2024年中考英語新熱點時文閱讀■科普知識

題型主要內容

1

閱讀理解介紹了綠色屋頂，并介紹了其好處。

2

閱讀理解介紹7在珠穆朗瑪峰頂部設立的世界最高的自動氣象站的情況

3

閱讀理解講述了音樂偏好和性格之間的關系，并通過實驗得出了不同的音樂類型和其對應的性

格特點。

4

閱讀理解介紹了四種血型以及具有該血型人的性格特點，適合從事的工作等。作者認為血型只是

另一種有趣的方式來幫助我們了解自己。

5

閱讀理解介紹了人們在饑餓時容易發(fā)怒的原因，以及這種現(xiàn)象對人們日常生活的影響和人們的

處理方法。

6

閱讀理解介紹出生順序不同影響孩子們不同的性格。

7

閱讀理解介紹了茶被發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程及茶對人的好處。

01

（2022秋?江蘇宿遷?九年級統(tǒng)考期中）Freshgreengrass.Hundredsofcolorfulwildflowers.Waterrunning

intolittlepools.Birdsmakingtheirhomesinboxes.The9,500-square-metreAugustenborgBotanicalGardenmay

lookjustlikeanyotherwell-organizedpark,butthere5sadifference.Itliesontheroofs（屋頂）ofindustrialandoffice

buildingsinthecityofMalmoinSweden.

Greenroofsarenotanewinvention.Andnowtheyaregettingpopularagain.Thecommonroofsofamodem

cityhaveendlessblacksurfaces（表面）withnolifeorwater.Perhapsthat'swhyagardenonaroofbecomessucha

perfectchoiceformorepeople.

Greenroofsarenotjustpretty.Theyalsohelptomoderatethecitytemperature.Thehightemperatureson

commonroofsinsummercanmaketopfloorflatsuncomfortablyhot.Whatismore,theyplayapartinmakingthe

citieshotterthanthecountrysidearoundthem,causingthe“urbanheat-islandeffect”.Onagreenroof,however,with

itsplantsandwater,temperatureschangeonlyalittle,astheydoinapark.Thiscangreatlycutthecostsofheating

andcoolinginthebuildingbelow.

Also,agreenrooftakesinrainwater,andprotectsthecitydrainagesystem（排水系統(tǒng)）.Andsmall

animalsandbirdscanmaketheirhomesonit.Thankstothis,thecitymaybecomepartofnature,ratherthan

somethingcompletelyseparatefromit.

Whilethecostofbuildingsuchasroofcanstillbehigher,itcanbecheaperinthelongtermasaresultofenergy

savings.Andwouldn'titbewonderfultobeabletowalkoutintoagardenhighabovethecity'snoiseandtraffic,

whetheryou'reatschoolorinanofficeorjustathomeinaten-floorblock?

1.WiththeexampleofAugustenborgBotanicalGarden,thewriterwantstoexplain.

A.whatagreenroofislikeB.howwildlifeisprotected

C.whattodowithaspareroofD.howtoorganizeagoodpark

2.Theunderlinedword“moderate“inParagraph3istheclosestinmeaningto"

A.raiseB.checkC.controlD.record

3.WhichofthefollowingisthebestsentencetofillintheblankinParagraph4?

A.Acommonroofisnoisy.B.Agreenroofisalive.

C.Agreenroofstopspollution.D.Acommonroofincreasesthecost.

4.Thepurposeofthepassageisto.

A.introducethechangeofgreenroofsB.solvetheproblemswithgreenroofs

C.showtheamazingbeautyofgreenroofsD.describetheadvantages（優(yōu)點）ofgreenroofs

02

（2023?遼寧朝陽?統(tǒng)考中考真題）ChineseresearchersreachedthetopofQomolangmaonMay4,2022.They

setuptheworld,shighestautomatic（自動的）weatherstationatanaltitude（海拔）of8,830meters.Thishelpsthem

tostudytheinfluencesofclimatechangeontheenvironment.

