知識要點1starve近.&以(使)挨餓；餓死

［教材原句P16］Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaid

thatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedand

died.

［例1］Thenewjobdoesn'tpayasmuchbutwewon'tstarve!

［例2］Thestarvationisstillaveryseriousproblemtoday.It'ssaidthat

oneinsevenpeopleintheworldisstarving.Fortunately,theUNhastakena

lotofmeasurestoprotectthemfrombeingstarvedtodeath.

［知識拓展］

(1)starvetodeath峨死

starvefor渴望；急需be

thirsty/hungry/despcratc/eagcrfor

(2)starvedadj.感到很餓的

bestarvedtodeath被餓死

bestarvedofVfor極需；缺乏

(3)starvationn.挨餓；餓死

［即學即練］［小片段助記］

Mr.Whiteearnsonlyalittlewage,sohe(渴望)ajobwithbetter

pay.Yousee,noonelikesto(餓死).

知識耍點2sustainvt.維持二maintain,遭受，承受住二support

［例1］Theyfounditdifficulttosustainaninterestintheirtalk.

［例2］Thecompanysustainedlossesofmillionsofdollars.

［例3］Theicewillnotsustainyourweight.

［即學即練］

isabrandnewideaofsocietydevelopment,可持續發展是一種全

新的社會發展觀。

知識要點3fuel比燃料，刺激性言行

［例l］Wcaddcarbondioxidetotheairwhenweburnthings,especially

fossilfuels.

［例2］Thecompanyaddedfueltothefirebysendingmethedressinthe

wrongsize.

［例3］Thatmatchfueledmyinterestinsports.

【熟詞生義】“

HowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaJginationforcenturies?

知識要點4restrictvt,限制；限定；束縛

［教材原句P27］Wcasindividualscanalsoreduceour"carbonfbotprinf'

byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.

［例1］Havingsmallchildrentendstorestrictyourfreedom.

［W2］Herestrictshimselftoonecupofcoffeeaday.

［知識拓展］

(l)restrict...to...把……限制在……

berestrictedto限于

restrictsb./oneselftodoingsth.約束……干……

(2)rcstrictionn.限制規定；限制法規；控制

strict/tough/tighirestriction嚴格限制

［即學即練］單句語法填空

Theparkisopentothepublicwithout(restrict).

知識要點5seizevt.抓住；奪取；控制

［教材原句P27］Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunityto

educateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming...

［例11Shetriedtoseizethegunfromhim.

口列2］Thearmyhasseizedcontrolofthecountry.

［熟詞生義］

Althoughhehadreadthepassageoverandoveragain,hedidn'tseizeits

generalidea.

［知識拓展］

seizethechance/opportunity抓住機會

seize...by/withterror/desire被恐懼/欲望占據

seizesb.bythearm抓住某人胳膊

seizeon/upon采用；抓住；利用

［即學即練］單句語法填空

@Weseizehisremarkandregarditasapromise.

②Thelittleboyseizedmebyarmtobegforsomemoney.

知識要點6submitvt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服；順從；認為

［教材原句P28〕Accordingtothereportsubmittedbyresearchers,between

20and25percentofallannualcarbondioxideemissionsarecausedbythe

destructionoftropicalforests.

［例1］Completedprojectsmustbesubmittedby10March.

［例2］Sheisastrong-willedpersonwhoneversubmitstofailure.

［知識拓展］

(l)submitsth.tosb.提交；呈遞某物給某人

submit(oneself)tosb./sth.（尤指無可選擇時）同意,

服從"givein

submitthat提議；認為

(2)submissiveadj.服從的；順從的；恭順的

submissionn.屈服；呈送；提交

［即學即練］［小片段助記］

Thegeneralhadtotheagreementtotheenemies.Thatistosay,

hethem.

知識要點7onbehalfof代表(代替)某人

［教材原句P29］I'mdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobal

warming.

［例1］Don'tgotoanytroubleonmybehalf.

［W2］OnbehalfofthedepailmentIwouldliketothankyouall.

