RulesforthecalculationoftheCarbonFootprintofElectricVehicleBatteries(CFB-EV)

AndreasiBassi,S.,Peters,J.F.,Candelaresi,D.,Valente,A.,Ferrara,N.,Mathieux,F.,Ardente,F.

Finaldraft

2023

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Howtocitethisreport:AndreasiBassi,S.,Peters,J.F.,Candelaresi,D.,Valente,A.,Ferrara,N.,Mathieux,F.,Ardente,F.,RulesforthecalculationoftheCarbonFootprintofElectricVehicleBatteries(CFB-EV),PublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion,Luxembourg,2023.

PAGE\*roman

Abstract 1

Acknowledgements 2

Executivesummary 3

Introduction 5

Terminology 6

Scope 7

FunctionalUnitandReferenceFlow 8

Functionalunitforenergy-providingbatteries 8

Light-dutyEVbatteries 8

CategoryL(Motorcycle)EVbatteries 10

Medium-dutyandheavy-dutyEVbatteries 10

OtherEVbatteries 10

Referenceflow 11

Calculationofdischargedbatteryenergyperkmforlight-dutyvehicles 11

SystemBoundariesandcut-offrules 13

Cut-offrules 15

Rawmaterialacquisitionandpre-processing 17

Manufacturing 17

Distribution 17

End-of-life 17

ImpactAssessment 19

Inventorydata-Datacollectionrequirementsandqualityrequirements 20

Mandatorycompany-specificprocesses 20

Non-mandatorycompany-specificprocesses 20

Modellingrequirementsofthemostrelevantprocesses 21

Modellingrequirementsforthenon-mostrelevantprocesses 21

CFB-compliantcompany-specificdatasets 22

Requirementsforthecollectionofcompany-specificdata 22

Dataqualityrating(DQR)oftheCFBdeclarationandofCFB-compliantdatasets 24

Inventorydata-Modellingrequirements 26

Electricitymodelling 26

Generalguidelines 26

On-sitegeneratedelectricity 26

Supplier-specificelectricityproduct 26

Criterion1–Conveyattributes 27

Criterion2–Beauniqueclaim 27

Criterion3–Beissuedfromatrackingsystemthatfulfilsspecificcriteria 28

Criterion4–Beascloseaspossibletotheperiodtowhichthecontractualinstrumentis

applied 28

Criterion5-Besourcedfromthesamemarketinwhichthereportingentity’selectricity-

consumingoperationsarelocatedandtowhichtheinstrumentisapplied 28

Howtomodeltheresidualconsumptionmix’ 29

Howtomodeltheaverageconsumptionmix 29

Asinglelocationwithmorethanoneelectricitymix 29

Allocationrules 29

Allocationofenergyandauxiliaryinputsofproductionlines 30

AllocationandmodellingofthebatteryhousinginEVbatteries 30

Recyclingcontentandend-of-lifemodelling 31

TheCFFappliedtothebatteryinscope 31

Transport 37

Verification 38

Applicationforverification 38

Technicaldocumentation 38

PublicversionoftheCFBsupportingstudy 38

Non-publicversionoftheCFBsupportingstudy 39

Additionalrequirementsformeta-datainformationinCFBcompliantdatasets 40

Verificationandvalidationtechniques 41

Dataconfidentiality 42

Conclusions 43

Listofabbreviations 44

Listofdefinitions 45

Listoffigures 51

Listoftables 52

Annexes 53

Annex1.Datacollectionrequirements-Rawmaterialacquisitionandpre-processing 53

Annex2.Datacollectionrequirements-Manufacturing 56

Annex3.Defaultbatterycellrecyclingprocess 66

PAGE

Abstract

ThisreportprovidesthemethodologicalguidelinesforcalculatingtheCarbonFootprintofbatteries(CFB).ItisbasedontheEnvironmentalFootprint(EF)methoddevelopedbytheEuropeanCommission(asinECRecommendations2279/2021)andProductEnvironmentalFootprintCategoriesRulesforBatteries(PEFCR),anditprovidesdetailedguidelinesonmethodologicalchoices,modellingapproaches,anddocumentationandverificationrequirementsfortheCFB.ThisworkissupposedtoprovidethebasisfortheenforcementofrequirementsasinArticle7oftheBatteryRegulationProposal,supplementingtheRegulationbyestablishingthemethodologyforcalculationandverificationofthecarbonfootprintofbatteries.