Itisthehighestautomaticweatherstationintheworldnow.Ithastakentheplaceofthestationsittingatan

altitudeof8,430metersonthesouthsideofthemountain,whichisthesecondhighestnow.ThisallowsChinese

scientiststodirectlycollectdata（數據）forthefirsttimefromthetopoftheworld'shighestmountain.

CollectingandstudyingdatafromQomolangmaisnoteasy.Butthedatawillgivevaluableinformationabout

theconditionoflocalglaciers（冰J||）andmountainsnow.Itwillalsohelpscientistsstudyandunderstandtheglobal

monsoon（季風）system,soexpertscanmakeproperdecisionsaboutclimatechange.

YaoTandong,afamousexpert,saidChinesescientistshadsetupeightweatherstationsfrom5,200to8,830

metersabovesealevel.Halfofthestationsweresetupatanaltitudehigherthan7,000meters."'Alongwithstrong

governmentsupportandhardworkbyscientists,Chinahasbecomeaglobalfront-runnerinfieldssuchasclimate

change.^^Yaosaid.

5.Whatisthealtitudeofthehighestautomaticweatherstation?

A.5,200meters.B,7,000meters.

C.8,430meters.D.8,830meters.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"refbrto（指代）inParagraph3?

A.ReachingthetopofQomolangma.B.Theinfluencesofclimatechange.

C.ThedatafromQomolangma.D.Thehighestautomaticweatherstation.

7.Howmanyweatherstationsweresetupatanaltitudehigherthan7,000meters?

A.Two.B.Four.C.Six.D.Eight.

8.Whichstatement（陳述）isNOTrightaccordingtothepassage?

A.ChinesescientistscandirectlycollectdatafromthetopofQomolangmanow.

B.ItishardtocollectandstudydatafromQomolangma.

C.Thesecondhighestweatherstationisonthenorthsideofthemountain.

D.Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinfieldssuchasclimatechange.

9.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwefindthepassage?

A.Science.B.Sports.C.Travel.D.Health.

03

（2022秋?山東濟寧?九年級統(tǒng)考期末）Musicplaysanimportantroleinthelivesofpeopleallovertheworld.

Thatiswhymanywonderwhatinfluencestheirtastesinmusic.Couldyourmusiclistshowsomethingaboutyour

personality?

OnestudybyHeriot-WaltUniversityofferedapossibleanswerbyanexperiment.Herearetheresultsitfound:

PopMusic.Fansoftop40pophitsarelikelytobeoutgoingandhonest.Whilepopmusicloversarehard-

workingandhavehighself-esteem（自尊）,researcherssuggestthattheymaybelesscreativeandeasytogetworried.

RaporHip-HopMusic.Peopleusuallybelievethatraploversaremoreaggressive（好爭斗的）,butresearchers

havefoundnosuchconnection.Theysayrapfansarelikelytohavehighself-esteemandareusuallyoutgoing.

RockorHeavyMetalMusic.Althoughsometimesrockorheavymetalmusicseemsaggressive,researchers

foundthatfansofthisstyleofmusicareusuallyquitegentle.Theycanbecreative,butareoftenshyandhavelow

self-esteem.

ClassicalMusic.Classicalmusicloversaretypicallyshyerbutalsofeelcomfortablewiththemselvesandthe

worldaroundthem.Theyarecreativeandhaveagoodsenseofself-esteem.

Thoughpersonalityalonedoesnotexplainmusicalpreferences,thisexperimenthelpsyouknowyourselfand

othersbetter.

10.Whafsthepurposeofthestudy?

A.Toknowwhatkindofmusicpeoplelikemost.

B.Totellpeopletheimportanceoflisteningtomusic.

C.Toshowpeoplewhichkindofmusictheyshouldlistento.

D.Totesttherelationshipbetweenaperson'spersonalityandhisorhermusiclist.

