第12頁(yè)/共12頁(yè)2022北京高一（上）期末英語(yǔ)匯編閱讀理解C篇一、閱讀理解（2022·北京海淀·高一期末）AscollegesportscontinuetobehugelypopularandtheNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation(NCAA)bringsinlargeamountsofmoney,peoplehaverestartedthedebateonwhethercollegeathletesshouldgetpaid.Supportersoftheideabelievethat,becausecollegeathletesarebringinginaudiences,theyshouldreceivesomesortofcompensation(補(bǔ)償).Infact,theNCAAbringsinabout$1billionincomeayear,butcollegeathletesdon’treceiveanyofthatmoneyintheformofapaycheck.Additionally,peoplewhobelievecollegeathletesshouldbepaidstatethatpayingcollegeathleteswillactuallyencouragethemtoremainincollegelongerandnotturnprofessionalsasquickly,eitherbygivingthemawaytobeginearningmoneyincollegeorrequiringthemtosignacontract(合同)sayingthey’llstayattheuniversityforacertainnumberofyearswhilemakinganagreed-uponsalary.Peoplewhoargueagainsttheideaofpayingcollegeathletesbelievethepracticecouldbedisastrousforcollegesports.Payingathleteswouldturncollegesportsintoabidding(競(jìng)拍)war,whereonlytherichestschoolscouldaffordtopathletes,andmostschoolswouldbeshutoutfromdevelopingatalentedteam.Itcouldalsoharmthecamaraderiewithinmanycollegeteamsifplayersbecomeunhappythatcertainteammatesaremakingmoremoneythantheyare.Thoseagainstpayingcollegeathletesalsobelievethattheathletesarereceivingenoughbenefitsalready.Thetopathletesreceivescholarshipsthatareworthtensofthousandsperyear.Theyreceivefreefoodandtextbooks,gettravelbonusesandfreeequipment,andcanusetheirtimeincollegeasawaytoattracttheattentionofprofessionalcoaches.Noothercollegestudentsreceiveanywherenearasmuchfromtheirschools.Whilebothsideshavegoodpoints,it’sclearthatthenegativesofpayingcollegeathletesfaroutweighthepositives.Collegeathleteshavebeencompensatedenough.Addingasalarywouldresultinacollegeathleticsystemwhereonlyafewathletesarepaidbysomeschoolswhoenterbiddingwarstosignthemup,whilemoststudentathleticsandcollegeathleticprogramssufferorevenshutdownforlackofmoney.Continuingtoofferthepresentbenefitstostudentathletesmakesitpossibleforasmanypeopletobenefitfromandenjoycollegesportsaspossible.1．ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatcollegeathletes________.A．haveearnedwhattheyarepromisedB．tendtoservecollegelongerwhenpaidC．shouldsignacontracttomakeanagreed-uponsalaryD．prefertostayatuniversityratherthanturnprofessionals2．Theunderlinedword“camaraderie”inParagraph3issimilarto“________”.A．friendship B．competition C．spirit D．communication3．Peopleagainstpayingcollegeathletesbelieve________.A．schoolswouldbeunabletoafforditB．itcouldbeharmfultocollegesportsC．noothercollegestudentsreceivebenefitsD．studentswouldvaluepaymentsoverachievements4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspayingcollegeathletes?A．Uncertain. B．Satisfied. C．Unsupportive. D．Expectant.（2022·北京西城·高一期末）HowYourWeeklyShopCouldHelpPreventaMassExtinctionAllaroundtheworld,thewayinwhichweproduce,buyandeatfoodhasneverbeenmoresimilar.Youmaythinkyouhavemorechoicesthanyourparentsorgrandparentseverdid,andononelevelthatistrue.Whereveryouare,youcaneatvariousfoodsallinasingleday.Whatwe’rebeingofferedappearsatfirsttobediverse,untilyourealiseitisthesamekindof“diversity”thatisspreadingaroundtheglobeinthesameway;whattheworldbuysandeatsisbecomingmoreandmorethesame.Ofthe6,000plantspecieshumanshaveeatenovertime,wenowmainlygrowandeatjustnine.What’slesswellknownisthatforeachofthecrops,we’reeatingfromasmallernumberofvarieties.Thousandsofdifferentwheatsexist,butlessthan10makeitontothe“recommendedlist”issuedtoBritishfarmers.It’sasimilarstorywiththemeatweeat.Thisrelativelyrecentphenomenon(現(xiàn)象)ofeatingfromsuchanarrowselectionofplantsandanimals,andjustafewvarietiesofthese,hasresultedinaseriouslossofdiversityinfarmers’fieldsandinourdietsandagreatlossofbiodiversity.Inthe20thcentury,effortsweremadetoproducemorecalories(卡路里)tofeedgrowingpopulations,butinsearchofquantity,wegaveupdiversity.Cropsandfarmanimalsuniquetotheirpartoftheworldbecameendangered;someevenwentextinct(滅絕).Whenafoodislost,werisknotonlylosingaspecialflavour,butalsoawayoflifeandpartofaculture.Wealsolosechoicesforthefuture.Facedwiththegrowingimpactofclimatechangeandextremeweatherevents,wecanaddgreaterresilience(快速恢復(fù)能力)toourfoodsystembysavingdiversity.Butastheworldfarmsandeatsinincreasinglysimilarways,morefoodsareatriskofdisappearing.Weallhaveaparttoplayinpreventingthisfromhappening,whereverweareintheworld,anditstartswithwhatweputinourshoppingbaskets.Stillunsurewheretostart?Focusononeofyourfavouritefoodsandstarttoexploreitinallitsdiversity.Whetherthat’schocolate,coffee,cheeseorwine,findasmuchvariationasyoucan,setoffonaflavouradventureandhelpsavesomethingfromextinction.5．