ThepresentreportistargetingexclusivelyelectricvehiclebatteriesasthefirstbatterytypetodeclaretheirCFBbutwillbethebasisfordevelopingalsothecorrespondingCFBrulesforallotherbatterytypesinscopeofArticle7oftheBatteryRegulationProposal.

ItistheresultofextensiveexchangewithallinvolvedstakeholdersoveralltimeperiodQ4/2021-Q2/2023,includingworkshopsanddedicatedstakeholderconsultations.Assuch,itrepresentstheresultsofconsensusbuildinguponCFBmodellingasproposedbyvarioussources(includingPEFCRandotherLCA-basedmethods)anddifferentpositionsamongstakeholdersfordeterminingtheCFBofEVbatteries.

Acknowledgements

WewouldliketothankourcolleaguesUmbertoEynardandEnricaLeccisifortheirsupportondefiningtheelectricitymodellinganddatarequirements,ElenaPaffumiforsupportonthefunctionalunitandtheunderlyingstandards,ourcolleaguesfromPetten,especiallyVanesaRuiz,MatthiasBruchhausen,ConradSzczukaandAndreasPfrangforsupportinguswithtechnicalexpertiseonperformanceparametersandelectrochemistry,andourD3colleaguesMartinaOreficeandSilviaBobbafortheirsupportandwisdomonrecyclingprocesses,recycledcontent,andrecoveryefficiencies.

Wealsoacknowledgethedetailedfeedbackreceivedfromallinvolvedstakeholders,whichhelpedtoimprovetherulesunderconsiderationofalldifferentviewpoints,andwhichwetriedtoconsidertothebestextentpossible.WealsothankRechargeandthePEFCR-TechnicalSecretariat,particularlyClaudeChanson,forthecontinousandfruitfulexchangeandcontinuouseffortsforaligningmethodologies.Finally,thanksalsotoallothercolleaguesfromtheECthatarenotmentionedexplicitlybutcontributedwithvaluableinputandexpertise,andthecolleaguesfromDG-GROWandDG-ENVforsupportandinputonpolicydevelopmentsandtheRegulationtext.

Authors

SusannaAndreasiBassiJensF.Peters

DanieleCandelaresiAntonioValenteNicolaFerraraFabriceMathieuxFulvioArdente

Executivesummary

ThisreportprovidesthemethodologicalguidelinesforcalculatingtheCarbonFootprintofbatteries(CFB)forelectricvehiclebatteries,asrequiredunderArticle7oftheupcomingbatteryRegulation.ItisbasedontheEnvironmentalFootprint(EF)methoddevelopedbytheEuropeanCommission(ECRecommendations2279/2021)1,thecorrespondinglatestversionofthePEFDataGuidelines2,andtheexistingPEFCRforbatteries3anditsongoingupdate.However,duetothespecificscopeandbasedonreceivedfeedbackfromstakeholders,somenoveldevelopmentswereintroduced,inparticular,onthedefinitionofthefunctionalunit,allocation,electricityandend-of-lifemodelling.ThisJRCreportisconceivedexclusivelyforEVbatteriesandnotapplicabletoothertypesofbatteries.ForotherbatterytypesinscopeoftheBatteryRegulationProposal,separatestudieswillbeconductedafterwards.

Thereportiscomprisedofninesections,looselyfollowingthestructureoftheEFmethod.Ofthose,sixsectionsprovidethemainmethodologicalguidelines,asbrieflysummarizedinthefollowing:

FunctionalUnit(Section3):ThefunctionalunitisdefinedasonekWh(kilowatt-hour)ofthetotalenergyprovidedbythebatteryoverthebattery’sservicelife,measuredinkWh.Differentapproachesarespecifiedaccordingtothevehicletypethebatteryisproducedfor.Forlight-dutyEVandmotorcyclebatteries,thetotalenergyisdefinedasthelifetimeofthebatteryinkmmultipliedbytheaverageenergydemandformovingthevehicleonekm.Forheavy-dutyEVandallotherbatteries,thetotalenergyisdefinedasthenumberoffullcycleequivalentsprovidedbythebatterymultipliedbytheenergyprovidedovereachcycle.

