備戰2022中考英語閱讀理解熱點話題+體裁分類訓練(中考真題+各地模擬題)中考閱讀理解熱點話題考前沖刺集訓19（2022·浙江金華·一模）①ThemomentthatJiangMengnanreceivedtheawardofpersonTouchingChinafor2021,shesaidshemostwantedtoexpressthankstoherparents.②Bornin1992inHunanProvince,Jiang’sworldhasbeensilentsinceshewas6monthsold,aftershetookthewrongmedicinewhichwasharmfultoherhearing.So,Jiang’sparentsbegantoteachhertolearnlipreading.③Jiang’sparentsaskedhertoputherhandsontheirthroats(喉嚨)whentheytalked.Itwasaslowandhardtask,butherparentsnevergaveup.Learningasinglewordcantakeatleast1,000practiceforJiang,anddifferentpeoplehavingdifferentwaysofspeakingaddeddifficultiestoherschoolandsociallifewhenitcametolipreading.Throughlipreadingandselfstudy,JianglearnedtospeakandshewasabletokeepupwithlearningandwasacceptedbyJilinUniversitywithahighscoreof615.In2018,shewasacceptedasaPhDcandidateatTsinghuaUniversity’sSchoolofLifeSciences.④Moreimportantly,sheishelpinginspire(激勵)disabledchildreninmanyplacestofightforsuccess.Becauseofherhearingloss,shecouldn’tbeadoctor.Instead,shechosepharmacy(藥劑)tohelpreducepeople’spain.Anotherthingshemakesuphermindtodoisteachingchildrenlikehernottolosehopesbecauseoftheirdisability.Jiangoftenvisitsspecialeducationschoolsandmeetswithstudents.Shetellsthemtodotheirbesttoachievegoalslikesocalledhealthypersons.⑤Shestressedthatpeoplewithdisabilitieshavenoneedtofeeldiscouraged,astheycandothesameorevenbetterthannondisabledpeoplearoundthem.WhenGodclosesadoor,heopensawindow,andthisgirlbelievesthatallchallengesaregifts.1．JiangMengnanstartstolearntospeakby________.A．lipreadingandselfstudy B．goingtodifferentuniversitiesC．listeningcarefullyinclass D．readingstoriesloudlybyherself2．Paragraph4ismainlyaboutJiangMengnan’s________.A．difficultiesinlanguagelearning B．experienceinlipreadingC．waysinhelpingdisabledchildren D．adviceaboutgettingsuccess3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Jiangreceivedbadeducationatmiddleschools.B．Jiang’steachersoftenvisitspecialeducationschools.C．Jiangthinksshecan’tdobetterthanmonpeople.D．Jiang’sparentstaughthertopracticeandnevergaveup.4．WhatcanwelearnfromJiang’sstory?A．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed. B．Wellbegunishalfdone.C．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. D．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.（2022·湖北宜昌·一模）“Hello,everyone!WeletoTiangongClass.”Withthisgreeting,aspecialspeechbeganonTiangongspacestationabout400kilometersabovetheearthonDec9,2021.Lastingforaboutanhour,thespacespeechwasbroadcastlivetomillionsofstudents.ThreeastronautsfromtheShenzhouXIII—ZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangfu—hostedthespeech,showinghowtheyliveandworkonthespacestationanddoingsomeinterestingexperimentsthatcanonlybedoneinspace.ThisisthesecondlivespacespeechinChina.Eightyearsago,withtheassistanceoftwootherShenzhouXastronauts.Wanggavethecountry’sfirstlivespacespeechtoover60millionschoolchildrenacrossChina.Morespacetoteachparedwiththeclasseightyearsago,thisspacespeechisgreatlydifferent.The“classroom”isbigger.InsteadofTiangongIexperimentalmodule(實驗艙),thisyearWanggavethespacespeechintheTianhespacecoremodule(核心艙),whichisthebiggestspacecraftdevelopedbyChina.TechnologicaldevelopmentThequalityofspacetogroundconnectionandmunicationisalsomuchimproved.Thespacespeechsometimesfacedthechallengesofthevideofreezingandanunclearpicture,butthisyear’sspeechisdifferent.Thetransmissionspeedhasbeenhighlyincreasedandthewholelivebroadcasthasrunsmoothly.ThesechangesshowChinesespaceindustryhasmadegreatprogressinthepasteightyears.Biggercontents(授課內容)Alongwiththetechnologicalprogress,thisyear’sspacespeechdiscussedmorecoursesofscience.Eightyearsago,Wangshowedstudentsthelawsofphysicsinspace.Butthisyear,biologywasadded.Thoughthesespacespeechesshoweddifferenttopics,theaimtospreadknowledgeaboutmanmadespaceflightsandtomakeyoungpeoplebeinterestedinsciencehasneverchanged.Spaceactivitiescanhelpyoungpeopledeveloptheinterestsofscienceandfacechallenges.5．