACulturalFairIdeastoWowYourAudienceCurrently,culturalfairideasaremorepopularthanever,ascommunitiesseekengagingwaystocelebratediversityandpromotecross-culturalunderstanding.Tryoutthefollowingcreativeculturalfairideas,whichensureamemorableexperienceforattendeesofallages.ADeepDiveintoTraditionWanttogodeeperthanjustataste?Hostingafestivaldedicatedtoasinglecultureoffersanincredibleopportunityforculturalimmersion.Whetherit’stheexcitingtraditionsofIndia,theattractiverhythms(節(jié)奏)ofBrazil,ortheancientcustomsofJapan,focusingononecultureallowsyoutoshowcaseitsdiversebeautyingreaterdepth.Thisapproachisperfectfordevelopingagreaterunderstandingandappreciationforaspecificculture.StorytellingUndertheStarsSeekingculturalfairideasthatsparkimaginationandwonder?Transportyouraudiencetofar-offlandswiththecharmingartofstorytelling!Astorytellingeventcenteredaroundglobalfolktalesandmythsoffersadelightfulculturalexperience.Thisthemeisperfectforaneveningevent,whereyoucancreateamagicalandimmersiveatmosphere.AroundtheWorldinBitesWhodoesn’tloveadeliciousjourneyfortheirtastebuds?Amongthemostpopularculturalfairideas,aninternationalfoodfestivalletsyoutransportyourattendeestodifferentcornersoftheglobe—allwithoutleavingthevenue!It’safantasticwaytoshowcasethediversityofcookingtraditionsandofferamulti-sensoryculturalexperience.RhythmoftheGlobeGetreadytomove!Ifyou’relookingforhigh-energyculturalfairideasthatwillhaveeveryonetappingtheirfeet,aworldmusicanddanceperformanceistheperfectchoice.Musicanddanceareuniversallanguagesthatgobeyondbordersandconnectusthroughsharedemotionsandrhythms.1.Whatisanadvantageofholdingafestivalbasedonasingleculture?A.Itinspiresimaginationandwonder.B.Ithelpsbetterunderstandthatculture.C.Itincreasesthepopularityofthefestival.D.Itprovidesachancetocreatenewrhythms.2.Whichideawouldyouadoptforcuisinelovers?A.ADeepDiveintoTradition. B.StorytellingUndertheStars.C.AroundtheWorldinBites. D.RhythmoftheGlobe.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toofferculturalfairinspirations.B.Toshowcasevariousculturaltraditions.C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofculturaldiversities.D.Toencouragecompetitionbetweendifferentcultures.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。介紹了幾種富有創(chuàng)意的文化節(jié)活動(dòng)點(diǎn)子，旨在吸引各年齡段的參與者。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從ADeepDiveintoTradition這一部分中的“hetherit’stheexcitingtraditionsofIndia,theattractiverhythms(節(jié)奏)ofBrazil,ortheancientcustomsofJapan,focusingononecultureallowsyoutoshowcaseitsdiversebeautyingreaterdepth.Thisapproachisperfectfordevelopingagreaterunderstandingandappreciationforaspecificculture.(無論是印度令人興奮的傳統(tǒng)，巴西迷人的節(jié)奏，還是日本古老的習(xí)俗，專注于一種文化可以讓你更深入地展示它多樣的美。這種方法對(duì)于培養(yǎng)對(duì)特定文化的更好的理解和欣賞是完美的。)”可知，舉辦一種文化的文化節(jié)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是有助于讓參與者更好的理解這種文化。故選B。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由AroundtheWorldinBites這部分內(nèi)容“Whodoesn’tloveadeliciousjourneyfortheirtastebuds?Amongthemostpopularculturalfairideas,aninternationalfoodfestivalletsyoutransportyourattendeestodifferentcornersoftheglobe—allwithoutleavingthevenue!It’safantasticwaytoshowcasethediversityofcookingtraditionsandofferamulti-sensoryculturalexperience.(誰不喜歡一次美味的味蕾之旅呢？在最受歡迎的文化博覽會(huì)理念中，一個(gè)國(guó)際美食節(jié)可以讓你把你與會(huì)者帶到世界的不同角落——所有這些都不需要離開會(huì)場(chǎng)！這是展示烹飪傳統(tǒng)多樣性和提供多感官文化體驗(yàn)的絕佳方式。)”可知，給美食愛好者選取的文化節(jié)點(diǎn)子應(yīng)該是AroundtheWorldinBites，故選C。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。