11.Howmightaperson'spersonalitybeifheorsheisafanofpopmusic?

A.Quietandshy.B.Seriousandstrict.

C.Friendlyandpolite.D.Outgoingandhonest.

12.WhatkindofmusicdoesMrs.Greenlikelisteningtoifshefeelsrelaxedabouttheworldaroundher?

A.Popmusic.B.Rockmusic.C.Classicalmusic.D.Rapmusic.

13.Whafsthebesttitleforthetext?

A.MusicandhobbyB.Musicandpersonality

C.FansandmusicD.Researchersandmusic

04

（2022秋?湖北襄陽?九年級統(tǒng)考期中）Mybloodtype（血型）isAB,whichonly7percentofChinesehave.I

alwaysthoughtitmademespecial,eventhoughIhadnorealreasontobelievethat.ButinJapan,bloodtypeisused

todecideone'spersonality（性格）.

Therearefourmainbloodgroups:O,A,BandAB.Nowlefsseewhatyourbloodtypesaysaboutyour

personality.

TypeO

Youarepopularandalwaysseemtobethecenterofinterest.Suitable（合適的）jobs:banker,professional

basketballplayer...

TypeA

TypeApeoplemayseemcoolontheoutside,butinside,youarefilledwithworry.Youareshy.Youaregood

listeners.Suitablejobs:writer,computerprogrammer...

TypeB

Youareoutgoingandattractive.Youarehard-workingandgoodatreadingpeople.TypeBpeoplearethe

mostpractical（務實的）.Suitablejobs:cook,reporter...

TypeAB

TypeABpeopleoftenhavethepersonalitiesofbothtypeAandtypeBpeople.Youareoftenspecial,pleasant

andeasytogetalongwith.Usuallyyouliketohelpothers.Suitablejobs:teacher,socialworker...

Weallliketoknowthingsaboutourselves,andbloodtypeisjustanotherfunwaytounderstandwhywedo

somethings.Justhavefunwithit.

14.Bloodtypeisusedtodecideone'spersonalityin.

A.JapanB.theUSAC.theUKD.India

15.Areporterwouldbeagoodjobforpeople.

A.typeOB.typeABC.typeAD.typeB

16.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthatbloodtypeisusedtodecideone'spersonality?

A.Ifsreallytrue.B.Justhavefunwithit.

C.Maybewecantakesomeadvicetofindajob.D.Believeitornot,itdependsonyourself.

05

（2022秋?河南洛陽?九年級統(tǒng)考期中）Haveyoueverbeenangryatsomeonewhenyouwerehungry?Ifso,

you'veexperienced“hangry（餓怒）“一somepeoplegetangryeasilyastheyarehungry.Thereasonforthisliesin

whathappensinsideyourbodywhenitneedsfood.

Everythingyoueatwouldbechangedintodifferentkindsofnutrients（營養(yǎng)物質）inyourbody.Thesenutrients

wouldenteryourbloodandbepassedtoeverypartofyourbodyandbeusedforcreatingenergy.Astimepassesafter

yourlastmeal,thesenutrientsinyourblooddrop.Also,yourbloodglucose（血糖）drops.Unlikeotherpartsinyour

body,yourbraintotallydependsonbloodglucosetodoitsjob.You'veprobablyalreadynoticedthatsimplethings

canbecomedifficultwhenyouarehungryandyourbloodglucoselevelsdrop.Youmayfindithardtopayattention.

Forexample,youmaymakesillymistakesinyourstudyandhomework.Youmightalsohavenoticedthatyoucan't

evenspeakclearlywhenyou'retoohungry.

Anotherthingthathappenswhenyou'rehungryisbehavingimpolitelyandcan'tcontrolyourself,suchas

snappingatothers.Inthatcase,eventhoughyoumayalreadytryyourbesttoavoidconflict（沖突）withimportant

friends,youmaystillbetooangrytocontrolyourselfwhenyouarestayingwiththepeopleyouaremostrelaxed

with.Thafswhyyoumayfindyourselfbeingimpatientwithyourparentsorfriends.

