艾滋病病毒主講老師：王利沙HIVWeifangNursingVocationalCollege濰坊護理職業學院艾滋病病毒HIV李某，45歲，自感嗜睡、盜汗、乏力、氣促半年，最近加重伴咳嗽15天，持續發熱、胸痛胸悶，伴有明顯體重下降。體檢：頸部、耳后淋巴結腫大，出現口腔白斑。胸部CT提示：雙肺可疑絮狀模糊陰影；實驗室檢查：WBC7.67×109/L；HIV抗體陽性。診斷為：艾滋病。

案例

CaseLi,45yearsold,hasbeenexperiencingdrowsiness,nightsweats,fatigue,andshortnessofbreathforsixmonths.Recently,hehasbeenworseningwithcoughfor15days,persistentfever,chestpain,andsignificantweightloss.Physicalexamination:Enlargementoflymphnodesintheneckandbehindtheears,andappearanceoforalleukoplakia.ChestCTscanshowssuspiciousfuzzyopacitiesinbothlungs;Laboratorytest:WBC7.67×109/L;HIVantibodypositive.Thediagnosiswas:AIDS.請問：Excuseme：1.艾滋病人有哪些典型的臨床表現？1.Whatdiseaseisthepatientmostlikelytohave?2.HIV感染的主要途徑有哪些？2.Whatisthecauseofthisdisease?超級癌癥：艾滋病

SuperCancer:AIDS艾滋病病毒HIV引起AIDS的病原體是人類免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）。

ThepathogenthatcausesAIDSisthehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV).“超級癌癥”之稱，其潛伏期長、傳播速度快、病情兇險、致死率高。

Knownas"supercancer",ithasalongincubationperiod,fasttransmission

speed,

dangerouscondition,andhighmortalityrate.為提高人們對艾滋病的認識，WHO將每年的12月1日定為世界艾滋病日。

Inordertoraisepeople'sawarenessofAIDS,WHOhasdesignated

December1every

yearasWorldAIDSDay.01生物學性狀Biologicaltraits生物學性狀Biologicaltraits形態與結構

Morphologicalstructure中等大小球形顆粒Mediumsizedsphericalparticles核心為RNA.ThecoreisRNA有包膜Thereisacapsule生物學性狀Biologicaltraits形態與結構

Morphologicalstructure體外培養：僅感染表面有CD4分子的T細胞和巨噬細胞。Invitroculture:onlyinfectTcellsandmacrophageswithCD4moleculesontheirsurface.實驗培養：實驗室常用新鮮分離的正常人T細胞或用患者自身分離的T細胞培養病毒。黑猩猩和恒河猴可作為HIV感染的動物模型，但其感染過程和癥狀與人不同。Experimentalcultivation:ThelaboratorycommonlyusesfreshlyisolatednormalhumanTcellsorviruscultivationusingTcellsisolated

frompatientsthemselves.ChimpanzeesandrhesusmonkeyscanserveasanimalmodelsforHIVinfection,buttheirinfectionprocessandsymptomsaredifferentfromthoseofhumans.生物學性狀Biologicaltraits抵抗力

ResistanceabilityHIV抵抗力較弱WeakHIVresistance對化學消毒劑敏感Sensitivetochemicaldisinfectants對熱敏感，56℃加熱30min即被滅活，在室溫下可存活7天。Sensitivetoheat,itcanbeinactivatedbyheatingat56℃for30minutesandcansurvivefor7daysatroomtemperature.對紫外線、γ射線有較強的抵抗力。Hasstrongresistancetoultravioletandgammarays.02致病性Pathogenicity致病性Pathogenicity傳播源

SourceofdisseminationHIV攜帶者和艾滋病患者PeoplelivingwithHIVandAIDS致病性Pathogenicity傳播途徑

Routeoftransmission性接觸

Sexualcontact血液傳播

Bloodtransmission垂直傳播

verticaltransmission致病性Pathogenicity致病機制

PathogenesisHIV攻擊CD4+T淋巴細胞HIVattacksCD4+Tlymphocytes細胞免疫和體液免疫降低Reducedcellularandhumoralimmunity機會感染和惡性腫瘤Opportunisticinfectionsandmalignanttumors致病性Pathogenicity臨床表現

Clinicalmanifestation急性期：HIV在靶細胞內大量復制，形成病毒血癥，并廣泛播散。

Acutephase:HIVreplicatesextensivelyintargetcells,formingviremiaand

spreadingwidely.潛伏期（無癥狀期）：持續6個月到10年或更長，患者的血液及體液均具有傳染性。

Incubationperiod(asymptomaticperiod):lastsfor6monthsto10years

orlonger,andthepatient's

bloodandbodyfluidsareinfectious.致病性Pathogenicity臨床表現

ClinicalmanifestationAIDS相關綜合征期：潛伏的病毒被激活再次大量增殖，導致免疫損傷，出現臨床癥狀。AIDSrelatedsyndromephase:Thelatentvirusisactivatedandproliferatesagain,leadingtoimmunedamageandclinicalsymptoms.典型AIDS期：出現嚴重免疫缺陷、機會性感染、惡性腫瘤、全身癥狀等。TypicalAIDSstage:severeimmunedeficiency,opportunisticinfections,

malignanttumors,systemicsymptoms,etc.03防治原則Preventionandcontrolprinciples防治原則Preventionandcontrolprinciples進行廣泛宣傳教育，普及AIDS預防知識;CarryoutextensivepublicityandeducationtopopularizeknowledgeofAIDSprevention;建立HIV感染和AIDS的監測網絡，控制疾病的流行蔓延;EstablishamonitoringnetworkforHIVinfectionandAIDStocontrolthespreadofthedisease;防治原則Preventionandcontrolprinciples對供血者進行HIV檢測，確保輸血和血液制品安全;ConductHIVtestingonblooddonorstoensurethesafetyofbloodtransfusionsandbloodproducts;抵制吸毒、性濫