從整篇文節(jié)，尤其第一段的內(nèi)容“Tryoutthefollowingcreativeculturalfairideas,whichensureamemorableexperienceforattendeesofallages.(嘗試以下創(chuàng)意文化博覽會(huì)的想法，確保所有年齡段的與會(huì)者都有難忘的經(jīng)歷。)”可知，本文的寫作目的是提供了富有創(chuàng)念的文化節(jié)活動(dòng)點(diǎn)子。故選A。BWhenMadhviChittoorofArvada,Colo.,learnedattheageof6thatPFASarefoundinallsortsofconsumerproducts,shewantedtowarneveryone.Soshestartedwithoneperson:Coloradostatesenator(參議員)LisaCutter,astrongadvocatefortheenvironment.Cutteragreedtomeet,andin2021shesatdownwithMadhviatabakery—Panera.TheytalkedabouthowPFAS,agroupofmanufacturedchemicalsusedinconsumerproductssincethe1940s,havemadetheirwayintodrinkingwater,soil,foodproducts,andtheair.StudieshavefoundthatexposuretocertainlevelsofPFAScanleadtonegativedevelopmentaleffectsinchildren,increasedriskofsomecancersandreducedimmunefunction.CutteralreadyknewalittleaboutPFASbutnotenoughtopushhertowarddraftingabillaboutthem.Madhvi,shesays,“reallyplantedtheseed.”Thefollowingyear,CutterwentontosponsoraPFASbillthatbans“intentionallyadded”PFASinawiderangeofconsumergoods.Inordertohavethebillpassed,Madhvitestified(作證)atthestateCapitolandspentmonthsemailingwithGovernorJaredPolis.Afterthebillpassed,PolisrecognizedMadhvi’shardwork,invitinghertothebillsigningin2022.ItwasnotthefirsttimethatCutterandMadhviworkedtogether.In2021,afterCutterproposedameasuretobansingle-useplasticbagsinmajorretailstoresandplastic-foamcontainersinrestaurants,Madhviadvocatedforthatbilltoo—speakingwithcityleadersandbusinesses,andconductingasignaturecampaign.Atthebeginningof2024,thatmeasurefinallytookfulleffect.AndMadhvi,now13,isn’trestingonherlaurels.“There’sstillmorethatneedstobebanned,likePFASintoiletpaperandcleaningproducts,”shesays.Shehaskeptupheradvocacylocallyandabroad.Andonarecentvacationinherhometown,shefoundtimetoorganizeabeachcleanupandspeakatschoolsaboutpollution.4.WhydidMadhviwanttomeetCutter?A.ToexplorewaystoresolvethePFASproblem.B.TopreventherfrompurchasingPFASproducts.C.ToseeksupportforabillagainsttheuseofPFAS.D.ToinformherofPFAS’negativeeffectsonchildren.5.HowdidMadhvicontributetothepassingofthePFASbill?A.BydraftingittogetherwithCutter.B.Byconductingasignaturecampaign.C.Byspeakingwithinfluentialbusinesses.D.Bygainingsupportfromthegovernment.6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutMadhvifromthelastparagraph?A.Sheistiredfromherwork. B.Shefeelsproudofherself.C.Shewantstoachievemore. D.Shecareslittleaboutfame.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Madhvi’sEnvironmentalCampaignsB.Colorado’sBillsonPFASandPlasticsC.ATeen’sJourneytoGlobalRecognitionD.AYoungVoiceagainstEnvironmentalDamage【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了13歲女孩MadhviChittoor推動(dòng)PFAS禁令，與參議員合作促成環(huán)保法案通過，并持續(xù)倡導(dǎo)環(huán)保的故事。【4題詳析】推理判斷題。文章在第一段“WhenMadhviChittoorofArvada,Colo.,learnedattheageof6thatPFASarefoundinallsortsofconsumerproducts,shewantedtowarneveryone.(當(dāng)科羅拉多州阿瓦達(dá)的MadhviChittoor在6歲時(shí)得知各種消費(fèi)品中都含有PFAS時(shí)，她想警告所有人)”以及第二段“TheytalkedabouthowPFAS,agroupofmanufacturedchemicalsusedinconsumerproductssincethe1940s,havemadetheirwayintodrinkingwater,soil,foodproducts,andtheair.(他們談到了PFAS是如何進(jìn)入飲用水、土壤、食品和空氣的。PFAS是一組自20世紀(jì)40年代以來用于消費(fèi)品的化學(xué)制品)”和“CutteralreadyknewalittleaboutPFASbutnotenoughtopushhertowarddraftingabillaboutthem.(卡特已經(jīng)對(duì)PFAS有了一些了解，但還不足以促使她起草一項(xiàng)有關(guān)PFAS的法案)”可推知，Madhvi想與參議員Cuter會(huì)面的目的是要探索解決PFAS向題的解決辦法。故選A。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第三段“Inordertohavethebillpassed,Madhvitestified(作證)atthestateCapitolandspentmonthsemailingwithGovernorJaredPolis.