UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGE(一)分類識記單詞——用時少·功效高識記單詞寫對Ⅰ.知其意1．adversityn.________________2．expeditionn.________________3．vigourn.________________4．cupboardn.________________5．stewardn.________________6．stoven.________________7．miserableadj.________________8．cosyadj.________________9．barkvi.&n.________________10．rugbyn.________________11．batn.________________vi.&vt.________________12．nephewn.________________13．corporateadj.________________14．motorn.________________adj.________________Ⅱ.寫其形1．___________n．工資2．___________adv.&prep.上(船、飛機、公共汽車等)3．___________n．毯子4．___________n．[pl.]財物；動產5．___________n.&vi.航海；航行6．___________n．海軍；海軍部隊7．___________adj.脾氣好的/壞的8．___________adj.真正的；真誠的；可信任的9．___________n．(輪船、飛機等上面的)全體工作人員；專業團隊；一群人10．___________adj.深化的；徹底的；細致的11．___________n．消遣；消遣；嬉戲12．___________adj.洶涌的；粗糙的；粗略的13．___________n．動機；緣由；目的14．___________n．候選人；應試者15．___________adj.潮濕的；濕氣重的核心單詞練通1．Friendsarenotbooks,yetbooksarefriends.Friendsmaybetrayyou,whilebooksarealways________(忠誠的).2．WhenMaryconductedtheeveningpartyonthestage,hercolleagueslookedatherwith________(艷羨).3．Shedidthecleaningandwipedawaythedustfromallthe________(家具)thewholemorning.4．ThereisafamoussayingbasedonChinesephilosophy：“________(味苦的)pillsmayhaveblessedeffects.”5．Underthe__________(指導)ofourteacher，wefinishedtheexperimentperfectly.6．Hurryup!Weneedtogettothetopofthemountainbeforethesun________(下沉)inthewest.拓展單詞用活Ⅰ.記全記牢1．qualifyvt.(使)具有資格；(使)合格→________adj.符合資格→________n．資格；資格證書2．endurevt.忍耐；容忍→________n．忍耐力；耐久力3．enthusiasticadj.熱忱的；熱心的→________adv.熱心地→________n．熱心；熱忱4．assignvt.分派；布置；安排→________n．安排；任務5．abandonvt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄；沉迷于→________adj.被拋棄的；無約束的6．selfishadj.自私的→________adv.自私地→________n.自私自利7．perseverevi.堅持；孜孜以求→________n．毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神8．resolvevi.&vt.確定；決心；解決(問題或困難)n．決心；堅決的信念→________n．決議；解決；堅決9．fortunen．財寶；命運；運氣→________adj.不幸的→________adv.不幸地；缺憾地10．advertisevt.&vi.公布；宣揚；做廣告→________n．廣告活動；廣告業→________n．廣告11．crueladj.殘酷的；殘忍的→________n．殘忍；殘酷12．commitvt.犯(錯誤、罪行等)vi.&vt.(使)擔當義務；(使)作出保證→________adj.不遺余力的；堅決的→________n．承諾；保證；奉獻Ⅱ.用準用活1．TodayIamas________aboutmyjobasthefirstdayandmy________enablesmetotreatmyjob________．(enthusiastic)2．________，hereceivedalarge________fromhisunclewhoiswarm-heartedandgenerous.(fortunate)3．He________himselftoworkingdayandnight.His________wonhimagreatreputation.(commit)4．Hehaseducational________andhenceheiswell________forthejobasatutor.(qualify)5．①Iwouldliketoapplyforthepositionwhich____________(advertise)inyesterday'snewspaper.②Havingstruggledtofindajobformonths，Maryfinallytookapositionatalocal________(advertise)agency.③IfIhadseenthe________(advertise)intimeIwouldhaveappliedforthejob.6．