輸電線路自動重合閘的作用、分類和基本要求

TheRole,ClassificationandBasicRequirementsofAutomaticReclosingofTransmissionLines繼電保護運行與調試

RelayProtectionOperationandCommissioning讓我們帶著問題開始……

Let'sstartwithquestions......1、輸電線路的瞬時性故障和永久性故障主要有哪些？

1.Whatarethemaintransientfaultsandpermanentfaultsoftransmissionlines?2、什么是自動重合閘？

2.Whatistheautomaticreclosing?3、自動重合閘裝置有哪些作用？

3.Whatarethefunctionsofautomaticreclosingdevice?4、當重合于永久性故障時，自動重合閘裝置有哪些不利影響？

4.Whatarethedetrimentaleffectsofanautomaticreclosingdevicewhenreclosingonapermanentfault?5、自動重合閘裝置有哪些分類？

5.Whataretheclassificationsofautomaticreclosingdevices?6、自動重合閘裝置的基本要求是什么？

6.Whatarethebasicrequirementsoftheautomaticreclosingdevice?1.瞬時性故障VS永久性故障

1.Transientvs.permanentfaults輸電線路（特別是架空線路）是發生故障幾率最多的元件。

Transmissionlines(especiallyoverheadlines)arethecomponentswiththehighestchanceoffailure.在輸電線路的故障中，約有90%以上是瞬時性故障。

About90%ormoreofthefaultsintransmissionlinesaretransientfaults.線路對樹枝放電

Linedischargesagainsttreebranches由雷電引起的絕緣子表面閃絡

Insulatorsurfaceflashovercausedbylightning鳥害或樹枝等物掉落在導線上引起的短路

Shortcircuitscausedbybirds,insects,treebranchesorotherobjectsfallingontheconductor大風引起的碰線

Linetouchingcausedbyhighwinds

線路倒桿

Electriclinepolefallingdown斷線

Brokenline絕緣子擊穿或損壞

Insulatorbreakdownordamage永久性故障

Permanentfaults2.自動重合閘裝置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice把因故障而跳開的斷路器自動重新投入的一種裝置稱為自動重合閘，簡稱為ARD（ZCH）。

Adevicethatautomaticallyre-engagesacircuitbreakertrippedduetoafaultiscalledanautomaticreclosingdevice,orARD(ZCH)forshort.對于瞬時性故障，如在線路故障被斷開以后，把斷開的斷路器再次合上，就能恢復供電，從而減少停電時間，提高供電可靠性。

Fortransientfaults,(forexample,afteralinehasbeendisconnectedduetoafault,powercanberestoredbyclosingthedisconnectedcircuitbreakeragain),theautomaticreclosingdevicereducesoutagetimeandimprovespowersupplyreliability.瞬時性故障→重合成功

Transientfault→successfulreclosing永久性故障→重合不成功

Permanentfault→unsuccessfulreclosing資料表明：成功率在60%~90%之間

Datashowthatthesuccessrateisbetween60%and90%.2.自動重合閘裝置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice

如圖所示饋線，正常時負荷得電，正常工作，如果此時輸電線路上發生瞬時性故障。

Inthefeedershowninthefigure,theloadisenergizedandoperatesnormally.電源

Powersupply母線

Busbar斷路器

Circuitbreaker電流

Current互感器

Instrumenttransformer故障電流

Faultcurrent故障

Fault饋線

Feeder負荷

Load電壓互感器

Voltagetransformer保護裝置

Protectivedevice跳閘命令

Trippingcommand跳閘

Tripping斷路器操動機構

Circuitbreakeroperatingmechanism2.自動重合閘裝置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice保護裝置動作，跳開斷路器，負荷失電。Theprotectivedeviceoperatesandtripsthecircuitbreaker,andthentheloadlosespower.電源

Powersupply母線

Busbar斷路器

Circuitbreaker電流

Current互感器

Instrumenttransformer饋線

Feeder跳閘

Tripping電壓互感器

Voltagetransformer保護裝置

Protectivedevice跳閘命令

Trippingcommand斷路器操動機構

Circuitbreakeroperatingmechanism2.自動重合閘裝置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice經一定延時后，重合閘裝置動作，發出合閘命令Afteracertaindelaytime,thereclosingdeviceoperatestoissueaclosingcommand重合閘裝置

Reclosingdevice

合閘命令

Closingcommand電源

Powersupply母線

Busbar斷路器

Circuitbreaker饋線

Feeder2.自動重合閘裝置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice斷路器閉合，此時故障已消失，線路恢復供電，負荷重新得電。

Thecircuitbreakercloses,atwhichtimethefaulthasdisappeared,thepowersupplytothelineisresumed,andtheloadisre-energized.