(為了讓法案獲得通過，馬德維在州議會(huì)作證，并花了幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間與州長(zhǎng)賈里德·波利斯（JaredPolis）發(fā)電子郵件)”可知，Madhvi在推動(dòng)PFAS禁令通過中做出的貢獻(xiàn)是獲得了政府部門的支持。故選D。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。從最后一段“AndMadhvi,now13,isn’trestingonherlaurels.“There’sstillmorethatneedstobebanned,likePFASintoiletpaperandcleaningproducts,”shesays.(現(xiàn)年13歲的Madhvi并沒有滿足于她的榮譽(yù)。“還有更多的東西需要被禁止，比如衛(wèi)生紙和清潔產(chǎn)品中的PFAS，”她說)”可推知，Madhvi想為繼續(xù)推動(dòng)環(huán)保做出更多。故選C。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。通過第一段的“WhenMadhviChittoorofArvada,Colo.,learnedattheageof6thatPFASarefoundinallsortsofconsumerproducts,shewantedtowarneveryone.(當(dāng)科羅拉多州阿瓦達(dá)的MadhviChittoor在6歲時(shí)得知各種消費(fèi)品中都含有PFAS時(shí)，她想警告所有人)”和整篇文章的脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，Madhvi在6歲時(shí)就向參議員普及PFAS知識(shí)并通過努力促進(jìn)PFAS相關(guān)法案的通過，13歲的時(shí)候Madhvi不滿足現(xiàn)狀繼續(xù)她的環(huán)保倡導(dǎo)。由此可知，本文主要講了一個(gè)反對(duì)環(huán)境破壞的年輕人的故事。故選D。CEverytimewemakeanewvideoorsendanemail,orpostaphotoofourlatestmeal,it’sliketurningonasmalllightbulb(燈泡)that’llneverbeturnedoff.Thispointstoanuncomfortableandextremelymodernquestion:Tohelpsavetheplanet,shouldwebeusinglessdata?Givenhowmuchofmodernlifedependsondigitaldata,theanswercouldbeakeyaspecttolivingnoblyintheAIage.Whydopostsproducecarbonatall?WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainofenergy-burningelectronics.YourWi-Firoutersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange—theboxonthestreetcorner—andfromtheretoatelecomscompany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetechgiants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.Today,about400millionhomesworldwidehaveatleastone“smart”device—curtains,electriccookers,refrigerators,andpads.By2028,thatfigureisexpectedtonearlydouble.Weare,inotherwords,beingtakenintoaworldwhereit’shardertodoanythingwithoutturningonadigitallightbulb.Thisputseco-consciousconsumersinabind.Afterall,whowouldliketobesomeonethatcan’tgettheirinformationproperlybecausethey’retoobusykeepingthecarbonfootprintoftheirsearchesdown?Intheabsenceofsystemicchange,worryingoverourindividualdata-usagedecisionsis“l(fā)iketryingtoholdbackafloodwithabucketandspade(鐵鏟).”Still,there’ssomethingwecando.Whenwefaceadigitaldecision,thelessdata-thirstyoptionwilloftenbethesmarterone.Blockingthird-partytrackingwhenwe’reontheweb,forexample,notonlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofinternetbrowsing;it’salsogoodforyourprivacy.Morefundamentally,maybewedon’tneedtoturneverythingintodata.IfIputdownmyphonethenexttimeI’monatrain,itwon’tsavetheplanet.ButI’llbelookingoutthewindowwithmyowneyes,creatingamemorythatreleasesnocarbonatall.8.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdatausage?A.Itisenergy-consuming.B.Itiseasyandconvenient.C.Itsnegativeeffectsareignored.D.Itsbenefitsareunderestimated.9.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph2?A.Toentertain. B.Toinform.C.Topersuade. D.Toinspire.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“inabind”meaninparagraph3?A.Atrisk. B.Ataloss.C.Atease. D.Atadisadvantage.11.Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeconcerningcarbonreductioninthelastparagraph?A.Theremovalofdigitaldata.B.Thepromotionofecotourism.C.Thevalueofpersonalcontribution.D.Thesignificanceofsystemicchange.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.C【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要探討了數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)使用對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)了在AI時(shí)代減少碳排放的必要性。