Sowhatshouldwedotoavoidbeinghangry?Theeasiestwayistoeatsomethingbeforeyougettoohungry.

Thebestchoiceistohavesomenutrient-richandnaturalfoodsthathelpdealwithhungerquicklyandcanbekept

inourbodyaslongaspossible,butnotfastfood.Thefinalwayistosuggestthatdifficultsituationsshouldbedealt

withafterameal,notbefore.

17.Whendoes"hangry“usuallyhappen?

A.Whenthebodyneedsfood.

B.Whennutrientsenteryourbody.

C.Whenthebloodglucoselevelsdrop.

D.Whenifshardforyoutopayattention.

18.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords'"snappingat“meaninChinese?

A.稱贊B.呵斥C.嘲笑D.幫助

19.Whichparagraphstelltheinfluenceofbeinghangry?

A.①②B.②③C.③④D.④⑤

20.Whichisoneofthewaystodealwithhunger?

A.Eatsomethingafteryougettoohungry.

B.Staywithpeopleyouaremostrelaxedwith.

C.Dealwithdifficultsituationsaftermeals.

D.Eatalittlejunkfoodbeforeyouarehungry.

21.Whoisthetextwrittenfor?

A.Doctors.B.Teachers.C.Parent.D.Students.

06

（2022秋?山東范澤?九年級統(tǒng)考期中）Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhyyouarethewayyouare?Andwhat

doesyourpersonality（1生格）connectwith?Recentresearchhasshowedthattheposition（位置）inwhichweare

borninourfamilyplaysaveryimportantroleinformingpersonality.

Theeldestchild

Beingtheonlychild,theeldestenjoysalltheirparents5attention.However,newparentsusuallyexpecttosee

theirchilddowell.Andtheeldestchildtriestomeettheseexpectations.Asaresult,theeldestchildrenareusually

politeandtraditional.Theproblemscomewiththebirthofanotherchild.Suddenlytheattentionthey'reusedto

receivingbecomesweaker.Then,theydon'tfeelsafeandwilltrytodoalltheycantomaketheirparentshappy.

Thesecondchild

Thesecondchildhasnoexperienceoflifewithoutabrotherorsister,sotheyneverknowhowtheirbrothersor

sistersfeelwhentheysuddenlyhavetosharetheattention.Thesecondchildrenareoftenmoreoutgoingandalways

lookingforwaystogetattention.Oneofthemostcommonwaystoachievethisisbymakingpeoplelaughandthe

secondchildrenareoftenthejokersofthefamily.Again,problemscanappearwhenanotherbabyarrives.Suddenly,

thesecondchildbecomesthemiddlechildandmayloseaclearsense（意識）ofwheretheyare.

Thethirdchild

Withthebirthoftheirthirdbaby,parentswilloftenfeelthisistheirlastchancetobringupachild.Thismeans

theyoungestchild,moreoftenthannot,isspoilt（溺爰）withattentionandlove.Thiscanleadthemtobeveryself-

centered,believingthattheworldmovesaroundthem.Theyarealwaystreatedasthe"baby"ofthefamilysothey

don'tdoaswellastheycoulddo.Theylikedoingthingsinunexpectedways,sotheyarealsolikelytobecreative.

22.Whatinfluencespeople'spersonalityaccordingtothetext?

A.Birthplace.B.Birthweight.C.Birthorder.

23.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtcthey^^refertointhetext?

A.Theeldestchildren.B.Thesecondchildren.C.Theparents.

24.Comparedtothefirstchild,thesecondchildisaccordingtothetext.

A.morepoliteandtraditional

B.morehumorousandoutgoing

C.morecreativeandconfident

25.Accordingtothetext,ifTomthinksmainlyabouthimselfandalwayshasnewideas,hemightbe.