Accordingtothepassage,peoplemaybelievethat________.A．ourchoicesoffoodaremorethanthoseofearlygenerationsB．ourwaysoffoodproductionareneversimilartooneanotherC．whatweplantstaysthesamearoundtheworldD．whatweeatisbecomingincreasinglypopular6．HowdoesthewriterprovehisideainParagraph2?A．Byusingdata. B．Bydescribingascene.C．Bytellingastory. D．Bysharingexperiences.7．Accordingtothewriter,whatmightbethecauseofthelossofbiodiversity?A．Climate. B．Business. C．Population. D．Technology.8．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Whytostart. B．Wheretoshop. C．Whattoeat. D．Howtohelp.（2022·北京平谷·高一期末）Thesedays,footballisoneofthemostpopularsportsintheworld.ConsideringthatNeilArmstrongwantedtotakeafootballtotheMoon,wecouldevensaythatitisalsothemostpopularsportoutofthisworld!ThehistoryofthegamegoesbackovertwothousandyearstoancientChina.Itwasthenknownascuju(kickball),agameusingaballofanimalskinswithhairinside.Goalswerehungintheair.FootballasweknowittodaystartedinGreatBritain,wherethegamewasgivennewrules.Thatfootballissuchasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.Itisalsoagamethatisverycheaptoplay.Youdon'tneedexpensiveequipment;eventheballdoesn'thavetocostmuchmoney.Allovertheworldyoucanseekidsplayingtotheirhearts'contentwithaballmadeofplasticbags,justlikePeledidwhenhewasaboy.Anotherfactorbehindfootball'sglobalpopularityisthecreativityandexcitementonthefield.Itisfunenoughtoattractmillionsofpeople.Youdonothavetobeafantorecognisetheskillofprofessionalplayers-howtheyusetheirbodiestopass,scoreanddefendcanbeamazingtosee-ortofeeltheexcitementofagameendingwithasurprisingtwist.What'smore,footballhasbecomeoneofthebestwaysforpeopletocommunicate.Itdoesnotrequirewords,buteveryoneunderstandsit.Itbreaksdownwallsandbringspeopletogetheronandoffthefield.Take,forexample,thefamousfootballgameonChristmasDay1914,WorldWarIhadbrokenoutmonthsbefore,butBritishandGermansoldiersputdowntheirgunsandplayedfootballtogether-onemomentofpeacetorememberduringyearsofconflict."Somepeoplebelievefootballisamatteroflifeanddeath..."saidBillShankly,thefamousfootballerandmanager."Icanassureyouitismuch,muchmoreimportantthanthat."Thismightsoundfunny,butoneonlyhastothinkabouttheearthtorealisethatourplanetisshapedlikeafootball.9．Aboutthedevelopmentoffootball,weknowthat________.A．thehistoryoffootballdatesbacktoancientChinaB．NeilArmstrongoncetookafootballtothemoonC．thegoalofancientfootballwasfixedonthegroundD．therulesoffootballhaveneverbeenchanged10．Accordingtothetext,footballispopularbecause________.A．PeleplayedfootballB．itisgivennewrulesC．itissimple,cheapandfuntoplayD．itattractsmanyprofessionalplayers11．Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．WorldWarIwasover.B．Britishsoldierswantedtowinthewar.C．Footballisnotimportant.D．Footballcanhelppeopletocommunicate.（2022·北京房山·高一期末）CHEMICALVSORGANICFARMINGChemicalpesticides(農(nóng)藥)andartificialfertilisers(人工化肥)havebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirstintroduced,manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,however,whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople’shealth.Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenforbiddeninmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemicalfertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavouraswell.Asanalternative,somefarmershaveturnedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.Thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals.Italsokeepstheair,soil,water,andcropsfreeofchemicals.

Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear.Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.Whydifferentcropsaregrownisbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“digest”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Eat. B．Approach. C．Plant. D．Carry.13．Howisorganicfarmingdifferentfromchemicalfarming?A．Organicfarmingcanmeetthehugedemandforfoodaroundtheworld.B．Organicfarmingaimsatgrowinggoodfoodandkeepingsoilrichandhealthy.C．Cropsgrownwithorganicfarminglookbeautifulbuthavelessnutritionandflavor.D．Organicfarmingdoesharmtopeopleandtheenvironmentandisnotallowedtouse.14．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Organicfarmingcouldn’tfinditswayinfarmingsinceithaslowproduction.B．Organicfarmingisbetterthanchemicalfarmingandcouldtaketheplaceofit.C．Weshouldstoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinfarmingbecauseoftheirharm.D．Ittakesalongtimetokeepabalancebetweenproducingsufficientfoodandensuringhealth.（2022·北京市懷柔區(qū)教科研中心高一期末）HowtoMakeFriends,AccordingtoScienceFriendshipisoneoflife’smostimportantfeatures,andonetoooftentakenforgranted.Thehumanwishforcompanionship(交往)maybenoend,butresearchsuggeststhatoursocialcapital(資本)isfinite(有限的)—wecanonlyhandleacertainnumberofrelationshipsatonetime.Socialscientistshaveusedsomecreativeapproachestomeasurethesizeofpeople’ssocialnetworks;thesehavereturnedestimates(估計(jì))rangingfromabout250toabout5,500people.Lookingmorespecificallyatfriendship,astudyusingtheexchangeofChristmascardstotestclosenessputtheaverageperson’sfriendgroupatabout121people.Howeverlargeournetworksmaybe,ourinnercircletendstobemuchsmaller.TheaverageAmericantrustsonly10to20people.Moreover,thatnumbermaybecomesmaller:From1998to2017,theaverage(平均的)numberoftrustedfriendsdecreased(減少)fromthreetotwo.Thisisbothsadandofimportantresult,becausepeoplewhohavestrongsocialrelationshipstendtolivelongerthanthosewhodon’t.Sowhatshouldyoudoifyoursociallifeislacking?Heretheresearchisinstructive.Tobeginwith,don’trefusetoconsidertheordinaryacquaintance(交情).Eveninteractingwithpeoplewithwhomonehasweaksocialtieshasameaningfulinfluenceonwell—being.Beyondthat,buildingdeeperfriendshipsmaybelargelyamatterofputtingintime.ArecentstudyoutoftheUniversityofKansasfoundthatittakesabout50hoursofsocializingtogofromacquaintancetocasualfriend,anadditional40hourstobecomea“real”friend,andatotalof200hourstobecomeaclosefriend.Ifthatsoundsliketoomucheffort,renewinginactivesocialtiescanbeespeciallyrewarding.Reconnectedfriendscanquicklygetbackthetrusttheybuiltbefore,whileofferingeachotheradashofnovelty(新奇)drawnfromwhateverthey’vebeenuptointhemeantime.Andifallelsefails,youcouldstartrandomlytotellsecretstopeopleyoudon’tknowthatwell.Self-disclosure(自我表露)makesusmorelikable,andasabonus,wearemorelikelytofavorthosetowhomwehaverevealedoursoul.Longingforclosenessandconnectioniscommonandeverywhere,whichsuggeststhatmostofusarestumbling(跌跌撞撞)throughtheworld,expectingcompanionshipthatcouldbeeasilyprovidedbythelonesomestumblersallaroundus.Sosetasidethisarticle,turntosomeonenearby,andtrytomakeafriend.15．FromParagraph2,wecanknowthat______.A．a(chǎn)strongsocialrelationshipmeansalonglifeB．realfriendshipsarebasedontheexchangeofpresentsC．people’sinnercirclebecomessmallerD．people’ssocialnetworksdependontheirwishforcompanionship16．Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoimproveone’ssociallife?A．Sharingsecretswithclosefriends. B．Choosinglikablepeopleasfriends.C．Avoidingtheordinaryacquaintance. D．Spendingtimefordeeperfriendships.17．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thetipsonhowtodevelopfriendship.B．Thereasonsforseekingcompanionship.C．Thebenefitsbroughtbyagoodsociallife.D．