文章通過分析數(shù)據(jù)傳輸過程中的碳排放問題，指出隨著智能設(shè)備的普及，數(shù)據(jù)使用對(duì)環(huán)境的影響日益顯著。盡管系統(tǒng)性變革是關(guān)鍵，但個(gè)人在數(shù)據(jù)使用上的選擇也能對(duì)環(huán)保產(chǎn)生積極影響。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Everytimewemakeanewvideoorsendanemail,orpostaphotoofourlatestmeal,it’sliketurningonasmalllightbulb(燈泡)that’llneverbeturnedoff.Thispointstoanuncomfortableandextremelymodernquestion:Tohelpsavetheplanet,shouldwebeusinglessdata?Givenhowmuchofmodernlifedependsondigitaldata,theanswercouldbeakeyaspecttolivingnoblyintheAIage.(每次我們制作一個(gè)新視頻、發(fā)一封電子郵件、發(fā)布一張我們最近吃的飯的照片，就像打開了一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)關(guān)不掉的小燈泡。這就引出了一個(gè)讓人不舒服但又非常現(xiàn)代的問題：為了拯救地球，我們應(yīng)該減少數(shù)據(jù)的使用嗎？考慮到現(xiàn)代生活在很大程度上依賴于數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，這個(gè)問題的答案可能是在人工智能時(shí)代高尚生活的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵方面。)”和第二段的“WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainofenergy-burningelectronics.YourWi-Firoutersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange—theboxonthestreetcorner—andfromtheretoatelecomscompany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetechgiants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.(當(dāng)你在朋友圈發(fā)一條帖子時(shí)，它會(huì)通過一系列耗能的電子設(shè)備。你的Wi-Fi路由器通過電線將信號(hào)發(fā)送到本地交換機(jī)——街角的盒子——然后從那里發(fā)送到電信公司，再?gòu)哪抢锇l(fā)送到由科技巨頭運(yùn)營(yíng)的大型數(shù)據(jù)中心。每一個(gè)都是用電運(yùn)行的，這些都加起來了。)”可知，作者指出每一次發(fā)送信總、發(fā)布照片等行為都會(huì)產(chǎn)生碳排放，因?yàn)檫@些行為都依賴于一系列耗電的電了設(shè)備。故選A。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Whydopostsproducecarbonatall?WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainofenergy-burningelectronics.YourWi-Firoutersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange—theboxonthestreetcorner—andfromtheretoatelecomscompany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetechgiants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.(為什么帖子會(huì)產(chǎn)生碳呢？當(dāng)你在朋友圈發(fā)一條帖子時(shí)，它會(huì)通過一系列耗能的電子設(shè)備。你的Wi-Fi路由器通過電線將信號(hào)發(fā)送到本地交換機(jī)——街角的盒子——然后從那里發(fā)送到電信公司，再?gòu)哪抢锇l(fā)送到由科技巨頭運(yùn)營(yíng)的大型數(shù)據(jù)中心。每一個(gè)都是用電運(yùn)行的，這些都加起來了。)”詳細(xì)解釋了數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布過程小能源消耗的具體環(huán)節(jié)，包括數(shù)據(jù)從用戶設(shè)備傳輸?shù)綌?shù)據(jù)中心的路徑及共對(duì)電力的依賴。因此推斷這一段的主要目的是向讀者傳遞信息，解釋數(shù)據(jù)使用為何會(huì)產(chǎn)生碳排放。故選B。【10題詳析】詞義獵測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文“Afterall,whowouldliketobesomeonethatcan’tgettheirinformationproperlybecausethey’retoobusykeepingthecarbonfootprintoftheirsearchesdown?(畢竟，誰愿意成為一個(gè)因?yàn)槊τ诮档退阉鞯奶甲阚E而無法正確獲取信息的人呢？)”和作者提到“Thisputseco-consciousconsumersinabind.（這讓有環(huán)保意識(shí)的消費(fèi)者陷入了困境。)”環(huán)保意識(shí)的消費(fèi)者會(huì)inabind可推斷，他們既希望減少碳足跡，又不想錯(cuò)過獲取信息的機(jī)會(huì)。因此，“inabind”可以理解為“陷入困境”。故選B。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。最后一段“Still,there’ssomethingwecando.Whenwefaceadigitaldecision,thelessdata-thirstyoptionwilloftenbethesmarterone.Blockingthird-partytrackingwhenwe’reontheweb,forexample,notonlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofinternetbrowsing;it’salsogoodforyourprivacy.Morefundamentally,maybewedon’tneedtoturneverythingintodata.IfIputdownmyphonethenexttimeI’monatrain,itwon’tsavetheplanet.ButI’llbelookingoutthewindowwithmyowneyes,creatingamemorythatreleasesnocarbonatall.(不過，我們還是有辦法的。當(dāng)我們面臨數(shù)字化決策時(shí)，對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)需求較少的選擇往往是更明智的選擇。