A.theeldestchildB.thesecondchildC.thethirdchild

07

（2022秋?山東荷澤?九年級統(tǒng)考期中）

Itissaidthatteacanimprovecreativepower（力量）oftheliterary（文學的）artistsinancientChina.

AccordingtoLuYu'sChaJing,tea-drinkinginChinacanbetracedback（追溯）totheZhouDynasty-teawas

discoveredbyShenNongandbecamepopularasadrinkintheStateofLubecauseofZhouGong.

Tea-drinkinginChinahasalonghistoryoffourthousandyears.Asthelegend（傳說）hasit,ShenNongtasted

hundredsofwildplantsinordertopreventpeoplefromeatingthepoisonousplants.Itissaidthathewasonce

poisonedbutwassavedbyeatingsomeleavesofanevergreen（常青的）plantwithwhiteflowers.Later,peoplecalled

theleavesthatsavedhislife"cha”.

Inmoderntimes,peoplestillkeeptea-drinkingasoneoftheireverydayactivities.Accordingtothestudy,tea

canalsoinfluencesomemodernillnesses.Tothosewhohavetoworkwithcomputersforalongtime,drinkingtea

canhelpthemtorecreateanewbalance（平衡）intheirbodies.Andtothoseoldpeople,drinkingteaisalsoagood

waytomakethemhavealongerlife.

26.Tea-drinkinginChinacanbetracedbackto.

A.theZhouDynastyB.theXiaDynastyC.theTangDynasty

27.Theunderlinedword“poisonous-inthepassagemeans""inChinese.

A.供飲用的B.美味的C.有毒的

28.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellus?

A.Thebirthoftea.

B.Teabecamepopular.

C.ShenNongwasoncepoisoned.

29.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.TeacanimprovecreativepowerofthecomputerworkersinancientChina.

B.TeabecamepopularasadrinkintheStateofLubecauseofZhouGong.

C.Peopledon'tkeeptea-drinkingasoneoftheireverydayactivities.

30.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.ThelegendofShenNong.

B.Thehistoryoftea-drinkinginChina.

C.Teacaninfluencesomemodernillnesses.

參考答案：

1.A2.C3.B4,D

【導語】本文講述介紹了綠色屋頂，并介紹了其好處。

1,細節(jié)理解題。根據"Itliesontheroofs（屋頂）ofindustrialandofficebuildingsinthecityofMalmoinSweden."

可知，此處是解釋綠色屋頂是什么樣子的，故選A。

2.詞義猜測題。根據“Onagreenroof,however,withitsplantsandwater,temperatureschangeonlyalittle”可知，

在有植物和水的綠色屋頂上，溫度變化很小，所以它能幫助調節(jié)溫度，故劃線部分和control意義相近。故

選C。

3,推理判斷題。根據"Andsmallanimalsandbirdscanmaketheirhomesonit,“可知，小動物和鳥類可以在上

面安家，所以此處是綠色的屋頂是有生命的，選項B“綠色屋頂是有生命的”符合語境。故選B。

4.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹綠色屋頂及好處，選項D“描述綠色屋頂的優(yōu)點”符合主題，故選Do

5.D6.C7.B8.C9.A

【導語】本文主要介紹了在珠穆朗瑪峰頂部設立的世界最高的自動氣象站的情況。

5,細節(jié)理解題。根據“Theysetuptheworld'shighestautomatic（自動的）weatherstationatanaltitude（海拔）of

8,830meters.”可知，他們在海拔8830米的地方建立了世界上最高的自動氣象站。故選D。

6.代詞指代題。根據"Butthedatawillgivevaluableinformationabouttheconditionoflocalglaciers（冰J||）and

mountainsnow.Itwillalsohelpscientistsstudyandunderstandtheglobalmonsoon（季風）system,soexpertscan

makeproperdecisionsaboutclimatechange.”可知，這些數據將提供有關當地冰J11和高山積雪狀況的寶貴信息。

它還將幫助科學家研究和了解全球季風系統(tǒng)，這樣專家們就可以對氣候變化做出正確的決定。此處It指的

是“這些數據“，故選Co

7.細節(jié)理解題。根據“YaoTandong,afamousexpert,saidChinesescientistshadsetupeightweatherstationsfrom