合閘命令

Closingcommand電源

Powersupply母線

Busbar斷路器

Circuitbreaker饋線

Feeder負荷

Load3.自動重合閘裝置的作用

3.Roleofautomaticreclosingdevice01提高供電可靠性

01Improvepowersupplyreliability02加快事故后電力系統電壓恢復速度

02Acceleratethepowersystemvoltagerecoveryafteranaccident03彌補輸電線路耐雷水平降低的影響

03Compensatefortheimpactofreducedlightningresistanceleveloftransmissionlines.減少線路停電次數，對單側電源的供電線路尤其顯著

Reducethenumberoflineoutages,especiallyforunilateralpowerlines.一次重合成功率60%～70%

Single-shotreclosingsuccessrateof60%to70%二次重合成功率80%～90%

Double-shotreclosingsuccessrateof80%to90%電機未完全制動，自啟動電流小

Smallself-startingcurrentwhenthemotorisnotfullybraked一次重合循環：幾秒

Single-shotreclosingcycle:afewseconds二次重合循環：幾十秒

Double-shotreclosingcycle:tensofseconds線路耐雷水平較低

Lowleveloflinelightningprotection10KV：不裝避雷線

10KV:nooverheadearthingwire35KV：進線段1KM左右裝

35KV:overheadearthingwireisinstalledatabout1KMfromtheincomingline3.自動重合閘裝置的作用

3.Roleofautomaticreclosingdevice04提高系統并列運行的穩定性

04Improvethestabilityofparalleloperationofsystems05節省建設輸電線路投資

05Saveinvestmentintheconstructionoftransmissionlines06對誤跳閘能起糾正作用

06Makecorrectionforfalsetripping聯絡線跳開→功率不平衡→功角δ↑→失步

Interconnectionlinetripped→powerimbalance→powerangleδ↑→out-of-synchronizationP（Q）不足→f↓（U↓）

P(Q)insufficiency→f↓(U↓)P（Q）過?！鷉↑（U↑）

P(Q)excess→f↑(U↑)緩建或不建第二回線

Postponeorevencanceltheconstructionofthesecondloopline誤跳閘：繼保誤動

Falsetripping:falsetrippingofrelayprotectionQF操作機構不良

PoorperformanceofQFoperationmechanism人為誤碰

Intentionalhumantouch4.自動重合閘裝置的不利影響

4.Adverseeffectsofautomaticreclosingdevices使電力系統又一次受到故障的沖擊，可能引起系統震蕩。

Makethepowersystemonceagainsubjecttotheshockofthefault,whichmaycausepowersystemoscillation.使斷路器工作條件惡化，因為在很短時間內斷路器要連續兩次切斷短路電流

Deterioratetheoperatingconditionsofthecircuitbreaker,becausethecircuitbreakerhastocutofftheshort-circuitcurrenttwiceconsecutivelyinaveryshorttime.當重合于永久性故障上時……

Whenreclosingonapermanentfault......空氣斷路器：不受影響

Aircircuitbreaker:notaffected油斷路器：切斷短路電流時，觸頭附近的油要分解和碳化，絕緣性能降低，絕緣性能恢復要一定的時間，同時滅弧室的絕緣油充分交換也需要時間，因此油斷路器重合于永久性故障時的開斷電流要降低一些。

Oilcircuitbreaker:whentheshortcircuitcurrentiscutoff,theoilnearthecontactisdecomposedandcarbonized,theinsulationperformanceoftheoilisreduced,therecoveryoftheinsulationperformancetakesacertaintime,andthefullexchangeoftheinsulatingoilinthearcextinguishingchamberalsotakestime.So,thebreakingcurrentoftheoilcircuitbreakerreclosingonthepermanentfaultshouldbereduced.5.自動重合閘裝置的分類——按功能分類

5.Classificationofautomaticreclosingdevices-byfunction不管是單相接地還是相間短路，跳開三相斷路器，進行三相重合閘。若故障為瞬時性，則重合閘成功，否則保護再次動作，跳開三相斷路器。

Whetheritisasingle-phasegroundoraninterphaseshortcircuit,tripthethree-phasecircuitbreakerandperformathree-phasereclosing.Ifthefaultistransient,thereclosingissuccessful;otherwise,theprotectionoperatesagainandtripsthethree-phasecircuitbreaker.發生單相接地時，跳開故障相斷路器，進行單相重合閘。若故障為瞬時性，則重合閘成功；否則保護再次動作，跳開三相斷路器。

Whensingle-phasegroundingoccurs,tripthefaulty-phasecircuitbreakerandcarryoutsingle-phasereclosing.Ifthefaultistransient,thereclosingissuccessful;otherwise,theprotectionoperatesagainandtripsthethree-phasecircuitbreaker.發生相間短路時，跳開三相斷路器，不進行重合。

Incaseofinterphaseshortcircuit,tripthethree-phasecircuitbreakerwithoutreclosing.只限用于220kV及以上裝有分相操作機構的斷路器的輸電線路。

Itislimitedtopowertransmissionlinesof220kVandaboveequippedwithcircuitbreakerswithsplitphaseoperatingmechanisms.發生單相接地時，跳開故障相斷路器，進行單相重合閘。若故障為瞬時性，則重合閘成功，否則保護再次動作，跳開三相斷路器。

Whensingle-phasegroundingoccurs,tripthefaulty-phasecircuitbreakerandcarryoutsingle-phasereclosing.Ifthefaultistransient,thereclosingissuccessful;otherwise,theprotectionoperatesagainandtripsthethree-phasecircuitbreaker.發生相間短路時，跳開三相斷路器，進行三相重合閘。若故障為瞬時性，則重合閘成功，否則保護再次動作，跳開三相斷路器。

