DiscoveringUsefulStructures

P29

新人教版選擇性必修Book3

Unit3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONLead-in觀察對(duì)話，完成下面的句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.LiLeisaid,“I'mquitesureaboutit.”LiLeisaidthat_________quitesureaboutit.2.Jimsaid,“Ihaven'tseeyoutoday.”Jimsaidthat________________________.3.Theteacheraskedme,“Doyouhavedifficultyworkingitout?”Theteacheraskedme_______________________.hewashehadn'tseenmethatdaywhether/ifIhaddifficultyworkingitoutIknowit.IsaidIknewit.Whatdidyousay?Workingroups.Lookatthesentencesinbothcolumnsanddiscussthedifferencesbetweeneachpair.Summarisetherulesforchangingdirectspeechintoindirectspeech.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech1Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.2Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”Thereporteraskedthatwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.3Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?”Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.4“Let'sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.1Rules:Directspeechreportstheexactwordsofthespeaker.Indirectspeechreportswhataspeakersaidinourownwords.Therearesomegrammaticaldifferencesbetweendirectandindirectspeeches.Ifwewanttochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech,wewillchangetenses,pronouns,andotherwordswhennecessary.First,ifaverbinquotationmarksisinpresenttense,changetocorrespondingpasttense;ifaverbisinsimplepasttense,changetopastperfecttense.Second,personpronounschangeaccordingtothepersonoftheobjectofthereportingverb.Third,adverbsthatshownearnessindirectspeech.Forexample,nowchangestothen;todaychangestothatday;herechangestothere.Summary直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech一.定義：直接引用別人的話叫直接引語(yǔ)；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語(yǔ)。例句：Thegirlsaid,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”ThegirlsaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.Note:1.引語(yǔ)前常使用逗號(hào)，而不是冒號(hào)；引號(hào)內(nèi)直接引語(yǔ)的單詞首字母要大寫。2.間接引語(yǔ)不用逗號(hào)，引號(hào)；間接引語(yǔ)要考慮人稱，時(shí)態(tài)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和指示代詞的變化。二.直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的變化1.人稱變化一隨主直接引語(yǔ)中的第一人稱變間接引語(yǔ)后與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱保持一致Hesays,“Ilikemathverymuch.”Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch.二隨賓直接引語(yǔ)中的第二人稱變間接引語(yǔ)后與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱保持一致HesaidtoLily,“Youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.三不變直接引語(yǔ)的第三人稱在變間接引語(yǔ)后人稱不變Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.2.時(shí)態(tài)變化（主句為一般過去時(shí)）

直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)句子時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)不變一般將來(lái)時(shí)過去將來(lái)時(shí)Note:

1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句可以根據(jù)意思使用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。例句：ShesaysthatshewasgoingtobuyaCD.ShesaysthatshewenttobuyaCD2.

直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理，諺語(yǔ)和格言時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。例句：

“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.”theteachertoldme.Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth3.直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。例句：Tomsaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”TomsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.3.指示代詞，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化。項(xiàng)目直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞thisthesethatthose時(shí)間nowtodaytonightthisweekyesterdaylastweekthenthatdaythatnightthatweekthedaybeforetheweekbefore地點(diǎn)herethere動(dòng)詞comebringgotake例句：Hesaid,“Itisnineo’clocknow.”Hesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”Hesaidthathehaven’tseenherthatday.Hesaid,“Wewenttothecinemayesterday.”Hesaidthattheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.4.連接詞和語(yǔ)序變化項(xiàng)目連接詞語(yǔ)序陳述句that或省略不變一般疑問句引述動(dòng)詞后加上if或whether陳述語(yǔ)序特殊疑問句連接詞不變陳述語(yǔ)序祈使句無(wú)連接詞不變例句：Hesaidtome,“Youcanhelpher.”Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher.Heaskedher,“Doyouloveme?”Heaskedherwhethershelovedhim.Heaskedme,“Whatcolourdoyoulike?”HeaskedmewhatcolourIliked.Hesaidtome,“Don’tbelate.”Heaskedmenottobelate.1.HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKate_______________________.2.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?”Sheaskedme__________________________toreadnewspapers.3.Thegeographyteachersaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”Thegeographyteachersaid___________________thansound.4.“Listentomeanddon’tmakesomuchnoise,children!”saidtheteacher.Theteacher_______________________________.howhersisterwasthenwhether/ifIoftenwenttherelighttravelsmuchfasteraskedthechildrentolistentohimandnottomakesomuchnoise即學(xué)即用Herearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangethesentencesintoindirectspeech.Diane“WhatmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual?”“WasittheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory?”DianeDianeaskedwhathadmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual.Dianeaskedif/whetherithadbeentheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory.2Martha“Iwanttobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.”“I'mdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.”MarthaMarthasaidthatshewantedtobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.Marthasaidthatshewasdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.Bob“Whyisnuclearpowerasensitivetopic?”“Couldyouexplainhowthenucleardisasterhappened?”BobBobaskedwhynuclearpowerwassuchasensitivetopic.Bobaskedif/whethertheycouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.Laura“Howmanyanimalshavedisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting?”“Whatcanwedotohelpwildanimals?”LauraLauraaskedhowmanyanimalshaddisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting.Lauraaskedwhatwecoulddotohelpwildanimals.Vincent“I'veneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.”“Willscientistsdiscovernewspeciesthere?”VincentVincentsaidthathehadneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.Vincentaskedwhether/ifscientistswo