5,200to8,830metersabovesealevel.Halfofthestationsweresetupatanaltitudehigherthan7,000meters.“可知,

中國科學家已經在海拔5200米到8830米的地方建立了8個氣象站，一半的觀測站建立在海拔7000米以上

的地方，所以是有4個氣象站超過7000米。故選B。

8.推理判斷題。根據"Itisthehighestautomaticweatherstationintheworldnow.Ithastakentheplaceofthe

stationsittingatanaltitudeof8,430metersonthesouthsideofthemountain,whichisthesecondhighestnow.“可

知，它是目前世界上海拔最高的自動氣象站，它取代了位于珠峰南側海拔8430米的氣象站，這是目前海拔

第二高的氣象站。選項C“第二高的氣象站在山的北側”表述錯誤，故選C。

9.推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了在珠穆朗瑪峰頂部設立的世界最高的自動氣象站的情況，推測可能在科學

版塊看到這篇文章，故選A。

10.D11.D12.C13,B

【導語】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要講述了音樂偏好和性格之間的關系，并通過實驗得出了不同的音樂類

型和其對應的性格特點。

10.推理判斷題。根據"Couldyourmusiclistshowsomethingaboutyourpersonality?”和全文可知，本文主要和

音樂偏好和性格之間的關系有關，由此可知這個研究的目的是測試一個人的性格和他或她的音樂列表之間

的關系。故選D。

11.細節(jié)理解題。根據“Fansoftop40pophitsarelikelytobeoutgoingandhonest.”可知，前40名流行歌曲的

粉絲通常都很外向和誠實。故選D。

12.細節(jié)理解題。根據“Classicalmusicloversaretypicallyshyerbutalsofeelcomfortablewiththemselvesandthe

worldaroundthem.”可知，古典音樂愛好者對自己和周圍的世界感到舒適，所以Mrs.Green應該喜歡聽古典

音樂。故選C。

13.最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了音樂偏好和性格之間的關系，并通過實驗得出了不同的音

樂類型和其對應的性格特點。最佳標題應是選項B“音樂和性格二故選B。

14.A15.D16,B

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四種血型以及具有該血型人的性格特點，適合從事的工作等。

作者認為血型只是另一種有趣的方式來幫助我們了解自己。

14.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段“ButinJapan,bloodtypeisusedtodecideone'spersonality.”可知，在日本，

血型可以用來決定一個人的性格。故選A。

15.細節(jié)理解題。根據TypeB表格中“Suitablejobs:cook,reporter…”可知，B型血的人適合做廚師，當記者。

故選D。

16.觀點態(tài)度題。根據文章最后一段“Weallliketoknowthingsaboutourselves,andbloodtypeisjustanother

fonwaytounderstandwhywedosomethings.”可知，作者認為血型只是另一種有趣的方式來理解我們?yōu)槭裁?/p>

做一些事情。選項B“Justhavefunwithit.”符合語境。故選Bo

17.A18.B19.B20.C21,D

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人們在饑餓時容易發(fā)怒的原因，以及這種現(xiàn)象對人們日常生活的影

響和人們的處理方法。

17.細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段”[fso,you、eexperienced...whenitneedsfood.”可知可知情況通常發(fā)生在饑餓的

時候，也就是身體需要食物的時候。故選A。

18.詞義猜測題。根據第二段“Anotherthingthathappens…snappingatothers."可知當你饑餓的時候,行為可能

會不禮貌，你無法控制自己，會對別人大喊大叫。選項B“呵斥”表示出發(fā)生了沖突。故選B。

19.細節(jié)理解題。文章第一