Unit2BridgingCulturesDiscoveringusefulstructureNounClauseTolearnsomeusefulwordsandphrasesTobeabletomarkanounclauseTolearntoanalysethefunctionofanounclauseTobeabletouseandwritenounclausesLead-in

[觀察例句]1．WhatseemedstrangebeforenowappearsquitenormaltoXieLei.2.WhatsurprisedXieLeiwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.3．It'simportantthatXieLeikeepsabalancebetweenherstudiesand

hersociallife.4．Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirst

orsecondlanguage.5．Hertutorexplainedthatshewassupposedtoreadlotsofinformation

tohelpformawiseopinionofherown.6．Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.皆為主從復合句主語從句主語從句。it為形式主語表語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句Thestructureofnounclauses

名詞性從句

nounclause主語從句subjectclause賓語從句objectclause表語從句predicativeclause同位語從句appositiveclause從句一律保持陳述語序II名詞性從句定義在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句(NounClauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組,它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。根據名詞性從句在句中充當的不同成分，可以把名詞性從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。從屬連詞連接代詞連接副詞that（無詞義單一賓語從句可省略，其他不能）,whether,if（是否）asif/asthough(好像)what,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whatever,whicheverwhen,where,how,why有(無)詞義，但不做成分有詞義，做主，賓，表，定語有詞義，做狀語成分ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引導名詞性從句的關聯詞):Findanddiscussthefunctionsofnounclauses.①Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.②Whathewantstotellusisnotveryclear.③Whereweshallperformtheexperimentisstillunderdiscussion.④

Whenwewillholdthesportsmeethasn’tbeenannounced.⑤

HowhegotintouchwithTomwillbediscussedattheconference.⑥

Thatlighttravelsfasterthansoundisknowntousall.⑦Whethershelikesthepresentisnotcleartome.以上從句為名詞性從句中_____________(類)，引導詞可以用：________________________________________________________主語從句that/whether/what/who/when/where/why/whatever/whoever等ObserveandDiscover1._________didthiswillsoonerorlaterbecaughtandwillbepunished.2.__________doubtshemighthavehadaboutIngridwereallovernow.3.______thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.WhoeverWhateverWhen一、主語從句：從句在句中充當主語成分it的用法:形式主語It’spossible/important/necessary/clear…that…

很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……It’ssaid/reported…that…據說/據報道……It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已經通知/宣布……Itseems/appears/happens…that…顯然/明顯/碰巧……It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/無疑……It’sapitythat…遺憾的是……It’safact/acommonknowledge…眾所周知……It’sacommonsaying…俗話說“if”

不能引導主語從句，應由“whether”引導主語從句的“that”

一般不能省略“what”

引導主語從句時，謂語動詞： (1)常與其后作表語的名詞一致 (2)根據句子的語境而定·Whatyoulefthereyesterdayareonlyseveraloldbooks.·Whatyoutoldusattheconferenceisofgreatimportance.·Whathesaysanddoesdoesn’tconcernme.·Whathesaysanddoesdon’tagree.“易錯”引導詞的區別：一、what&that◆what引導名詞性從句時不僅起連接作用，而且在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語等。◆that引導名詞性從句時只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分。如：Ireallydon’tknowwhattheyaretalkingaboutbehindothers.(what引導賓語從句，在從句中作about的賓語)Hetellsme(that)heisleavingforShanghaionbusiness.(that引導賓語從句，在從句中不充當任何成分)二、whether&if◆whether可與ornot連用，但if不能。◆whether從句可位于句首或句尾，而if不能引導位于句首的主語從句。如：

Whetherwe’llgocampingtomorrowhasn’tbeendiscussedatthemeetingyet.(不能用if引導)◆if不能引導表語從句、同位語從句。◆介詞后的賓語從句不能用if引導。如：

Italldependsonwhethertheywilljoinusinthefootballmatch.(不能用if引導)1.Iaskedher______________shehadabike.

2.____________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.

3.We'reworriedabout____________heissafe.

4.Idon'tknow_________________hewillcome.