Therelationshipbetweenfriendshipandhappiness.（2022·北京師大附中高一期末）Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺詐).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(處理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.18．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A．Panicked. B．Confused. C．Embarrassed. D．Disappointed.19．Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan________.A．a(chǎn)imatvictimsprecisely B．damagedatabaseseasilyC．startcampaignsrapidly D．spreadinformationwidely20．Whatdoesthepassageimply?A．Honestyisthebestpolicy.B．Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C．Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D．Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.21．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB．WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC．WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD．HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology（2022·北京昌平·高一期末）Librariesaroundtheworldstillholdcopiesofbooksprintedhundredsofyearsago.Wille-booksstillbeusedinhundredsofyears’time?Librariansareworriedthatdigitalinformationanddigitalbooksarealreadybeinglost.Technologyisalwayschanging,andevennow,wecannotfindtheinformationtypedinprogramsweusedtenorfifteenyearsago.Isdigitaldataindangerofdisappearingintoadigitalblackhole?Amazingly,westillhavecopiesofthefirstpublishedcollectionofWilliamShakespeare536playsThefirstFolio.That’snotbadforabookthat’snearly500yearsold.Thefoliowaspublishedin1623.Around800copieswereprintedand234knowncopiesstillcanbefoundtoday.Booksarequiteeasytostore.Theyholdalargeamountofinformationinasmallspace.Mostimportantly,wedon’tneedanyspecialequipmenttoopenthem.Butwhataboutthedigitalbooksstoredonyourcomputernow?Willpeoplebeabletoreadthemin800,500oreven10years’time?Technologymovesfast.Thedigitalbookswesavedonsomespecialequipmenttenortwentyyearsagocan’tbeopenednow.Wecan’topenthemonour21stcenturylaptops.Whataboutallyourdigitalphotographs?Everysecond,thousandsofthemareuploadedtosocialmedia.Thereisnophysicalcopy.Whatwillhappentothem?Willtheybelostinafewyears’time?Nowyousavethemin.jpgor.tiffformat(格式).Intenyears’time,therewillbeanotherformandanotherprogramtoopenyourphotoswith.Thisnewprogramwillnotbeabletoopenyourold.jpgor.tifffiles.PeoplehaverecognisedthisproblemandtherearenowonlinesellerswhowillprintphysicalphotoalbumsofyourFacebookposts.Whenawebsiteclosesdown,alltheinformationonthatwebsiteisremoved.It’sgoneforever.Ithasdisappearedintothe“digitalblackhole”.Organisationshaveunderstoodthisproblem.In2004,theBritishLibraryintheUKstartedtoarchive(存檔)websitesthatareimportantculturallyandacademicallyforfuturegenerations,justlikepaper-basedliterature.In2010,theUSLibraryofCongresssignedanagreementwithTwittertoarchivepublicTweetssentbyAmericans.TheyhavearchivedallpublicTweetssentsincethestartofTwitterin2006.That’s400millionTweetseveryday!Withalltheamazingnewdigitaltechnologytoday,westillhavetorelyonthecenturies-oldtechnologyofprinting.Fornow,itseemsprintedcopiesarestillthesafestwaytostoreinformation.22．ThewritermentionsShakespeare’sworktoshow______.A．therearedifferentwaystostorebooksB．ShakespearehasinfluenceonprintingbooksC．printedbookscanbestoredforalongtimeD．thetechnologyofprintinghasalonghistory23．Whyisdigitaldataindangerofdisappearingintoadigitalblackhole?A．Thereisnoenoughroomtostoredigitaldata.B．Peoplepreferprintedcopiestodigitaldata.C．Anewformofdatawillreplacedigitaldata.D．Digitaldatamaynotbereachedinthefuture.24．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardkeepingtheprintedcopies?A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unclear. D．Worried.