WhendidWangYapinggivethefirstlivespacespeechtoschoolchildrenacrossChina?A．2003 B．2012 C．2013 D．20216．Theaimofthespeechesisto_________A．parethetwoclasses. B．introducetheteachingskills.C．reportthenews. D．encourageyoungpeople.7．Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementistrue?A．WangYapinggavethesecondlectureinTiangongIexperimentalmodule.B．ThespecialspeechdiscussedthelawsofphysicsandgeographyinspaceinDec.9,2021.C．Thespacespeechfacedthechallengesofthetransmissionspeedandlivebroadcastsmoothlyinthepast.D．Chinesespaceindustryhaslittleprogressnowadays.8．Accordingtothepassage,thecorrectorderis________.a.Astronautsshowhowtheyliveandworkonthespacestationanddosomeinterestingexperimentsinspace.b.WangYapingshowedstudentsthelawsofphysicsinspace.c.Youngpeopleareinterestedinscienceandfacechallenges.d.ShenzhouXIIIflewintothespace.A．abcd B．bacd C．bdac D．dbac9．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AGreatAstronaut. B．ProgressInSpaceScience.C．ASpecialClass. D．BuildASpiritOfScience.（2022·云南·一模）Doyouoftenlistentomusicatloudvolumes(音量)?Youshouldknowthatthishabitisbadforyourhearing,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Over1billionyoungpeopleareatriskofhearinglossbecauseoflisteningtoloudnoiseforlongperiodsoftime.WHOsaid,“ListeningtomusicorwatchingaTVshowatloudvolumescanharmyourhearing.”TheUnitedNationshasstandardsforsafelistening.Itisnotsafetolistentosoundsthatarelouderthan85dB(分貝)foreighthoursor100dBfor15minutes.Thesoundofabusyroadisabout85dBandthesoundofarockconcertcanbeabout100dB.Loudnoiseisharmfultotheinnerear(內耳).Mostofusarebornwithabout16,000haircells(毛細胞)inourinnerears.Thesecellsdetect(探測)sounds.However,listeningtoloudnoiseforalongtimecanmakethesecellsworktoohardandcausesomeofthemtodie.Thisiswhatcauseshearingloss.Somepeoplemightthinkthattheirmusicisn’tallthatloud.Butthiscandependonwhereyouare.Forexample,ifyouareinanoisyplacelikethesubway,youmightturnupyourmusictooloudwithoutrealizingit.Later,whenyoulistentoitatthesamevolumeinaquietplace,youmightfeelunfortable.WHOsaidthe“safelevel”formostsoundisbelow80dBforupto40hoursaweek.Alevelof80dBisroughly(大約)equaltothenoiseofasubway.10．AccordingtoWHO,________isbadforyouhearing.A．listeningtosoftmusic B．listeningtomusicC．listeningtoloudmusic D．watchingTVshow11．Thesoundlevelofabusyroadisabout________.A．80dB B．85dB C．90dB D．100dB12．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．It’spropertoturnupmusictooloudinthesubway.B．Loudmusiccancausesomeofhaircellstodie.C．Loudnoisedoesharmtohaircells.D．Wemightbeunfortabletolistentoloudmusicinaquietplace.13．WHOthinksthesafelevelformostsoundis________.A．louderthan80dBformorethan40hoursaweek B．100dBfor15minutesC．louderthan85dBfor8hours D．below80dBforlessthan40hoursaweek14．Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A．DifferentStandardsforSafeListening B．LoudNoiseisHarmfultoHearingC．TheRiskofListeningtoMusic D．KeeptheLoudVolumes（2022·山東臨沂·一模）Accordingtoaresearch,morethan130billionpoundsofuneaten(未吃的)foodgotowasteinLaura’scountryeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearly(每年的，一年的)foodsupply.Itisasadfact,especiallywhenyouconsiderhowmanyfamiliesandhomelesspeopleareinhunger.WhenLaurasawherschooldininghallthrowawayfoodthatwasnoteatenatalleveryday,shecameupwithanidea.Shestartedaprojecttohelpherschooldininghall,togiveawayuneatenfoodtohomelessshelters(庇護所)inhermunity.Inthepastthreeyears,thesameprojecthasspreadtootherschoolsandsomefastfoodrestaurantsthroughout(遍及)thecity.TheprojectiscalledFeed&Find,andhasalreadyfedthousandsofpeopleinhercity.Howdoesitwork?Throughanapp,Feed&Findmatcheslocalhomelessshelterswithschooldininghallsandrestaurantsthathaveuneatenfoodtoprovide.Whendininghallsorrestaurantshaveuneatenfoodleft,theycanusetheapptosharetheinformationaboutfood.Atruckdriverworkingfortheprojectisthensenttopickitupandtakeittoashelter.Prettycool,right?ItisnotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaura,hopingthatshecouldhelpdevelopthesimilarprojectsfortheirmunities.Somepeople,however,worryaboutthesafetyoftheuneatenfood.Theythinksuchfoodmaynotbecleanenough.Still,thisprojectisacleverwaytohelpsolvetheproblemoffoodwasteandithelpsthoseinneed.