This________boywas________himselftotakingdrugs.(abandon)7．Itseemsthatwegaveupsomestrengthforgreater________(endure).8．NeverwillZhouYang(ZY)forgethisfirst________(assign)attheofficeofapopularEnglishnewspaper.(二)語境記憶短語——不枯燥·愛好高Ⅰ.記全記牢1．__________________拒絕(某人)2．__________________生火3．__________________放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)4．__________________保持某人昂揚的心情5．__________________使某人振作起來6．__________________對……厭倦的7．__________________回報某人8．__________________困住；陷于9．__________________對……熱忱10．__________________堅持住；等一下；別掛斷Ⅱ.用準用活選用左欄短語填空1．Lastyear，neithertheexpertsnorthephysician______________________thecurefortheseveredisease.2．Theircar________________themud,sotheyhadnochoicebuttowaitforrescue.3．Honestlyspeaking,Ican'timaginewhyshe________________yourkindofferyesterday.4．Idohopeshecan________________andacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!5．Nancyandhersisterpickedsomebranches,________________andprepareddinnerintheopenair.·會積累聯想拓展·1.“旅行”名詞家族①voyage航行；航海②tour(觀光)旅行③travel旅行④journey(長途)旅行⑤trip(短途)旅行；外出⑥outing遠足2.“真誠；誠懇”家族①sincereadj.真誠的sincerelyadv.真誠地②genuineadj.真誠的；真心的genuinelyadv.真誠地；誠懇地③heartyadj.親切的；真誠的；熱誠的④honestadj.誠懇的；正直的3．你會“打電話”嗎？①ringsb.up給某人打電話②callsb.up給某人打電話③givesb.aphone/call/ring給某人打電話④call/ringback回電話⑤holdon別掛斷⑥ringoff/hangup掛斷(三)仿寫用活句式——造佳句·表達高句式背誦句型1Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Well,itsohappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧買了份報紙，看到了這則有關南極探險的招募廣告。句型2if引導虛擬條件句Ifitweren'tforseaanimals,wewouldallstarve.假如沒有海洋動物，我們都會餓死。句型3keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語Ourdisciplineandteamspiritkeptusoptimisticandhelpedusdealwithourfearsinapositiveandsuccessfulway.我們的紀律和團隊精神讓我們保持樂觀，并幫助我們以主動和勝利的方式處理我們的恐驚。句式仿寫1．碰巧我看過賈玲導演的電影，所以我把情節告知了他們。____________________IhadseenthefilmdirectedbyJiaLing,soItoldthemtheplot.2.要不是互聯網，我們不行能這么簡單地保持聯系。____________________，wecouldn'tkeepintouchwitheachothersoeasily.3．你最好每天留出一些時間運動一下以便保持精力充足。Youhadbettersetasidesometimeeverydayforsportssothatyoucan________________．過重難解惑釋疑——先練透再寫美·互動探究1.enthusiasticadj.熱忱的；熱心的(1)beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth.對(做)……熱忱(2)enthusiasmn.熱忱；熱忱lack/befullofenthusiasm缺乏/充溢熱忱withenthusiasm熱忱地(3)enthusiasticallyadv.熱忱地；熱心地[佳句]Iamnotonlyenthusiasticbutalsoeasytogetalongwith，whichmakesmequalifiedforthevoluntaryworkadvertisedinthenewspaper.我不僅熱忱而且簡單相處，這使得我適合報紙上所刊登的志愿者工作。[練透]——單句語法填空①Heisselfishandbad-tempered.Thus，hewillneverbeenthusiastic________helpingthoseintrouble.②[2024·天津3月卷]Althoughexhausting,itgavemeenergy,________(enthusiastic)andhappiness.[寫美]——讀后續寫佳句③[2024·全國卷Ⅰ，讀后續寫]盡管失敗了幾次，伯納德和杰克仍舊熱忱地做爆米花。BernardandJackstillmadepopcorn________________inspiteofseveralfailures.2.aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飛機、公共汽車等)(1)goaboard上船(飛機、火車等)(2)boardvt.