Systemboundaries(Section4):ThesystemboundariesdefinetheprocessesthathavetobemodelledfordeterminingtheCFBandthosewhichshallbeexcluded.Theycomprisethewholelife-cycleexcludingtheusestage,I.e.,rawmaterialacquisitionandpre-processing,batterymanufacturingandend-of-life.Specificcut-offrulesaredefined,withageneral1%(mass/mass)criteriumpersystemcomponent.

Impactassessment(Section5):Setsthelife-cycleimpactassessmentmethodologyforquantifyingthecarbonfootprint.

Datacollectionrequirements(Section6):Toallowabroadapplicabilitytoadifferentnumberoftechnologies,asrequiredfortheCFBRules,twodifferenttypesofprocessesaredistinguished,asmandatorycompany-specificprocessesandnon-mandatorycompany-specificprocesses.Theformerscompriseallprocesseswheretheuseofcompany-specificdataismandatoryasdefinedbytheRegulationProposal(activematerialandelectrodesproduction,cellproduction,moduleandbatteryassembling).Non-company-specificprocessesarefurthersubdividedinto‘mostrelevant’processesand‘non-mostrelevant’processes.Onlyfortheformer(mostrelevant),thedevelopmentofown,company-specificdatasetsisallowedforupstreamprocesses,whileforallnon-mostrelevantdata,theuseofsecondarydatasetsismandatory.Withthisapproach,theuseoftheDataNeedsMatrixisavoided(deemednotsuitablefortheproductsinscopeoftheseCFBRules)andthemodellingsimplifiedsubstantially.Themandatoryuseofsecondarydatasetsincreasescomparablityandrelievesthenotifiedbodyfromverifyinganunforeseeableamountofdatasets.Also,thedataqualityrequirementshavebeenrevisedtoallowconsideringtheadjustmentofthegeographicalscopeofpartiallyaggregateddatasetsintheoveralldataqualityrating(DQR).

Modellingrequirements(Section7):ProvidesrulesforthemodellingofspecificaspectsoftheCFBmodel,suchaselectricitymodelling,allocation,andend-of-lifemodelling.UpdatesregardingtheoriginalEFmethodshavebeenmadeforelectricitymodelling,wherestricterrequirementshavebeenset,includingaphysicalconnectionforelectricityexchangeviapowerpurchaseagreementsandtheeliminationofcreditsforexcesson-sitegeneratedelectricity.TheCFF(circularfootprintformula)hasbeenupdatedaccordingtotheneedsoftheCFB,wheretheimpactsofthebatterycellrecyclingarenotmaterial-specific,butoccurforthebatteryasawhole,requiringamodificationoftheCFFtoavoidthemandatoryallocationofrecycling

1EC,CommissionRecommendation(EU)2021/2279of15December2021ontheuseoftheEnvironmentalFootprintmethodstomeasureandcommunicatethelife-cycleenvironmentalperformanceofproductsandorganisations,2021.Availableat

https://eur-

lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj.

2SimoneFazio,LucaZampori,AnDeSchryver,OliverKusche,LionelThellier,EdwardDiaconu.GuideforEFcompliantdatasets:Version2.0,EUR30175EN,PublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion,Luxembourg,2020,ISBN978-92-76-17951-1,doi:10.2760/537292,JRC120340.Availableat

https://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/permalink/Guide_EF_DATA.pdf

3Recharge,PEFCR-ProductEnvironmentalFootprintCategoryRulesforHighSpecificEnergyRechargeableBatteriesforMobileApplications,2020.

processburdenstotherecoveredmaterials.Also,thecollectionratehasbeenintroducedasanexplicitparametertoaccountforthefactthatnotallbatteriesareactuallycollectedforproperrecyclingbutundergoscavengingandunknownend-of-lifetreatments.

Verification(Section8):ComprisesallrequirementsregardingdocumentationandverificationoftheCFB.Twodifferentformatsaredefinedforverification,apublicCFBsupportingstudywheretheCFBresultandsomeselectedkeyvalueshavetobedisclosed,asrequiredfortransparencyandcomparability.Thenon-publicversionoftheCFBsupportingstudyisextensiveandcontainsallmodellingassumptions,detaileddatacollectiontables,andjustificationsofallmodellingassumptionstakenfordevelopingtheCFB.Thispartisconfidentialandaccessibleonlybythenotifiedbodyfortheverificationprocess.

Finally,theAnnexesprovidesomemoredetailedguidelinesondatacollectionandprovidestandardtemplatesfordatacollection,ensuringthatallcollecteddataareprovidedwiththerelevantinformationofverification.Inaddition,defaultactivitydataareprovidedforthebatterycellrecyclingprocessesthatshallbeusedifnocompany-specificmodellingisdone.