例如，當(dāng)我們上網(wǎng)時(shí)阻止第三方跟蹤，不僅減少了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽的功耗；這對(duì)你的隱私也有好處。更根本的是，也許我們不需要把所有東西都變成數(shù)據(jù)。如果我下次在火車上放下手機(jī)，那也不能拯救地球。但我會(huì)用自己的眼睛看著窗外，創(chuàng)造一段完全不釋放碳的記憶。)”提到，盡管個(gè)人行為對(duì)整體環(huán)境影響有限，們我們?nèi)钥梢栽诳诔Ｉ钚∽龀龈h(huán)保的選擇，例如減少數(shù)據(jù)使用或關(guān)閉第一方追蹤。因此推斷作者強(qiáng)調(diào)即使個(gè)人頁獻(xiàn)微小，也有價(jià)值。故選C。DWhyarewesosurethatthewayweseepeople,situationsandpoliticsisaccurate,andthewayotherpeopleseethemisfoolishlywrong?Theanswer,accordingtonewresearchbyUCLApsychologyprofessorMatthewLieberman,liesinaregionofthebrainhecallsthe“gestaltcortex,”whichhelpspeoplemakesenseofinformationthatisunclearorincomplete—anddismissalternativeinterpretations.Peopleoftenmistaketheirownunderstandingofpeopleandeventsasobjectivetruth,ratherthanasmerelytheirowninterpretation.Thatphenomenon,called“naiverealism,”leadspeopletobelievethattheyshouldhavethefinalwordontheworldaroundthem.“Theevidencefromneuraldataisclearthatthegestaltcortexiscentraltohowweconstructourversionofreality,”Liebermansaid.Mentalactsthatareorganized,effortlessandbasedonourexperiencestendtooccurinthegestaltcortex.Forexample,apersonmightseesomeoneelsesmilingandwithoutgivingitanyapparentthought,perceivethattheotherpersonishappy.Becausethoseinferencesareimmediateandeffortless,theytypicallyfeelmorelike“seeingreality”—eventhoughhappinessisaninternalpsychologicalstate—thantheydolike“thinking,”Liebermansaid.“Webelievewehavemerelywitnessedthingsastheyare,whichmakesitmoredifficulttoappreciate,orevenconsider,otherperspectives,”hesaid.“Themindemphasizesitsbestanswerandrejectstherestofsolutions.Themindmayinitiallyprocesstheworldlikeademocracy(民主國(guó)家)whereeveryalternativeinterpretationgetsavote,butitquicklyendsuplikeanauthoritarianregime(獨(dú)裁政體)whereoneinterpretationruleswithanironfistanddisagreementisremoved.Inselectingoneinterpretation,thegestaltcortexliterallyabandonsothers.”Thegestaltcortexislocatedbehindtheear,anditissituatedbetweenthepartsofthebrainresponsibleforprocessingvision,soundandtouch;thosepartsareconnectedbyastructurecalledthetemporoparietaljunction,whichispartofthegestaltcortex.Inthenewstudy,Liebermanproposesthatthetemporoparietaljunctioniscentraltoconsciousexperienceandthatithelpsorganizeandintegratepsychologicalfeaturesofsituationsthatpeopleseesotheycanmakesenseofthemeffortlessly.12.WhatdoesLieberman’sstudyfocuson?A.Whypeopletendtothinktheyareright.B.Whypeopleoftenmisunderstandothers.C.Howpeopleperceivetheworlddifferently.D.Howpeopletreatalternativeinterpretations.13.Whatdoes“naiverealism”refertoinparagraph2?A.Trustingothers’opinionsblindly.B.Drawinginferencesreasonably.C.Avoidingsimilarinterpretations.D.Confusingpersonalviewswithfacts.14.Howdoesthegestaltcortexhandleconflictinginterpretations?A.Itdismissesthefalseones.B.Itprioritizesoneovertheothers.C.Itanalysestheirdifferences.D.Itdevelopsthemintoanewidea.15.WhatisthekeyroleofthetemporoparietaljunctionaccordingtoLieberman?A.Locatingthepositionofthegestaltcortex.B.Controllingvoluntaryphysicalmovement.C.Integratingsensesforeasycomprehension.D.Storinglong-termmemoriesofsocialevents.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【語篇解讀】這篇文章是說明文，文章主要介紹了加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校心理學(xué)教授馬修?利伯曼的研究，指出人們常確信自己對(duì)人、事和政治的看法準(zhǔn)確，他人看法錯(cuò)誤，這源于大腦“格式塔皮層”。該皮層處理信息時(shí)起初類似民主方式，后強(qiáng)調(diào)一種解釋并排除其他，讓人將個(gè)人理解當(dāng)客觀事實(shí)，產(chǎn)生“樸素現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”，同時(shí)還說明了大腦“格式塔皮層”的顳頂聯(lián)合區(qū)在意識(shí)體驗(yàn)和理解情境中的作用。