Incaseofinterphaseshortcircuit,tripthethree-phasecircuitbreakerandcarryoutthreephasereclosing.Ifthefaultistransient,thereclosingissuccessful;otherwise,theprotectionoperatesagainandtripsthethree-phasecircuitbreaker.01三相自動重合閘

01Three-phaseautomaticreclosing02單相自動重合閘

02Single-phaseautomaticreclosing03綜合自動重合閘

03Integratedautomaticreclosing5.自動重合閘裝置的分類——其他分類

5.Classificationofautomaticreclosingdevices--Otherclassifications機械式ARD

MechanicalARD電氣式ARD

ElectricalARD晶體管式ARD

TransistorizedARD按構成原理分類

Classificationaccordingtotheprincipleofcomposition一次ARD

One-timeARD二次ARD

Two-timeARD多次ARD

MultipleARD按動作次數

Bynumberofoperations按應用的線路結構分類

Classificationaccordingtothelinestructureofapplication單側電源線路ARD

Unilateral-powerlineARD雙側電源線路ARD

BilateralpowerlinesARD三相快速ARD

Three-phasefastARD非同步ARD

Non-synchronousARD無壓檢定和同步檢定ARD

No-voltageverificationandsynchronousverificationARDs檢查平行線路有電流的ARD

ARDwithcurrentinparallelcircuit解列ARD

DesynchronizedARD自同步ARD

Self-synchronizationARD6.自動重合閘裝置的基本要求

6.Basicrequirementsforautomaticreclosingdevices重合閘的啟動方式：事故跳閘時，ARD啟動；正常跳閘時，ARD閉鎖。為了區別事故跳閘和正常跳閘，有以下兩種啟動方式。

Startingmethodofreclosing:Incaseofaccidentaltripping,ARDisstarted;incaseofnormaltripping,ARDisblocked.Inordertodifferentiatebetweenaccidentaltrippingandnormaltripping,therearethefollowingtwostart-upmethods.01

0102

021

12

2不對應啟動方式：控制開關“合后”位置與斷路器“跳后”位置不對應，表明斷路器因保護動作或誤動作而跳閘，ARD啟動。適用于有人值班就地控制的變電所，不適用于遙控線路。

Non-correspondingstartingmode:Thecontrolswitch"afterclosing"positiondoesnotcorrespondtothecircuitbreaker"aftertripping"position,indicatingthatthecircuitbreakeristrippedduetoprotectionoperationormalfunction,andtheARDisactivated.Itisapplicabletothetransformersubstationwhichiscontrolledlocallybythepersononduty,butnotapplicabletothelineofremotecontrol.保護啟動方式：保護動作于斷路器跳閘的同時，ARD啟動。對斷路器誤跳閘不能起糾正作用，適用于遙控場合。

Protectivestartingmode:ARDisstartedwhenthecircuitbreakeristripped.Itcannotplayacorrectiveroleforthecircuitbreakerfalsetripping,andissuitableforremotecontroloccasions.在正常跳閘時，閉鎖ARD。

ARDisblockedduringnormaltripping.1

12

2運行人員手動操作或遙控斷路器斷開時，閉鎖ARD。

ARDisblockedwhenthecircuitbreakeristrippedmanuallyorremotelybytheoperator.當手動投入或自動投入斷路器時，若線路故障，保護跳開，閉鎖ARD。

Whenthecircuitbreakerisengagedmanuallyorautomatically,theprotectionistrippedandARDisblockedifthelineisfaulty.3

3按頻率自動減負荷裝置動作將斷路器斷開時，閉鎖ARD。

TheARDisblockedwhenthecircuitbreakerisdisconnectedbytheoperationoftheautomaticloadsheddingdeviceaccordingtofrequency.4

4母線保護或橋形接線的主變差動保護動作跳閘，因不屬于線路故障，閉鎖ARD。

Fortrippingduetothemaintransformerdifferentialprotectionoperationofthebusbarprotectionorbridgeconnection,theARDdeviceisblockedbecauseitisnotalinefault.6.自動重合閘裝置的基本要求

6.Basicrequirementsforautomaticreclosingdevices動作時間應盡可能短些：保護動作切除故障后，在滿足故障點絕緣恢復及斷路器操作機構已準備好重合的條件下，ARD應盡快發出重合閘脈沖，以縮短停電時間。

Theoperationtimeshallbeasshortaspossible:Aftertheprotectionoperationisolatesthefault,undertheconditionthattheinsulationrecoveryatthefaultpointissatisfiedandthecircuitbreakeroperatingmechanismisreadytoreclose,ARDshouldissuereclosingpulseassoonaspossibletoshortenthepoweroutagetime.03

0304

04動作次數應符合預先的規定

Thenumberofoperationsshallbeasrequired.05

05應與繼電保護配合：有可能在重合閘以前或以后加速繼電保護的動作，加速故障的切除。

Itshallcooperatewithrelayprotection:Itispossibletoacceleratetheop