［知識拓展］

onbehalfof=onsb.,sbehalf

inbehalfof=insb.'sbehalf(美國英語)

都可表示“做某人的代表或代言人；為某人之利益”。

知識要點8sensitiveadj.敏感的：善解人意的：靈敏的

［教材原句P29］Whyisnuclearpowerasensitivetopic?

［例1］Sheisverysensitivetootherpeople'sfeelings.

H列2］Wetlandsareenvironmentallysensitivearea.

［知識拓展］

(l)besensitiveabout/to...對....敏感的

(2)scnsibleadj.明智的

［即學即練］單句語法填空

@Peoplemustbesensitivethispossibilitywhentheymake

volunteeractivitiesamust.

②Ithinkthesuggestionis(sense).

知識要點9inspectionn.檢查；查看；視察

［教材原句P33］Atthesametime,theystartedtocarryoutinspections

regularlyandfinetouristorganisationsforabuses.

［例1］Theheadmasterwentonatourofinspectionofallthe

classrooms.

口列2］Engineerscarriedoutathoroughinspectionofthetrack.

「知識拓展］

(1)daily/routineinspection日常檢查

(2)inspectvt.檢查；視察

［即學即練］單句語法填空

Thevisitingpresidentthetroops.來訪的總統檢閱了部隊。

知識要點10toleratevt.忍受；包容；容許

［教材原句P34］Thevillagerscouldnolongertoleratethesituation.

［例1］Thissortofbehaviourwillnotbetolerated.

［例2JIdon'tknowhowyoutoleratethatnoise!

［知識拓展］

(1)tolerate(doing)sth.容忍（做）某事

(2)tolerancen.容忍；寬容

havenotoleranceof/forsth.不能容忍某事/物

(3)tolerantadj.--intolerant(S)寬容的；容忍的

betolerantofVtowardssb./sth.忍受、寬容某人/某事

［即學即練］單句語法填空

①Icouldnottoleratetheir(make)upanyexcusesforwhattheydid.

②Someplantsare(tolerate)ofextremeheat.

SentencePatterns

重點句式1Thereislittledoubtthat...

［教材原句P261ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerand

warmer.

［例1］Thereisnodoubtthatitwasastrangeandinterestingsituation.

［例2］Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomething

abouthowcomputerswork.

［造句］Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcometohelpus.

［知識拓展］

我確信

(1)1havenodoubtthat...

愛疑

即

Ihavesomedoubtwhether...

找疑

懷

你疑

(2)1doubtwhether/if-clause懷

嗎?

Doyoudoubtthat-clause?

［即學即練］單句語法填空

Idoubtwewillmakeaprofitoutofit.

重點句式2notonly...butalso...

［教材原句P27IThereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethatthe

riseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnatural

disastersworldwide,notonlycausingseriousdamage,butalsocosting

humanlives.

［例1］Airnotonlyoccupiesspace,butitalsohasweight.

［例2］Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.

［造句］老工人對青年工人不僅言傳而且身教。

Theoldworkersinstructtheyoungworkersnotonlyinwordsbutin

deeds.

［知識拓展］

(l)notonly與butalso后面所連接的詞的詞性必須對等。

(2)nolonly只能連用，而bulalso既可連月，也可分開用。notonly與

butalso后面所連接的詞作主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近一致原則”，謂語動

詞的數應與butalso后的名詞的數保持一致。

(3)nolonly放在句首，后接句子要用部分倒裝。

［即學即練］單句語法填空

?Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher(be)invited.

②Notonlyyoufunny,butalsoyouarewitty(機智的).

重點句式3.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased,withmorehouseholdand

commercialwasteendingupintheriver.隨著越來越多的家庭和商業廢物

流入江中，水污染程度不斷上升。

【句式解構】“with+名詞+u-ing分詞”是with的復合結構，它在句中作

狀語。其中名詞后的艮-ing分詞還可以是忱-ed分詞、形容詞、副詞、介

詞短語、名詞、不定式等。

*Withtheteacherstandingbeside,shefeltabituneasy.

*Withanativebeingourguide,weneedn'tbeafraidofgettinglost.

*Withhertogowithus,we'resuretohaveapleasantjourney.

*Withhishaircut,helooksmuchyounger.