2017年考研英語一真題原文及答案解析完整版

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)fbreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybea

resounding,,yes!n(1)helpingyoufeelcloseand(2)topeopleyoucare

about,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa(3)ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyand

mind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou(4)gettingsickthis

winter.

Inarecentstudy(5)over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegie

MellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupport

andthereceiptofhugs(6)theparticipants1susceptibilitytodevelopingthe

commoncoldafterbeing(7)tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocial

supportwerelesslikelytocome(8)withacold,andtheresearchers(9)

thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging(10)about32percentofthat

beneficialeffect.(11)amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreater

socialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere(12).

“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe(13)riskforcolds

that'susually(14)withstress,nnotesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychology

atCarnegie,Huggingnisamarkerofintimacyandhelp(15)thefeelingthat

othersaretheretohelp(16)difficulty."

Someexperts(17)thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingto

thereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"(18)itpromotes

attachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewborn

babies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofit

isreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit(19)inthebrain,whereit

(20)mood,behaviorandphysiology.

l.A.BesidesB.UnlikeC.ThroughoutD.Despite

2.A.equalB.restrictedC.connectedD.inferior

3.A.viewB.HostC.lessonD.choice

4.A.avoidB?forgetC.recallD.keep

5.A.collectingB-affectingC.guidingD.involving

6.A.onB.inC.atD.of

7.A.devotedB.attractedC.lostD.exposed

8.A.alongB-acrossC.downD.out

9.A.imaginedB.deniedC.doubtedD.calculated

10.A.servedB.RestoredC.explainedD.required

11.A.ThusB.StillC.RatherD.Even

12.A.defeatsB.symptomsC.errorsD.tests

13.A.HighlightedB.increasedC.controlledD.minimized

14.A.PresentedB.equippedC.associatedD.compared

15.A.assessB.GenerateC.moderateD.record

16.A.inthenameofB.intheformofC.inthefaceofD.inthewayof

17.A.attributeB?commitC.transferD.return

18.A.unlessB.becauseC.thoughD.until

19.A.remainsB.emergesC.vanishesD.decreases

20.A.experiencesB.combinesC.justifiesD.influences

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Firsttwohours,nowthreehours一thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesare

recommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajor

U.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnfor

increasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedowned

overtheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemanding

toomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublic

supportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans1economic

andprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecret

checkthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons一bothfakeandreal

——pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressince

then,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoil

prices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'Hare

International.ltisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome

——butthelinesareobvious.

Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreasein

airlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partofthe

issueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormay

bethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoid

checked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.

ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairports

orrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposed

tobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheck

areeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelers

whoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25million

peopleinPreCheck.

Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonissticker

shock:Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackground

checks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcoming

reformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlook

intodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsin

otherways.

TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklanes

whilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.ltislongpasttimeto

maketheprogramwork.

21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto

fA]explainAmerican'stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.aiiports.

[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?

fA]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

23.Theword“expedited”(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningto

[A]quieter.

[BJcheaper.

[C]wider.

[D]faster.

24.0neproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis

[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]thegovernment'sreluctancetobackit.

[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[B]PreCheck-aBelatedSolution

[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

Text2

“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,“wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii's

lastreigningmonarch,in1897.Starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembers

ofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.Protests

haveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiant

observatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

AtissueistheTMTsplannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcano

worshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstothe

heavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld*smostpowerful

telescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofour

planet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesof

unsurpassedclarity.

OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.Asmallbutvocalgroup

ofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfar

sacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereign

nation.

Someblamefbrthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheir

eagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayof

understandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea*s

fragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnota

relicofthepast；itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnof

civilization.Thesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbrought

earlyPolynesianstoHawaii*sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexplorethe

heavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuture

developmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseekto

answerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwhereweare

going.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcalling

toknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMauna

Kea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope?svisibilityaroundtheisland

andtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.Tolimitthenumberof

telescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesand

theirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.Thereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbe

welcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalani,sremarkinParagraph1indicates

[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers9featsinhertime.

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto

[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.

[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.

[C]itsreligiousimplications.

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.

28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause

[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.

[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.

29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy

fA]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.

[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiiansyhostility.

3O.TheauthorJsattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof

[A]severecriticism.

[B]passiveacceptance.

[C]slighthesitancy.

[D]fullapproval.

Text3

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures^everythingexcept

thatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.nWithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropean

Union,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomentto

assesswhathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfa

century.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.ltmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatter

andmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvy

oftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.If

everythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevotefor

Brexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry?seconomic

prospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthinto

well-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,the

UKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslated

intomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDRover

40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhave

beenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberof

consistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008

globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,major

economieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.Some

relativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasures

includingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedas

thesolemeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemost

commonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisno

longerenough.ltdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityor

educationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.

ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoa

declineintheeverydayserviceswedependonfbrourwell-beingandforgrowth.But

policymakerswhorefbcuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimply

worryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevensee

progress.

31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe

[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.

[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.

[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.

[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.

32.ltcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that

[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.

[B]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.

[C]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.

[DipolicymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.

[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.

[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.

[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.

34.1nthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat

[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.

[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.

[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.

[Dlitrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?

[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlesson

[B]GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

[C]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

[D]Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being

Text4

Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruption

convictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhile

holdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasa

RolexwatchandaFerrariAutomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.

ThehighcourtrsdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonneirstrailfailedtotella

jurythatitmustlookonlyathisaofficialacts,vortheformergovernor?sdecisionson

“specific"and"unsettled“issuesrelatedtohisduties.

Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclear

intenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.

Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis

“distasteful"and"nasty."Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcrete

benefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarranginga

meeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotanuofficialact.”

ThecourtJsrulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnot

criminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucratic

problemswithoutfearofprosecutionofbribery."Thebasiccompactunderlying

representativegovernment,wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsfbrthecourt,uassumes

thatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”

Buttherulingreinforcestheneedfbrcitizensandtheirelected

representatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovemment.Officials

mustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarranging

meetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationora

personalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernment

transparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformation

abouteachelectedleader?ssourceofwealth.

Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnot

alwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesof

accessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasic

premiseofdemocraticsociety-thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-is

undermined.Goodgovernmentrestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeach

individual.

Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionand

officialfavoritism.

36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt

[A]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnellJsduties.

[B]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.

[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnellJsconduct.

[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnell?sethics.

37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifit

involves

[A]concretereturnsforgift-givers.

[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.

[C]leakingsecretsintentionally.

[D]breakingcontractsofficially.

38.Thecourt*srulingisdontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare

[A]allowedtofbcusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.

[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.

[C]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.

[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.

39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto

[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.

[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.

[C]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.

[Dlinspirehopesinaveragepeople.

4O.TheauthorJsattitudetowardthecourt'srulingis

[A]sarcastic.

[B]tolerant.

[C]skepticaL

[D]supportive.

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youare

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelist

A-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsBandDhavebeen

correctlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Thefirstpublishedsketch,nADinneratPolarWalk"broughttearstoDickens's

eyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazineFromthenonhis

sketches,whichappearedunderthepennamenBozHinTheEveningChronicle,earned

himamodestreputation.

[B]TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknown

today,securedDickens'sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andthe

plump,spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becauseanationalfigure.

[C]SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickens

towriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbythe

then-famousartistRobertSeymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.With

characteristicconfidence,DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymour'spictures

illustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment,Dickenswrotetotheartist

andaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfelt,wasnotfaithfulenoughtohis

prose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasure

bycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanew

artist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedserially

in1836and1837andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.

[D]CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatest

Englishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer,Dickens

craftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglish

society.

[E]Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrand

boyinlawoffices.Hetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasa

courtstenographerandasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohad

areporter'seyefortranscribingthelifearoundhim,especiallyanythingcomicor

odd,submittedshortsketchestoobscuremagazines.

[F]DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast.Hisfatherwasa

clerkintheBritishNavyPayoffice-arespectableposition,butwithlittlesocial

status.Hispaternalgrandparents,astewardandahousekeeper,possessedevenless

status,havingbeenservants,andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken^

mothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.Yettwoyearsbefore

Dicken'sbirth,hismother'sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,neverto

return.Thefamily'sincreasingpovertyforcedDickensoutofschoolatage12towork

inWarren'sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboys

mockedhimas"theyounggentleman."Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfordebt.The

humiliationsofhisfather'simprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryformed

Dickens'sgreatestwoundandbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethem

eventohiswife,althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.

[G]AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTwist,he

tracesanorphan'sprogressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsof

London.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwith

thesunlightofPickwick.ThepopularityofthesenovelsconsolidatedDickens1asa

nationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanofletters.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10

points)

ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld'sprimarylanguagefbr

internationalcommunicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingfbrseveral

decades.(46)ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurtherthereare

signsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeable

future.

Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturechangecouldstartto

diminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUK

interestswhichenjoyadvantagefromthebreathofEnglishusagewouldconsequently

facenewpressures.Thoserealisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresented

byDavidGraddol.(47)Hisanalysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentedness

amongthose