參考答案1．B

2．A

3．B

4．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。討論了是否應(yīng)該給大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)員發(fā)工資。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Additionally,peoplewhobelievecollegeathletesshouldbepaidstatethatpayingcollegeathleteswillactuallyencouragethemtoremainincollegelongerandnotturnprofessionalsasquickly,(此外，那些認(rèn)為應(yīng)該給大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)員發(fā)工資的人表示，給大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)員發(fā)工資實(shí)際上會(huì)鼓勵(lì)他們?cè)诖髮W(xué)呆得更久，而不是更快地成為專業(yè)人士)”可知，大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)員被給予報(bào)酬后，可能傾向于繼續(xù)在大學(xué)服務(wù)。故選B。2．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“ifplayersbecomeunhappythatcertainteammatesaremakingmoremoneythantheyare.(如果球員對(duì)某些隊(duì)友賺的錢(qián)比他們多而感到不高興)”可推知，當(dāng)隊(duì)友之間因?yàn)槭杖氩煌a(chǎn)生不愉快時(shí)，就會(huì)影響到團(tuán)隊(duì)之間的團(tuán)結(jié)和友誼，由此可猜測(cè)“harmthecamaraderie”中的“camaraderie”與“friendship”同義，表示“友情；同事情誼”。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Peoplewhoargueagainsttheideaofpayingcollegeathletesbelievethepracticecouldbedisastrousforcollegesports.(反對(duì)向大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)員付費(fèi)的人認(rèn)為這種做法可能會(huì)給大學(xué)體育帶來(lái)災(zāi)難)”可知，持反對(duì)意見(jiàn)的人們認(rèn)為給大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)員支付薪酬會(huì)對(duì)大學(xué)體育造成損害。故選B。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Whilebothsideshavegoodpoints,it’sclearthatthenegativesofpayingcollegeathletesfaroutweighthepositives.(盡管雙方都有各自的道理，但顯然，給大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)員發(fā)工資的負(fù)面影響遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于正面影響)”可知，作者認(rèn)為負(fù)面影響大于正面影響，也就是說(shuō)作者不支持給大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)員發(fā)工資。故選C。5．A

6．A

7．C

8．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了我們飲食的多樣性嚴(yán)重喪失，越來(lái)越多的食物面臨消失的危險(xiǎn)，以及我們每個(gè)人都有責(zé)任阻止這種情況的發(fā)生，挽救一些瀕臨滅絕的東西。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Youmaythinkyouhavemorechoicesthanyourparentsorgrandparentseverdid,andononelevelthatistrue.”（你可能認(rèn)為你比你的父母或祖父母有更多的選擇，這在某種程度上是正確的。）可知，人們可能認(rèn)為我們對(duì)食物的選擇比早期幾代人更多。故選A項(xiàng)。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二三行“Ofthe6,000plantspecieshumanshaveeatenovertime,wenowmainlygrowandeatjustnine.What’slesswellknownisthatforeachofthecrops,we’reeatingfromasmallernumberofvarieties.Thousandsofdifferentwheatsexist,butlessthan10makeitontothe“recommendedlist”issuedtoBritishfarmers.”（在人類長(zhǎng)期食用的6000種植物中，我們現(xiàn)在主要種植和食用9種。不太為人所知的是，對(duì)于每種作物，我們吃的是數(shù)量較少的品種。存在數(shù)千種不同的小麥，但只有不到10種進(jìn)入發(fā)給英國(guó)農(nóng)民的“推薦名單”。）可知，作者是通過(guò)使用數(shù)據(jù)證明自己的觀點(diǎn)的。故選A項(xiàng)。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Inthe20thcentury,effortsweremadetoproducemorecaloriestofeedgrowingpopulations,butinsearchofquantity,wegaveupdiversity.”（在20世紀(jì)，人們努力生產(chǎn)更多的卡路里來(lái)養(yǎng)活不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口，但為了追求數(shù)量，我們放棄了多樣性。）可知，作者認(rèn)為，生物多樣性喪失的原因可能是人口的增長(zhǎng)。故選C項(xiàng)。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Stillunsurewheretostart?Focusononeofyourfavouritefoodsandstarttoexploreitinallitsdiversity.Whetherthat’schocolate,coffee,cheeseorwine,findasmuchvariationasyoucan,setoffonaflavouradventureandhelpsavesomethingfromextinction.”（還不確定從哪里開(kāi)始？專注于你最喜歡的食物之一，開(kāi)始探索它的多樣性。無(wú)論是巧克力、咖啡、奶酪還是葡萄酒，盡可能多地尋找變化，開(kāi)始一次風(fēng)味冒險(xiǎn)，并幫助挽救一些瀕臨滅絕的東西。）可知，最后一段主要講如何幫助挽救一些瀕臨滅絕的東西。故選D項(xiàng)。9．A