根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。15．ThenumbersinParagraph1tellus_______.A．somepeoplearepoor B．foodwasteisserious C．thepopulationislarge16．Laura’sprojectfirstgotfoodfrom_______.A．herschooldininghall B．herfamily C．afastfoodrestaurant17．PeopleinothercitieswouldlikeLaurato_______.A．fireatruckdriver B．visittheirmunities C．helpdevelopprojectslikehers18．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．Adiningguideapp B．Afoodsharingproject C．Adrivingserviceapp（2022·浙江金華·一模）①Doesalakeonfiresoundimpossible?Ifyouthinkthatwatercan’tburn,youneedtolearnmoreaboutpollution.②Let’sgoandseeBellandurLakeinthecityofBengaluruinIndia.Bengaluruisthecenterformanyheavyindustries.Electricalandelectronicgoods,puterpartsandpartsforplanesandspacerocketsareproducedthere.Muchofthewastefromtheseandalargeamountofthewastewaterfromlocalpeoplerunintothelake.③Theseharmfulmixedthingshaveledthelaketobeecoveredwithathickwhitefoam(泡沫)thatlookslikesnowwhenseenfromfaraway.Whenthelevelofthewaterrises,thefoamdoestooandcoversnearbyareas,evenroads.Whenafirebreaksoutonthelake,itisbothfrighteninganddangerous.Peoplewholiveorworknearthelakealsogetseriouslyillbecauseofthepollution.④Thefirehasdrawnagreatdealofattentionrecently,butburninglakesarenothingnew.PollutionmainlyhappensindevelopingcountrieslikeIndiatoday.Inthepast,itmainlytookplaceinEuropeandAmerica.CuyahogaRiver,ariverinAmerica,hadcaughtfireatleast13times.Thefirethatcausedthemostattentionwasin1969whenoilcoveredareasontheriverweresetonfirebysparks(火花)fromapassingtrain.Thefirereachedaheightofoverfivefloorsandburnedforabouthalfanhour.Bythattime,peopleinAmericaweremoreawareofitsdangersandwantedtochange.⑤Asaresult,theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)wasfoundedin1970andtheCleanWaterAct(1972)wasputintouse.ThisActrequiredallriversthroughoutAmericabecleanenoughtosafelyallowswimmersandfishtopassthroughby1983.Duetotheseefforts,theCuyahogaRiverhasneverhadanotherfireandover60differentspeciesoffishliveintheriver.⑥Ifhistoryisaguide,willitbepossibleforpeopleinIndiatobringanendtothepollutionbychangingthelawsintheircountry,too?Likemanynations,it’snecessarytoraiseawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionamongthegeneralpublic.Allofusmustact!19．Accordingtothepassage,lakescancatchfiremainlybecauseof________.A．theriseofwaterlevel B．sparkssetbyapassingtrainC．firefromnearbywoods D．pollutionfromheavyindustries20．TheexampleofCuyahogaRiverinParagraphs4&5isusedto________tosolvetheproblem.A．showonepossibleway B．describeanotherseriousfireC．bringEnvironmentalresult D．showtheworldwidepollution21．Theunderlinedwords“itsdangers”refertothedangersof“________”.A．sparks B．pollution C．foam D．snow22．Thestructure(結構)ofthepassagemightbe________.A． B．C． D．（2022·浙江金華·一模）Duringthetwosessions(兩會),GenerationZ(peopleborn19952009)sharetheirthoughtsaboutChina.Let’stakealook.Peopleneedtopayattentiontothemental(心理)healthofteenagers,especiallyduringthe“doublereduction”policy.Someofmyfriendsfeltmoreandmorestressfromtheirparents’highexpectations,aswellasbeingparedwithothers.Wereallyneedhelpwithstress.—ZhangKexin,14,fromBeijingMyschoolsetsupmanyclubsinourafterschoolclassestohelpstudentsunderstandtheimportanceoftraditionalculture.Ijoinapapercuttingworkshopandahanfuclub.Takepapercuttingasanexample.Ithasnotonlyhelpedmepracticemyhandcraftskillsbutalsoletmeknowthebeautyofart.