Thepresentreportistheresultofextensiveexchangewithallinvolvedstakeholdersoveratimeperiodof1.5years(fromQ4/2021toQ2/2023),includingworkshopsanddedicatedstakeholderconsultations.AllreceivedfeedbackshavebeenanalysedandconsideredwhendeemedappropriateforthefinalversionoftheCFB.Assuch,thepresentreportrepresentstheoutcomeofaconsensusbuildingprocessonCFBbasedondifferentavailablelife-cyclebasedsourcesandvariouspositionfromdifferentstakeholder.

Introduction

TheEuropeanUnionaimsatbeingcarbonneutralby20504,5andhasimplementedseverallegislationstosupportthistransitionandthesustainabledevelopmentofnewtechnologies.

Batteriesareastrategicenablertofaceseveralchallengesofthecurrentsociety,suchasgreenmobility,greenenergy,andclimateneutrality,asdemonstratedbytheincreasingdemandforbatteriesinseveralsectors.IntheEuropeanGreenDeal,theCommissionalreadypresenteditscommitmenttoproposelegislationtoensureasafe,circular,andsustainablevaluechainforallbatteries,includingthesupplyofthegrowingmarketofelectricvehicles.Inthisregard,theBatteryRegulationProposalestablishesaharmonizedlegalframeworktoaddresstheentirelife-cycleofbatteriesandprovidesalegalcertaintytoalltheoperatorsworkinginthesupply-chainbyincludinguniformproductrequirements,conformityassessmentprocedures,andend-of-liferequirementstosupporttherecyclingmarket.

TheBatteryRegulationProposaliscurrentlycomposedof79articlesand14Annexesandsetssomerulesonsustainabilityparameters,performance,safety,collection,recycling,andsecondlifeofbatteriesaswellasoninformationrequirementsaboutbatteries.Oneofthesustainabilityparameterstobecalculatedandcommunicatedisthecarbonfootprintofthebatteries(CFB)specifiedinArticle7ofthesameRegulationProposal.TheCFBquantifiesthetotalamountofgreenhousegasesasgCO2equivalentperonekWhofthetotalenergyprovidedbythebatteryoveritsexpectedservicelife.TheCFBshallbedeclaredfor“rechargeableindustrialbatterieswithacapacityabove2kWh,lightmeansoftransport(LMT)batteriesandelectricvehicle(EV)batteriesplacedontheUnionmarket”.CFBdeclarationswillthenbeusedtodefinetheCFBperformanceclassesandCFBthresholdsthatbatteriesenteringtheEuropeanmarketshouldcomplywith.Ultimately,thisRegulationwillensurethattheexpectedmassivedeploymentofbatteries(e.g.,inmobility)willbeassociatedwithminimumoverallcarbonemissions.TheCFBshallaccompaniedbyapublicversionandanon-publicversionoftheCFBsupportingstudy.

ThedevelopmentoftheCFBshallbeinlinewithelementsincludedintheAnnexIIoftheBatteryRegulationProposalandbuildingonmethodologicalaspectsasinthelatestversionoftheEuropeanCommission’sEnvironmentalFootprint(EF)method(asintheECRecommendation2021/22796)andrelevantProductEnvironmentalFootprintCategoryRules(PEFCRs).Also,technical/scientificprogressintheareaoflife-cycleassessment(e.g.,towhatconcernlife-cycleimpactassessment)shouldbereflected.

TheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeanCommissionhasbeeninchargeforprovidingtechnicalsupporttothedevelopmentofthesecondarylegislationontheCFB(inlinewiththerequirementsofthearticle7andAnnexIIoftheBatteryRegulationProposal).Todeveloptheserules,theJRCorganisedtwoworkshops(onein2021andonein2022)andonestakeholderconsultation(inFebruary2023)topresentanddiscussdifferentmethodologicaloptionstostakeholders.