&vi.上船(或火車、飛機、公共汽車等)n.木板；董事會；伙食onboard在船(火車或飛機)上(3)broadadj.寬敞的；廣袤的(4)abroadadv.在/到國外；在/到海外goabroad出國[佳句]Theinstanttheyoungcouplewentaboardtheship/boardedtheship，theywereeating，talkingandlaughingloudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.這對年輕夫婦一上船，他們就吃東西，說話，大笑著，似乎他們是這世界上僅存的人。[練透]——補全句子①Hewastall____________(寬寬的肩膀)andabeardandalways________________(面帶微笑).②Accordingtotheairlinerules，wesuggestyou(should)switchoffyourmobilephonebefore________________(登上飛機).[寫美]——應用文之告知信③得知你將去國外深造，我寫信告知你一些必要的留意事項。____________________________________，I'mwritingtoinformyouofsomenecessarydosanddon'ts.3.envyn．&vt.艷羨；嫉妒(1)envysb.sth.艷羨某人有某物envysb.doingsth. 艷羨某人做某事(2)withenvy 艷羨地；嫉妒地outofenvy 出于嫉妒greenwithenvy嫉妒地眼紅[佳句]Honestlyspeaking，IdoenvyyougettingthetitleoftheExcellentGraduateandIshouldfollowyourexample.醇厚說，我真艷羨你獲得了優秀畢業生的稱號，我應當向你學習。[近義]admire[練透]——單句語法填空①Onlyshehasaccesstosuchpreciousresources，which____________(envy)byherfellows.②Allthegirlsatthedancewatchedher________envywhenshedancedwiththeprince.[寫美]——應用文佳句③李明不僅學得快，而且擅長用邏輯思維解決難題，我都有點眼紅了。NotonlyisLiMingquickatlearningbutalsoheisgoodatsolvingtoughproblemswithlogicalmind.________________．4.abandonvt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄(1)abandononeselfto...沉湎于……；盡情于……(to為介詞)abandondoingsth.放棄做某事(2)withabandon放縱地；放任地(3)abandonedadj.被遺棄的；放縱的beabandonedto沉湎于……[佳句]Iwasabouttoabandonhopewhenmyfathercameandencouragedmetokeeptrying.我剛要放棄希望時，爸爸過來激勵我要接著嘗試。[近義]desert,giveup[練透]——單句語法填空①Theyoungmanabandonedhimselfto________(drink)alldaybecauseofhisfailure.②However,lastmonth,theseplans________(abandon)becauseoffinancialproblems.③Tenminuteslater,theyarrivedatthat________(abandon)station.[寫美]——微寫作④感到懊喪，我發覺自己沉湎于玩電腦嬉戲。__________________，Ifoundmyself______________________playingcomputergames.5.guidancen．指導；引導；導航(1)underone'sguidance在某人的指導下provideguidance 供應指導personalguidance 親自指導(2)guidevt. 指導；指引n. 向導[佳句]IdobelieveIamsuitedforthisvoluntaryworkandcanserveasyourguide.[浙江6月，書面表達]我信任我很適合這份志愿工作，并能擔當貴公司的導游。[練透]——單句語法填空①WhenIwasintrouble,heoffered________(guide)tomeonmycareer.②________(guide)bythesun,theywalkedtowardstheirdestinationthroughthewoods.[寫美]——應用文佳句③要是我生活在他的時代，聽從他的教育就好了！IfonlyIhadlivedinhistimesand__________________________！6.resolvevi.&vt.確定；決心；解決(問題或困難)n．決心；堅決的信念(1)resolvetodo...決心做……resolveondoing... 確定做……(2)resolutionn． 決議；解決；堅決makearesolutiontodo... 下定決心做……[佳句]Culturalrelicsrepresentthewisdomofourancestors，soourcountryhasresolvedtosparenoefforttoprotectthem.文化遺產代表我們祖先的才智，因此我們國家確定不遺余力地愛護它們。[指津]“解決；處理”薈萃：①settle;②handle;③dealwith;④attendto[練透]——單句語法填空①Iresolved____________(turn)downhisinvitationbecausemyteacherassignedtoomuchhomework.