10．C

11．D【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了足球的歷史和足球在全球受歡迎的原因。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ThehistoryofthegamegoesbackovertwothousandyearstoancientChina.（足球的歷史可以追溯到兩千多年前的中國(guó)古代。）”可知，關(guān)于足球的發(fā)展，我們知道足球的歷史可以追溯到古代中國(guó)。故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thatfootballissuchasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.Itisalsoagamethatisverycheaptoplay.（足球是一項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)動(dòng)，這也許是它受歡迎的基礎(chǔ)。這也是一個(gè)非常便宜的游戲。）”和第四段“Itisfunenoughtoattractmillionsofpeople.（它足夠有趣，可以吸引數(shù)百萬(wàn)人。）”可知，足球受歡迎是因?yàn)樗?jiǎn)單、便宜和有趣。故選C。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“What'smore,footballhasbecomeoneofthebestwaysforpeopletocommunicate.（更重要的是，足球已經(jīng)成為人們交流的最好方式之一。）”可知，足球可以幫助人們交流。故選D。12．A

13．B

14．D【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了兩種農(nóng)業(yè)形式，即化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)和有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)，并對(duì)比了它們各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。12．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.（此外，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以在土壤和地下水中保留很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。這會(huì)影響土地里生長(zhǎng)的農(nóng)作物，進(jìn)而影響到以他們?yōu)槭车娜祟悾笨芍瑒澗€部分的單詞應(yīng)該表達(dá)“吃”的意義。故選A項(xiàng)。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.（有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)就是不使用任何化學(xué)肥料的農(nóng)業(yè)。有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民注重利用自然的方式保持土壤的肥沃和免除病害）”可知，和化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)相比，有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的目的就是不借助于化學(xué)物質(zhì)種植出口感更好的事物，同時(shí)保持土壤的肥沃和健康。故選B項(xiàng)。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.（因此，要找到一個(gè)合適的解決方案，使人們餐桌上有足夠的食物，同時(shí)盡可能地保持人類和環(huán)境的健康，仍然有很長(zhǎng)的路要走）”可知，要保持充足的食物生產(chǎn)和健康保障之間的平衡還需要一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。故選D項(xiàng)。15．C

16．D

17．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是如何根據(jù)科學(xué)交朋友。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Howeverlargeournetworksmaybe,ourinnercircletendstobemuchsmaller.（無(wú)論我們的人際網(wǎng)絡(luò)有多大，我們的核心圈子往往要小得多。）”可知，從第2段，我們可以知道人們的核心圈子變小了，故選C。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Beyondthat,buildingdeeperfriendshipsmaybelargelyamatterofputtingintime.（除此之外，建立更深厚的友誼在很大程度上可能需要投入時(shí)間。）”可知，作者建議通過(guò)花時(shí)間和人建立更深厚的友誼來(lái)改善一個(gè)人的社交生活，故選D。17．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是題目“HowtoMakeFriends,AccordingtoScience（如何根據(jù)科學(xué)交朋友）”和第三段的“Sowhatshouldyoudoifyoursociallifeislacking?Heretheresearchis