Forthedraftingofthepresentdocument,theBatteryRegulationProposalversionofthe18thofJanuary20237hasbeenconsideredasthereferencepolicydocument.Article7(1)oftheBatteryRegulationProposalstatesthattheCFBdeclarationwillapplyindifferentmomentstoEVbatteries,rechargeableindustrialbatteriesexcludingthosewithexclusivelyexternalstorage,LMTbatteries,andrechargeableindustrialbatterieswithexternalstorage.CFBdeclarationwillapplyfirsttoEVbatteries“18monthsafterentryintoforceoftheRegulationor12monthsaftertheentryintoforceeitherofthedelegatedactoroftheimplementingact".ThepresentJRCreportsuggestspossibleCFBrulesforEVbatteries,asfurtherspecifiedinSection

2.

NOTE:Thetextofcarbonfootprintruleshasbeenkeptasconciseaspossible.Allsectionsspecifiedas“NOTE”havetobeconsideredasexplicativetothetextandnotbeintendedaspartoftherulesforCarbonFootprintofBatteries(CFB).

4EC,TheEuropeanGreenDeal,COM/2019/640,2019.Availableat

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-

content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2019%3A640%3AFIN

.

5EC,ACleanPlanetforall-AEuropeanstrategiclong-termvisionforaprosperous,modern,competitiveandclimateneutraleconomy,COM(2018)773,2018.Availableat

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52018DC0773

.

6EC,CommissionRecommendation(EU)2021/2279of15December2021ontheuseoftheEnvironmentalFootprintmethodstomeasureandcommunicatethelife-cycleenvironmentalperformanceofproductsandorganisations,2021.Availableat

https://eur-

lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj.

7EU,ProposalforaRegulationoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilconcerningbatteriesandwastebatteries,repealingDirective2006/66/ECandamendingRegulation(EU)No2019/1020,2023.Availableat

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-

content/EN/TXT/?uri=consil:ST_5469_2023_INIT

Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthisdocument,theEFmethodasintheECRecommendation2021/2279shallbeconsideredasgeneralguidelinesabouthowtodeterminethecarbonfootprint.

Terminology

Thisreportusesthefollowingterminologytoindicatetherequirements,as:

Theterm“shall”isusedtoindicatewhatisrequiredinordertocalculatetheCFB.

Theterm“may”isusedtoindicateanoptionthatispermissible.Wheneveroptionsareavailable,theCFBsupportingstudyshallincludeadequateargumentationandevidencetojustifythechosenoption.

Scope

TheCFBshallbedeclaredforanyEVbatterythatfallswithinthescopeofArticle7oftheBatteryRegulationProposal,independentofitscellchemistryandoftheactualserviceitwillprovidewithinthespecificapplication.ThescopeoftheCFBexcludesbatteriesthathavebeensubjecttopreparingforre-use,preparingforrepurposeorrepurposing,orremanufacturing,ifthebatterieshadalreadybeenplacedonthemarketorputintoservicebeforeundergoingsuchoperations(accordingtotheArticle7(point3b)oftheBatteryRegulationProposal).

NOTE:EvenifcurrentlythemostcommonchemistryforEVbatteriesislithium-ion,theCFBrulesforEVsetoutinthepresentdocumentareasgeneralaspossibletobeapplicablealsotootherchemistriesortochemistriesunderdevelopment.TheCFBrulescouldbeupdatedinfuturetoaddressmorepreciselyspecificaspectsofemergingchemistries(e.g.,Mg-S,Aluminium)especiallyoncetheyachievemarketmaturity.Similarconsiderationsapplytoemerginganode/cathodematerialsforanyofthepossiblebatterychemistriesandtootherbatterytechnologies.

FunctionalUnitandReferenceFlow

Functionalunitforenergy-providingbatteries

Forenergy-providingbatteriessuchasEVbatteries,thefunctionalunitisdefined(accordingtotheAnnexIIoftheBatteryRegulationProposal)asonekWh(kilowatt-hour)ofthetotalenergyprovidedbythebatteryoverthebattery’sservicelife,measuredinkWh.

Thetotalenergy(inkWh)isthetotalamountofelectricity(inkWh)providedbythebatteryoveritsservicelife.

FourdifferentapproachesareusedforquantifyingthetotalenergyprovidedovertheservicelifebyEVbatteries,dependingontheconsideredvehiclecategory:

Light-dutyEVbatteries

CategoryL(Motorcycle)EVbatteries

Medium-dutyandheavy-dutyEVbatteries

OtherEVbatteries

Additionalservices(e.g.,fastcharging,extendedtemperaturerange)areconsideredassecondaryfunctionsandshallnotbemeasuredinthefunctionalunit.InformationrelatedtoadditionalservicesmaybeseparatelydisclosedintheCFBsupportingstudy,includingthetypeofadditionalserviceprovidedandrelatedstandards(ifany),andtheenvironmentalimpactthatmaybeassociatedtotheseadditionalservices.