②Thestewardhas__________(resolve)manyproblemsontheplaneperfectly，soheiscertainlyqualifiedforhisjob.[寫美]——寫作話題之人際溝通③為了解決沖突，我們應當學會多溝通，把自己放在別人的位置上。____________，weshouldlearntocommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers'place.7.turnsb.down拒絕(某人)turnin上交；拐入turnout 結果是；證明是；生產；制造turnover 翻身；移交；轉變turnoff 關掉turnto 向……求助turnup 出現；到場；開大；調高[佳句]Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.上周末湯姆不得不拒絕參與聚會的邀請，因為他太忙了。[練透]——用turn的相關短語填空①[2024·全國卷Ⅰ]He____________theforestdepartmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.②IsincerelyhopeyourtripinChinawill____________amostunforgettableexperienceinlife.[寫美]——應用文佳句③一些聞名的中國藝術家將出席展覽并表演。SomefamousChineseartistswill________________________．8.句型公式：if引導虛擬條件句Ifitweren'tforseaanimals,wewouldallstarve.假如沒有海洋動物，我們都會餓死。虛擬條件句主句與現在事實相反的假設動詞的過去式(be動詞一般用were)would/could/should/might＋動詞原形與過去事實相反的假設had＋過去分詞would/could/should/might＋have＋過去分詞與將來事實相反的假設(1)動詞的過去式(2)wereto＋動詞原形(3)should＋動詞原形would/could/should/might＋動詞原形[佳句]Iftheteachershadn'tgivenmeahand，Iwouldn'thavemadefriendswithmyclassmates.假如老師們沒有幫助我，我就不會和我的同學交摯友了。[練透]——單句語法填空①Ifmybrotherwerehere，everything____________(be)allright.②Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey____________(drive)afewmorekilometers.③Ifit____________________(rain)thisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.[寫美]——應用文佳句④假如我是一名環衛工人，我會讓我們的城市更干凈，街上沒有任何垃圾。________________________withnorubbishlyingonthestreet.●刷題強訓·精題細作●(維度1)詞形轉換1．[2024·全國卷Ⅱ]Usuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthe________(belong).2．Ifyouareseriousaboutourrelationship,youshouldmakea________(commit).3．________(fortunate),theydidn'tseizetheopportunitytofinishthese________(assign)aheadoftime.4．Ittookthecity________(rough)2weekstorestorethegardentoitsformerbeauty.5．Dozensof________(qualify)studentstookpartinthecampaignandpractisedfrequentlyunderthe________(guide)ofsomeexperiencedwritersandteachers.(維度2)固定用法和搭配在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式1．Myheart________(sink)whenIwasinformedthatmymoderatereformsendedupinfailure.2．Overthepastdecade,aglobalpushtoreducehungerandextremepoverty________(mark)somesignificantsuccess.3．Wehaveresolved________(reduce)ourcarbonfootprintbyrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.4．Asisknowntousall，hehasremainedloyal________hispoliticalprinciplesandhewillneverbetrayhismotherland.5．Ourmonitorisenthusiastic________creatingaharmoniouscampusandheoftenlaunchessomecampaignstopromoteit.6．Facedwithchallenges,you'dbetterkeep________agoodstateofmind.7．________acruelmanhewas！Everyonepresentatthemeetingwasshocked.(維度3)依據提示，運用本單元的詞匯、短語及句式或運用詞匯的正確形式完成下面的語篇WhenitcomestotheSilkRoad,ZhangQian,oneofthemostinfluentialexplorersoftheSilkRoad,willcometomymind.ZhangQianwasagreatexplorerduringtheHanDynasty①_____________________(被派去西域兩次).