03.關節學關節學January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學第一節總論第二節中軸骨連結第三節附肢骨連結January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學總論骨與骨之間借纖維結締組織、軟骨或骨相連，形成骨連結。按骨連結的不同方式，分為：

¤直接連結

¤間接連結January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學直接連接纖維連結軟骨連結骨性結合January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong韌帶連結如椎骨棘突之間的棘間韌帶縫如顱骨矢狀縫、冠狀縫纖維軟骨聯合透明軟骨結合椎骨之間的椎間盤幼兒蝶骨和枕骨之間的蝶枕結合骶椎之間的骨性結合03.關節學間接連結也稱關節、滑膜關節?；緲嬙欤宏P節面

關節囊

外層纖維膜內層滑膜

關節腔

負壓

密閉

January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學滑膜關節滑膜關節的輔助結構韌帶：囊外韌帶、囊內韌帶

關節內軟骨：關節盤和關節唇滑膜襞和滑膜囊January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學滑膜關節滑膜關節的運動移動

屈和伸：背屈、跖屈

收和展

旋轉：旋內、旋外、旋前、旋后

環轉January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學滑膜關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學滑膜關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學中軸骨連結一、軀干骨的連結二、顱骨的連結(一)脊柱(二)胸廓(一)纖維連結(二)軟骨連結(三)滑膜關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學軀干骨的連結軀干骨的24塊椎骨、1塊骶骨和1塊尾骨借骨連接形成脊柱vertebral

column

，構成人體的中軸，上承托顱，下接下肢骨。12塊胸椎、12對肋和胸骨和它們之間的骨連接構成胸廓thoraciccage。January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學軀干骨的連結—脊柱椎骨間的連結：椎體間的連接：椎弓間連結：

January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong椎體連結椎弓間連結椎間盤前縱韌帶后縱韌帶黃韌帶棘間韌帶棘上韌帶橫突間韌帶關節突關節03.關節學January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong椎間盤和關節突腰椎上面觀03.關節學軀干骨的連結—脊柱脊柱的整體脊柱前面觀脊柱后面觀脊柱側面觀January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學軀干骨的連結—胸廓January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong◆肋椎關節

◆胸肋關節

◆胸廓的整體觀及其運動03.關節學January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong肋頭關節肋椎關節肋橫突關節03.關節學January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong胸肋關節

胸廓整體觀03.關節學顱骨的連結January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong縫冠狀縫矢狀縫人字縫蝶頂縫成年前的蝶枕、蝶巖、巖枕軟骨結合等纖維連結軟骨連結隨著年齡增長都先后骨化成為骨性結合03.關節學滑膜關節顱骨的滑膜關節為顳下頜關節，又稱下頜關節，由下頜骨的下頜頭與顳骨的下頜窩和關節結節構成。關節腔內有纖維軟骨構成的關節盤，將關節腔分為上、下兩部分。January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學滑膜關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong顳下頜關節03.關節學附肢骨連結一、上肢骨的連結二、下肢骨的連結January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong上肢帶的連結自由上肢骨的連結下肢帶的連結自由下肢骨的連結03.關節學上肢帶連結①胸鎖關節

鎖骨的胸骨端與胸骨的鎖切跡及第一肋軟骨的上面構成，屬多軸關節。January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong②肩鎖關節③喙肩韌帶03.關節學自由上肢骨連結

（一）肩關節構成：肱骨頭與肩胛骨關節盂。運動：為全身最靈活的關節。冠狀軸—屈和伸矢狀軸—收和展垂直軸—旋內和旋外、環轉運動。January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學自由上肢骨連結—肩關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學自由上肢骨連結—肩關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學自由上肢骨連結

（二）肘關節構成：肱骨下端與尺、橈骨上端。January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學自由上肢骨連結—肘關節包括三個關節：肘關節的韌帶：January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong肱尺關節肱橈關節橈尺近側關節橈側副韌帶尺側副韌帶橈骨環狀韌帶03.關節學January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong自由上肢骨連結肘關節03.關節學自由上肢骨連結—肘關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學橈腕關節腕骨間關節腕掌關節掌骨間關節掌指關節指骨間關節自由上肢骨連結（三）手關節手關節包括：January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學自由上肢骨連結—腕關節構成：典型的橢圓關節。特點：關節囊松弛，關節的前、后和兩側均有韌帶加強。關節具有關節軟骨—關節盤。運動：冠狀軸—屈和伸矢狀軸—收和展垂直軸—環轉運動January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong手舟骨、月骨和三角骨的近側關節面橈骨的腕關節面和尺骨頭下方的關節盤關節頭關節窩03.關節學自由上肢骨連結—腕關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學下肢帶連結January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong骶髂關節髖骨與脊柱間的韌帶連結恥骨聯合髖骨的固有韌帶骨盆03.關節學下肢帶連結—骶髂關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong由骶骨和髂骨的耳狀面構成。其關節囊有骶髂前、后韌帶加強。03.關節學下肢帶連結January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong髖骨與脊柱間的韌帶連結髂腰韌帶骶結節韌帶骶棘韌帶03.關節學下肢帶連結—恥骨聯合January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學下肢帶連結—骨盆January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong大骨盆小骨盆03.關節學下肢帶連結

—骨盆January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong骨盆的性差骨盆的力傳導方向03.關節學自由下肢骨連結

（一）髖關節構成：髖臼與股骨頭，屬于球窩關節。運動：冠狀軸—屈和伸矢狀軸—收和展垂直軸—旋內和旋外、環轉運動January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學自由下肢骨連結—髖關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong髂股韌帶股骨頭韌帶恥股韌帶坐股韌帶輪匝帶03.關節學自由下肢骨連結—髖關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong髂股韌帶股骨頭韌帶恥股韌帶坐股韌帶輪匝帶03.關節學自由下肢骨連結—髖關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong髂股韌帶股骨頭韌帶恥股韌帶坐股韌帶輪匝帶03.關節學自由下肢骨連結—髖關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong髂股韌帶股骨頭韌帶恥股韌帶坐股韌帶輪匝帶03.關節學自由下肢骨連結

（二）膝關節構成：股骨下端、脛骨上端和髕骨，人體最復雜的關節。運動：冠狀軸—屈和伸，半屈膝關節時可作輕度旋轉。主要的韌帶January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong髕韌帶腓側副韌帶脛側副韌帶腘斜韌帶膝交叉韌帶髕上囊髕下深囊內側和外側半月板特有的結構03.關節學自由下肢骨連結January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong膝關節03.關節學自由下肢骨連結—膝關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學脛、腓兩骨的上端—脛腓關節—脛、腓兩骨干—小腿骨間膜脛、腓兩骨的下端—韌帶連結—自由下肢骨連結

（三）脛腓連結脛骨外側髁腓骨頭脛腓前、后韌帶January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關節學距小腿關節跗骨間關節跗跖關節跖骨間關節跖趾關節趾骨間關節自由下肢骨連結

（四）足關節January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong足關節的水平切面03.關節學