Light-dutyEVbatteries

Forlight-dutyelectricvehiclebatteries(vehiclesbelongingtocategoriesM1andN1inthemeaningoftheRegulation(EU)2018/8588),thetotalenergyshallbecalculatedbymultiplying(a)theservicelife(expressedinkm)with(b)theenergydischargedfromthebatteryperunitofdistancedriven(expressedinkWh/km)measuredduringthetypeapprovaltest.

NOTE:EVbatteriesinstalledinthefollowingvehicletypes(asdefinedinUNGTRNo.15,namelyWorldwideharmonisedLightvehiclesTestProcedureorWLTP9)fallunderthiscalculationmethod:pureelectricvehicles(PEVs),off-vehiclecharginghybridelectricvehicles(OVC-HEVs,alsoknownasplug-inhybridelectricvehicles),notoff-vehiclecharginghybridelectricvehicles(NOVC-HEVs,alsoknownasnon-plug-inhybridelectricvehicles),andEVbatteriesinstalledinfuelcellhybridvehicles(FCHVs)thatareusedfortractionpurposes.

TheservicelifeisdefinedasthenumberofkmdrivenuntilthebatteryreachesaStateofCertifiedEnergy(SOCE)equalto70%forcategoryM1vehiclesandequalto65%forcategoryN1vehicles(asspecifiedintheAnnexIIoftheCommission’sProposalforEuro710).TheSOCEisdefinedasthepercentageofthecertified(useable)batteryenergyremainingatagivenpointintime,monitoredbytheBatteryManagementSystem(BMS),accordingtoUNGTRNo.22.Thedefaultservicelifeisassumedtobe160,000km,accordingtotheUNGTRNo.2211minimumperformancerequirements(MPRi).

8 REGULATION(EU)2018/858oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof30May2018ontheapprovalandmarketsurveillanceofmotorvehiclesandtheirtrailers,andofsystems,componentsandseparatetechnicalunitsintendedforsuchvehicles,amendingRegulations(EC)No715/2007and(EC)No595/2009andrepealingDirective2007/46/EC,2018,OJ(L151),p.1–218Availableat

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-

content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32018R0858#:~:text=Regulation%20(EU)%202018%2F858,No%20595%2F2009%20and%20repea

ling.

9 UnitedNationGlobalTechnicalRegulation(UNGTR)No.15:WorldiwideharmonisedLightvehiclesTestProcedure(WLTP),2021.

Availableat

/sites/default/files/2022-06/ECE-TRANS-180a15am6e.pdf

10EuropeanCommission,AnnextotheProposalforaRegulationoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilontype-approvalofmotorvehiclesandenginesandofsystems,componentsandseparatetechnicalunitsintendedforsuchvehicles,withrespecttotheiremissionsandbatterydurability(Euro7)andrepealingRegulations(EC)No715/2007and(EC)No595/2009,2022,COM/2022/586final.Availableat

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0586.

11UNECE,UNGTRNo.22(In-vehicleBatteryDurabilityforElectrifiedVehicles),2022,availableat

/sites/default/files/2022-04/ECE_TRANS_180a22e.pdf.

NOTE:Theminimumbattery’sservicelifeisassumedtobe160,000km(applyingthesameSOCEvaluesfortheend-of-life)alsoforNOVC-HEVseveniftheyarenotincludedinthescopeoftheUNGTRNo.22.Infact,theminimumservicelifeisalsodefinedasavehicleminimumdurabilityrequirementinUNRegulationNo.15412,aswellasintheAnnexIVoftheCommission’sProposalforEuro7.

TheCFBdeclarantmaydeclareahigherservicelife(expressedinkm),providingdocumentationinsupportoftheclaimintheCFBsupportingstudy.ThedeclarationofahigherservicelifeshallbeexpressedinnumberofkmdrivenuntilthebatteryreachesaSOCEequalto70%forcategoryM1vehiclesandequalto65%forcategoryN1vehicles.Thedeclaredservicelifeandthecorrespondingtotalenergyshallbeconsistentwiththeexpectedlifetimeintermsoffullcyclesequivalents(astobedeclaredaccordingtoAnnexIVoftheBatteryRegulationProposal)andwit