②___________________(不管天氣多壞),heneverabandonedhis③________(assign).Hemadegreatcontributionstoopeningtheeast-westrouteconnectingChina'sHanwiththewesternregions.Furthermore,henotonlyintroducedsilkandotherproductstothewestbuthealsobroughtbackmanynewproductsandknowledgeoftechnologiesoftheoutsideworld④__________________________________________________(用倒裝句升級加黑體部分).⑤________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(激勵我的是他完成探險的毅力和決心).測效果素養提能——先提能再培優·素養落實提能一熟詞生義1．[2024·新高考全國卷，讀后續寫]Jennathrewtheburntpieceintothesinkandputintheothersliceofbread.____________2．Pahlssonandherhusbandsearchedthekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.____________3．Thebarkoftheyoungtreewasremovedandsoonitdied.____________提能二讀后續寫微技能—動作描寫之mouth動“嘴”日積月累“嘴”詞匯open-mouthed目瞪口呆的，one'smouthwiden咧開嘴，cup/coverone'smouth捂住某人的嘴，mouthdrop/hangwideopen張大嘴巴，one'sheartinone'smouth心驚膽戰1.按要求用表“動嘴”的表達補全以下各句①聞到三明治的香味，饑餓的小女孩起先流口水了。__________________________.(mouth作主語)②她剛要拿起三明治咬一口，突然一只手捂住了她的嘴。____________________________.(mouth作賓語)③她的哥哥一把搶走了她的三明治放入自己口中。______________________________．④她抬起頭，目瞪口呆地看著他。________________________________________.(合成詞)⑤三明治沒了，當淚水順著臉頰流下來時，她咬住她的下嘴唇以免嘴唇顫抖。______________________________．⑥他捂住嘴偷笑。__________________________．2．將以上各句合并成小短文并背誦成文，留意運用合適的連接過渡詞匯________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGE過基礎晨讀晚練(一)分類識記單詞識記單詞寫對Ⅰ.知其意1．逆境；逆境2.探險；遠征；探險隊3.精力；力氣；活力4.櫥柜；壁櫥；衣柜5．(輪船、飛機或火車上的)乘務員；服務員6.爐具；廚房灶具7.苦痛的；令人難過的8.溫馨的；舒適的9.(狗)吠叫；吠叫聲10.橄欖球運動11.球拍；蝙蝠用球板擊球；揮打；拍打12.侄子；外甥13.公司的；法人的；社團的14.發動機；馬達有引擎的；機動車的Ⅱ.寫其形1．wage2.aboard3.blanket4．belongings5.voyage6.navy7．good/bad-tempered8.genuine9．crew10.thorough11.recreation12.rough13.motive14.candidate15.damp核心單詞練通1．loyal2.envy3.furniture4.Bitter5．guidance6.sinks拓展單詞用活Ⅰ.記全記牢1．qualifiedqualification2.endurance3．enthusiasticallyenthusiasm4.assignment5．abandoned6.selfishlyselfishness7.perseverance8.resolution9.unfortunateunfortunately10.advertisingadvertisement11．cruelty12mitmentⅡ.用準用活1．enthusiasticenthusiasmenthusiastically2．Fortunatelyfortune3．mitment4．qualificationsqualified5．①wasadvertised②advertising③advertisement6．abandonedabandoning7．endurance8.assignment(二)語境記憶短語Ⅰ.記全記牢1．turnsb.down2.makefire3.giveoff4.keepone'sspiritsup5.cheersb.up6.beboredwith...7.paidsb.back8.be/becomestuckin9.beenthusiasticabout...10.holdonⅡ.用準用活1．wasenthusiasticabout2.wasstuckin3.turneddown4.cheerup5．madefire(三)仿寫用活句式1．Itsohappenedthat2．Ifitweren'tfortheInternet3．keepyourselfenergetic過重難解惑釋疑1．①about②enthusiasm③enthusiastically/withenthusiasm2．①withbroadshouldersworeabroadsmile②boardingtheplane③Learningthatyouwillgoabroadforfurtherstudy3．①isenvied②with③Iamgreenwith