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whyarewesosurethatthewayweseepeople,situationsandpoliticsisaccurate,andthewayotherpeopleseethemisfoolishlywrong?Theanswer,accordingtonewresearchbyUCLApsychologyprofessorMatthewLieberman,liesinaregionofthebrainhecallsthe‘gestaltcortex’(為什么我們?nèi)绱舜_信自己看待他人、各種情形以及政治問題的方式是準(zhǔn)確無誤的，而其他人看待這些的方式卻愚蠢地錯(cuò)了呢？根據(jù)加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校（UCLA）心理學(xué)教授馬修?利伯曼的一項(xiàng)新研究，答案在于大腦中一個(gè)他稱之為“格式塔皮層”的區(qū)域)”以及第二段中“Peopleoftenmistaketheirownunderstandingofpeopleandeventsasobjectivetruth(人們常常將自己對(duì)人和事件的理解誤認(rèn)為是客觀事實(shí))”可知，Lieberman的研究聚焦于人們?yōu)槭裁磧A向于認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的。故選A項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Peopleoftenmistaketheirownunderstandingofpeopleandeventsasobjectivetruth,ratherthanasmerelytheirowninterpretation.Thatphenomenon,called‘naiverealism,’leadspeopletobelievethattheyshouldhavethefinalwordontheworldaroundthem.(人們常常會(huì)把自己對(duì)他人和事件的理解錯(cuò)當(dāng)成客觀事實(shí)，而不只是把它當(dāng)作自己的解讀。這種現(xiàn)象就被稱為‘樸素現(xiàn)實(shí)主義’，使人們相信他們對(duì)周圍世界的看法應(yīng)該是最終的結(jié)論)”可知，“naiverealism”指的是人們混淆個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)與事實(shí)，把自己對(duì)人和事件的理解錯(cuò)當(dāng)成客觀事實(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Themindemphasizesitsbestanswerandrejectstherestofsolutions.Themindmayinitiallyprocesstheworldlikeademocracy(民主國(guó)家)whereeveryalternativeinterpretationgetsavote,butitquicklyendsuplikeanauthoritarianregime(獨(dú)裁政體)whereoneinterpretationruleswithanironfistanddisagreementisremoved.Inselectingoneinterpretation,thegestaltcortexliterallyabandonsothers.(大腦會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)它認(rèn)為的最佳答案，并且拒絕其他的解決方案。大腦最初處理這個(gè)世界的方式可能就像一個(gè)民主國(guó)家，在那里每一種不同的解釋都有投票權(quán)，但很快它就會(huì)變得像一個(gè)獨(dú)裁政體，在其中一種解釋以強(qiáng)硬手段占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，而不同意見則被排除掉。在選擇一種解釋時(shí)，格式塔皮層實(shí)際上就拋棄了其他的解釋)”可知，面對(duì)多種沖突解釋，格式塔皮層先給予各種解釋表達(dá)機(jī)會(huì)，隨后優(yōu)先選擇一種并舍棄其他。故選B項(xiàng)。【15題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Liebermanproposesthatthetemporoparietaljunctioniscentraltoconsciousexperienceandthatithelpsorganizeandintegratepsychologicalfeaturesofsituationsthatpeopleseesotheycanmakesenseofthemeffortlessly.(利伯曼提出，顳頂聯(lián)合區(qū)在有意識(shí)的體驗(yàn)中處于核心地位，并且它有助于組織和整合人們所看到的各種情境的心理特征，這樣人們就能毫不費(fèi)力地理解這些情境)”可知，顳頂聯(lián)合區(qū)在有意識(shí)體驗(yàn)中處于核心地位，關(guān)鍵作用是整合感官信息，幫助人們輕松理解情境。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Patienceisavirtuebecauseitcultivatesinnerstrengthandsoundjudgment.Inaworldthatoftenfeelsrushedanddemanding,theabilitytowaitcalmlyandtoleratedelaysreallyempowersustomakeclear-headeddecisions.____16____Thusitcanpreventusfrommakingchoicesinahurrythatcouldhavenegativeconsequences.Withpatience,we’reabletohandlechallengeswithalevelhead.Ithelpsustofocusonlong-termgoalsratherthanshort-termsetbacks.Thingscan’talwaysgoaccordingtoplan.____17____Itgivesusthestrengthanddeterminationtoremainoptimistic.Cultivatingpatienceallowsustoappreciatetheprocessofgrowthandhelpsushandledifficultieswithgrace.____18____Butwecanremaincalm,peaceful,andhappyregardless.Patienceplaysitsmostimportantroleinourinteractionswithpeople.Withpatience,wedon’texplodeatpeopleeasily.Weworkongatheringmoreinformationandlookingforasolutioninstead.Anotherimportantkeytopatienceisgratitude.Insteadoffocusingonwhatwewantrightnow,wefocusonbeinggratefulforwhatwealreadyhave.Whenwearegratefulforwhatwehave,weimproveourabilitytobepatient.