5.Idon'tknow____________ornotheiswell.

6.Thequestionis____________heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

8.Idon'tknow___________togo.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherWhether和if的區別Whether和if的區別不能使用if的情況：a.主語從句b.表語從句c.同位語從句e.介詞后的賓語從句f.不定式前用whether即whethertodog.whetherornot連在一起引導賓語從句時不用if.Findanddiscussthefunctionsofnounclauses.①Ihope(that)Chinawillbecomeasuccessfulandprosperouscountry.②IwonderwhyJanegetsonsowellwithherclassmates.③Ican’timaginewhatwouldbecomeoftheworldwithoutbooks.④OnereasonisthatIwanttoknowwhenIcanhavingagoodtime.⑤I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework.⑥Now,I'dliketoknowwhether/ifyou’veeverworkedindependently.以上從句為名詞性從句中_____________(類),引導詞可以有：______________________________________________________賓語從句that/whether/what/who/when/where/why/whatever/whoever等ObserveandDiscover二、賓語從句：從句在句中充當賓語成分（可以作謂語動詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語動詞的賓語）

that(常可省略),whether,if

連詞： who,what,which,whoever,whatever when,where,why,how1.當主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時或一般將來時，賓語從句的謂語動詞可以用所需要的任何一種時態。2.當主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞要用相應的過去時態，但當賓語從句敘述的內容為客觀真理時，仍然用一般現在時。Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.travels賓語從句注意事項◆表示“建議、命令、要求”等意義的動詞，如suggest,demand,order,insist等，其后的賓語從句中謂語動詞用should+

動詞原形，should可省略。如：Shedemandedthathe(should)returnthebooksheborrowedfromher.Isuggestyou(should)askhimsomespecificquestionsabouthispast.Heorderedthattheporter(should)lockthedoorsatnight.◆如果主句的謂語是過去時，賓語從句的時態要用過去的相應時態。但若賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或自然現象，其謂語仍用一般現在時。如：

Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesroundthesun.◆當賓語從句后有賓語補足語時，通常用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。如：

Doyouthinkitpossiblethattheworkwillbefinishedbytheendofthismonth?Hethinksitimportantthatwetrytodosomehouseworkafterschool.Theheadmasterhasmadeitclearthattheschoolmeetingwillnotbeputoff.◆當主句主語是第一人稱，且謂語為think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞時，如果賓語從句表示否定意思，通常否定前移，即否定主句謂語。如：

Idon’tthink(that)

Icaneverforgivehim.Idon’tbelieve(that)hecancomehereontime.以上從句為名詞性從句中_____________(類)，引導詞有：____________________________________________________表語從句that/whether/what/who/when/where/why/whatever/whoever等ObserveandDiscoverFindanddiscussthefunctionsofnounclauses.①Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.②Thequestioniswhatweshoulddo.③Theproblemishowweshouldcarryouttheplan.④Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.⑤Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthebusbyone

minutethismorning.⑥Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)tellhimthetruth.連接詞：that/whether/asif/asthough

(if不引導表語從句)連接代詞：who/whoever/which/whatever

連接副詞：when/where/why/how

三、表語從句：從句在句中充當表語成分，一般放在連系動詞之后。作用：對主語進行解釋說明。Summary1.在表語從句中，表“是否”時，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。2.一般情況下,“that”不能省略。3.Itis/waswhy…4.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat…即學即練1.Thisis______happenswhenyoumakerashdecisions.2.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas______hescoredthewinninggoal.whatwhen表語從句注意事項◆當主語是reason，且后面的表語從句表示原因時通常用that引導從句；而it,this或that作主語時，后面的表語從句可用because或why引導。如：

Thereasonwasthatalotofpeopleliketomakepuns.

Itoldheritwasbecausepeoplecouldmakethemintofriedchicken.