____19____Ifyouresistthis,yousuffer.Thatsufferingcreatesmoreimpatience.Butifyouacceptthatoneoftheguaranteesoflifeischange,youwillrelax.Patienceisbeingpresent,examiningyouroptions,andworkingtomoveforward.Ifthingsworkout,thengreat.Butiftheydon’t,thenwetrysomethingelse.It’sjustthatsimple.Thereissomuchgoodindevelopingthevirtueofpatience.Ittakeswork,ittakeseffort,buttherearesomanybenefitsofdevelopingpatience.____20____A.It’snecessarytomakeearlyplans.B.However,wemustrealizethatlifechanges.C.Thispromotesagreatsenseofachievement.D.Patiencemaynotalwaysgiveuswhatwewant.E.Beingpatienthelpsusavoidactingoutofanger.F.Patienceimprovesourabilitytodealwithfrustration.G.Withpatience,youwillfindlifeflowsmorebeautifully.【答案】16.E17.F18.D19.B20.G【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)耐心是一種美德，能培養(yǎng)內(nèi)在力量和明智判斷，幫助我們冷靜面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，專注于長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)。耐心讓我們?cè)诖煺壑斜３謽酚^，改善人際關(guān)系，減少?zèng)_動(dòng)和憤怒。感恩和接受變化是耐心的關(guān)鍵。耐心雖需努力培養(yǎng)，但能讓生活更美好。【16題詳析】上文“Inaworldthatoftenfeelsrushedanddemanding,theabilitytowaitcalmlyandtoleratedelaysreallyempowersustomakeclear-headeddecisions.(在一個(gè)常常讓人感到匆忙和要求苛刻的世界里，能夠冷靜等待并容忍延遲的能力，真的賦予了我們做出明智決策的力量。)”提到耐心能讓我們冷靜等待，避免沖動(dòng)決策，E項(xiàng)“保持耐心可以幫助我們避免因憤怒而采取行動(dòng)。”符合語境，進(jìn)一步說明耐心如何幫助我們避免因憤怒而做出錯(cuò)誤行為，與上下文邏輯緊密相連。故選E。【17題詳析】前文“Withpatience,we’reabletohandlechallengeswithalevelhead.Ithelpsustofocusonlong-termgoalsratherthanshort-termsetbacks.Thingscan’talwaysgoaccordingtoplan.(有了耐心，我們能夠以冷靜的頭腦應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。它幫助我們專注于長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)，而不是短期的挫折。事情并不總能按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。)”說明了耐心的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，有耐心讓我們冷靜面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，專注長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“耐心可能并不總能給我們想要的東西。”引出耐心的另一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)意義——耐心并不總能讓我們得到想要的結(jié)果，但即便如此，它依然能幫助我們保持積極的心態(tài)，與下文“Itgivesusthestrengthanddeterminationtoremainoptimistic.(但它賦予了我們保持樂觀的力量和決心。)”形成對(duì)比和呼應(yīng)。故選F。【18題詳析】由下文的轉(zhuǎn)折“Butwecanremaincalm,peaceful,andhappyregardless.Patienceplaysitsmostimportantroleinourinteractionswithpeople.Withpatience,wedon’texplodeatpeopleeasily.Weworkongatheringmoreinformationandlookingforasolutioninstead.(但我們?nèi)匀豢梢员３掷潇o、平和和快樂。耐心在我們與他人的互動(dòng)中發(fā)揮著最重要的作用。有了耐心，我們不會(huì)輕易對(duì)別人發(fā)火。我們會(huì)努力收集更多信息，尋找解決方案。)”可推斷，空處總結(jié)上文提到的耐心在面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)的作用，即幫助我們更好地應(yīng)對(duì)挫折和困難，因此推斷D項(xiàng)“耐心可能并不總能給我們想要的東西。”與下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D。【19題詳析】前文“Anotherimportantkeytopatienceisgratitude.Insteadoffocusingonwhatwewantrightnow,wefocusonbeinggratefulforwhatwealreadyhave.Whenwearegratefulforwhatwehave,weimproveourabilitytobepatient.(耐心的另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵是感恩。而不是專注于我們現(xiàn)在想要什么，我們專注于感激我們已經(jīng)擁有的。當(dāng)我們感激我們所擁有的，我們提高了耐心的能力。)”此句引出耐心與接受生活變化之間的關(guān)系，因此推斷B項(xiàng)“然而，我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到生活是變化的。”與下文“Butifyouacceptthatoneoftheguaranteesoflifeischange,youwillrelax.(但如果你接受生活的保證之一就是變化，你就會(huì)放松下來。)”接受變化能減少不耐煩形成因果關(guān)系，說明耐心與接受現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的聯(lián)系。故選B。【20題詳析】此句為最后一句，總結(jié)全文，呼應(yīng)開頭“Patienceisavirtuebecauseitcultivatesinnerstrengthandsoundjudgment.(耐心是一種美德，因?yàn)樗芘囵B(yǎng)內(nèi)心的力量和健全的判斷力。)”耐心是一種美德，強(qiáng)調(diào)耐心帶來的積極影響，即讓生活變得更加美好。因此推斷G項(xiàng)“有了耐心，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)生活會(huì)變得更加美好。”符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。SophieJones,22,livesinWarrington,England.Shehasovercomeherfearof____21____bycreatingalistofchallengesshehasalways____22____.Sofar,shehascompleted45things,including____23____strangerstogamesofrock,paper,scissorsandaskingtomakepizzainapizzakitchen.Shesaid,“Doingthingsthatfrightenedme____24____mylife,andmyconfidencehasincreased____25____.”Sophieexperiencedalotofrejectionthroughoutherteenageyears.Shebecame____26____ofexperiencingrejectionandstarted____27____friendshipsandopportunities.Shedidn’twanttoputherselfforwardforthingslikenewjobsorfriendshipsduetolow____28____.Later,shediscoveredatreatmentcalled“rejectiontherapy”.After____29____awomanonlineaskingforafreecoffeeinashop,she______30______herown“fearlist”.Sincediscoveringthe______31______,Sophiehasmadeherownicecreaminanicecreamvan(貨車)andevenclimbedstairsonallfours.NowSophiereceivesfewerrejections.Shehasbecomemore______32______.Withouttheanxietyofrejection,shealso______33______otherpeopletotryhermethod.Shesaid,“Iwanteveryoneto______34______theycandoanythingtheywant.Thegreatestopportunitiesarejustaroundthecorner.Starting______35______,likeaskingforthebillatarestaurant,canbeagoodwaytobegin.”21.A.failure B.rejection C.loss D.punishment22.A.faced B.welcomed C.fought D.avoided23.A.challenging B.accompanying C.attracting D.leaving24.A.darkened B.threatened C.changed D.shortened25.A.thoroughly B.dramatically C.occasionally D.temporarily26.A.scared B.aware C.tired D.ashamed27.A.waitingfor B.reflectingon C.makinguseof D.shyingawayfrom28.A.self-discipline B.self-criticism C.self-respectD.self-doubt29.A.seeing B.hearing C.stopping D.getting30.A.found B.started C.replaced D.analyzed31.A.opportunity B.secret C.instruction D.method32.A.sensitive B.patient C.confident D.energetic33.A.advises B.requires C.forces D.allows34.A.ensure B.realize C.promise D.highlight35.A.big B.slow C.quick D.small【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.A27.D28.C29.A30.B31.D32.C33.A34.B35.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了蘇菲在她十幾歲的時(shí)候經(jīng)歷了許多拒絕。她開始害怕體驗(yàn)拒絕，并開始回避友誼和機(jī)會(huì)。由于缺乏自信，她不想像新工作或新友誼那樣把自己放在前面。后來，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種叫做“拒絕治療”的治療方法。她已經(jīng)開始嘗試這種方法，并建議其他人也嘗試這種方法。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她通過列出自己一直避免的挑戰(zhàn)清單，克服了對(duì)被拒絕的恐懼。A.failure失敗；B.rejection拒絕；C.loss損失；D.punishment懲罰。根據(jù)后文“Sophieexperiencedalotofrejectionthroughoutherteenageyears.”可知，蘇菲在青少年時(shí)期經(jīng)歷了很多拒絕，她克服的是對(duì)“被拒絕（rejection）”的恐懼。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她通過列出自己一直避免的挑戰(zhàn)清單，克服了對(duì)被拒絕的恐懼。A.faced面對(duì)；B.welcomed歡迎；C.fought斗爭(zhēng)；D.avoided避免。根據(jù)上文“Shehasovercomeherfear”提到克服了對(duì)被拒絕的恐懼可知，她列出自己一直避免的挑戰(zhàn)清單。故選D項(xiàng)。【23題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：到目前為止，她已經(jīng)完成了45件事，包括挑戰(zhàn)陌生人玩石頭、剪刀、布的游戲，以及要求在披薩廚房做披薩。A.challenging挑戰(zhàn)；B.accompanying陪伴；C.attracting吸引；D.leaving離開。根據(jù)空后的“strangerstogamesofrock,paper,scissors”提到玩石頭、剪刀、布的游戲，可知，蘇菲向陌生人挑戰(zhàn)玩剪刀石頭布游戲。故選A項(xiàng)。【24題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“做那些讓我害怕的事情改變了我的生活，我的信心也大大增強(qiáng)了。”A.darkened使變暗；B.threatened威脅；C.changed改變；D.shortened縮短。根據(jù)上文提到她克服恐懼去做一些事情，以及下文“andmyconfidencehasincreased”可知，做這些讓她害怕的事情改變了她的生活。故選C項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“做那些讓我害怕的事情改變了我的生活，我的信心也大大增強(qiáng)了。”A.thoroughly徹底地；B.dramatically顯著地，大幅度地；C.occasionally偶爾；D.temporarily暫時(shí)地。根據(jù)上文“Doingthingsthatfrightenedme_______mylife”提到做讓她害怕的事情改變了她的生活，以