ThatwaswhyIdidn’tforgettosmileattheoldpeoplewheneverIsawthem.◆表語從句還可由asif/though,as等引導。如：

Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Thehouselooksasitdidwhenhelivedinitasachild.以上從句為名詞性從句中___________(類)，引導詞可以有：___________________________________________Ihavenoidea

when

youbegantolearnEnglish.how

thiswouldtranslateintoChinese.where

theyarespendingtheirholidays.who

myfutureboyfriendwillbe.why

hewaslookingatmewhenhesaidthat.which

onewouldyourecommend.what

liesbeyondthenextvalley.whom

theyaretalkingaboutinsecret.whether

thetrafficisterribleonthatway.that

shehasyeteverseenamanshecaredfor.

同位語從句that/whether/what/who/when/where/why等ObserveandDiscover四、同位語從句：從句在句中充當同位語成分，一般跟在一些抽象名詞（idea,belief,fact,truth,rumour,news等）后面，對名詞作進一步解釋說明。同位語從句常用that/whether引導或連接副詞when/where/why/how。

即學即練1.About68%ofthosesurveyeddisagreedwiththeopinion______readingisboringorold-fashioned.2.The__________

(possible)thatsomethingcouldgowrongrequiredastateofhyper-awareness.thatpossibilityWeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.同位語從句和定語從句的區別1.

同位語從句:that只起連接作用，不作任何成分；

定語從句:

that是關系代詞，起連接作用，充當賓語和主語。2.同位語從句:與前面的名詞是同位關系，對名詞進行補充說明；定語從句:與前面的名詞是所屬關系,對名詞進行修飾,加以限定。3.同位語從句:

that不能省略；

定語從句:

that在從句中作賓語時,可以省略。CompareandDiscoverThefactthatshehadapologizedcountedfornothingwithhim.Thenewsthatanearthquakehitthecountrygaveeveryoneashock.Suddenlythethoughtcametomethathecouldgoblind.Thethoughtthatsuddenlycameto

me

isterrible.(thatclause=thefact)（同位語從句）(that指代thenews)（定語從句）（同位語從句）(定語從句）CompareandDiscover如何選擇正確的連接詞分析句子成分缺主賓表定缺狀語用連接代詞用連接副詞根據語意缺什么補什么都不缺用that或whether1._________goesagainstthetideofhistorywillcometonogoodend.2.At9:00inthemorning,Icalledmydadtoask___________Icouldcomeoverafterwork.3.Wemustfindout______Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.4.Manyreasonscanexplain_____peopleliketohavepets.5.Watson,lookupintotheskyandtellme_______youcansee.6.Weneedtofind________it’scomingfromand_____areweexperiencingsuchfeeling.whether/ifwhenWhoever即學即練whywhatwherewhy1.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryof_____they’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.(2024年新課標全國高考I卷)2.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyond________Ilikeditornot.(2024年全國高考英語甲卷)3.Perhapsmostremarkable,however,wasthefact______thismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.(2024年1月浙江高考英語)4.Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelosesightofis_____easyitcanbetofallbehindschedule.(2024年1月浙江高考英語)5.Shedecidedthatshewouldmemorize_______herclasseswereandthenpretendthattherestoftheplacedidn’texist.(2024年1月浙江高考英語)即學即練whatwhetherthatPracticehowwhere6.Ihappentoknow_____Tang’splayThePeonyPavilion(《牡丹亭》)issimilarinsomewaystoRomeoandJuliet.(2024年新課標全國高考II卷)7.ItwasveryexcitingtoheartheChineselanguageandsee_____Tang’splaywasbeingperformed.(2024年新課標全國高考II卷)8.Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops._________findstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.9.Afteraheateddiscussionthatlastedfor______seemedlikeacentury,Gunterputhisphonedownandstartedthecar.(2024年新課標全國高考II卷)10.Theonlyopportunityshecouldseizetostudywas______herbrotherwashavingChineselessonswiththefamilytutor.(2024年全國高考英語甲卷)thathow即學即練PracticeWhoever

what

when1._______________(可能)shewillcomebacktomorrow.2._______________(很明顯)thismeasureiseffective.3._______________(很遺憾)welostthematch.4.______________(這是事實)hecheatedintheexam.5._________________(據報道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.6._________________(建議)we