—ZhaoYan,Junior2,fromLiaoningIt’simportantforChinatobuild“nationalfitness”.Ilovejumpingandplayingpingpong.Doingexercisegivesmeenergyandmakesmefeelhappy.However,somestudentsaretoobusywithstudiestodoanyexercise.Weshoulddomoreexercisetobuildourbody.Onlystrongpeoplecanbuildastrongnation.—YinPeixin,11,fromWuhanZhangKexinsethereyeson________duringthetwosessions.A．afterschoolclasses B．nationalfitnessC．mentalhealthofteenagers D．traditionalculture24．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisYinPeixin’sopinion?A．Studentsshoulddomoresportstobuildtheirbody.B．It’simportanttoknowmoreabout“doublereduction”.C．GenerationZshouldstudyhardtobuildastrongnation.D．Weshouldaskstudentsbeingbusywithstudiestojoinclubs.25．Thetextmostprobablyesfromthe________column(欄目)ofamagazine.A．LanguageWorld B．YourVoiceC．StoryGarden D．TechnologySquare（2022·云南紅河·一模）FlyingkitesisanactivitylovedbymanyChineseinspring.Ithasbeenaroundformorethan2,300years.ItwasfirstinventedbyMozi,hespentthreeyearsinmakinga“bird”outofwoodandflyingitforadaybeforeitfelldown.HisstudentLuBanreplacedthewoodwithbamboo,andthe“bamboobird”wasabletoflyaslongasthreedays.ItwasnotuntiltheTangDynastythatthekitewasusedforfun.Becauseofthepopularityofpaper,monpeoplewereabletomakekiteswithpaperinsteadofexpensivesilk,andthekitewereindifferentstyles,makingmethodsanddecorations(裝飾).

Littlelanternsaretiedtothekite.Andwhenthekitesareflyinginthesky,thelanternslooklikestarsatnight.Theskeleton(骨架)ofthekiteisusuallymadeofbamboo.Theprocessoftyingtheskeletonincludeschoosingbamboo,cuttingbamboo,bendingbamboostrips(彎曲竹條)andmakingstripstogether.Then,youhavetochoosewhichmaterialisputontheskeletonascover.Silkandpapercanbeoftenseenasthecover.Painting,thethirdstep,makesyourkiteealiveandbeautiful.Kitesarenotonlyflownduringthedaytimebutalsointheevening.Whatmakesflyingkitesduringthisdayspecialisthatpeoplecutthestringwhilethekiteisintheskytoletitflyfree.Itissaidthisbringsgoodluck.26．Thefirstkitewasmadeof________.A．bamboo B．wood C．stick D．steel27．Howlongcanthebamboobirdflyinthesky?A．Oneday. B．Twodays. C．Threedays. D．Fourdays28．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．ThekitewasfirstinventedbyMozi. B．LuBanmadethekiteflylonger.C．ThekiteisusedforfunintheTangDynasty. D．Youcanseekiteflyingonlyduringthedaytime.29．Theunderlinedword“cover”inParagraph3means“________”inChinese.A．覆蓋 B．表面 C．雕像 D．毛毯30．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Howtoflyakite. B．Howtomakeakite.C．Theintroductionofkite. D．Themeaningofflyingakite.（2022·浙江杭州·一模）Youuseiteveryday,andthere’soneinnearlyeveryhomeandoneverystreeterit’sthetoilet.Didyouknowtheaveragepersonspendsthreewholeyearsofhisorherlifeonthetoilets?Forsomethingsoimportant,wegiveitverylittlethought.Well,November19isWorldToiletDayadaytobringattentiontothetoilet.WorldToiletDayremindsusofhowluckywearetohavetoilets.Manypeoplestilldon’thavecleantoilets,andthiscausesanumberofhealthproblems.Toiletstakemanydifferentformsaroundtheworld.IntheUS,youwon’tseeanysquatting(蹲式的)toilets.MostpeopleintheWesternworldhavetoiletsandrunningwaterintheirhomes.But,insomeplaces,toiletsareoutdoorsin“outhouses”.Everyoneintheneighborhoodsharesthesameouthouse,andgoingtothetoiletbeesasocialevent.Dependingonwhereyouare,publictoiletscanbeveryprivate,withmachinesplayingthesoundofrunningwatertomaskyournoises.Or,publictoiletscanhavenoprivacyatalljustonebigroom.Nowsomemodemtoiletshaveelectronickeypads,heatersandevenplaymusic!Whenyouusethetoilet,youshouldkeepsomemannersinmind:Flush(沖)thetoiletafteryouhavefinished.Washyourhandsbeforeyouleavetherestroom.Don’tstandonthetoiletwhenyouareusingit.Ifyouusepublictoilets,theremaybealine.Don’tcutinlinethisisveryrude.31．Howlongdoesapersonprobablyspendontoiletsinhis/herlife?A．3wholeyears. B．2wholeyears. C．1wholeyear. D．1.5wholeyears.32．WorldToiletDayisadayto________.A．remindpeopletobuildmoretoilets B．remindusofhowluckywearetohavetoiletsC．askpeopletogotocleantoilets D．keepgoodmannersinmind33．What’stheuseofmachinesinthetoiletplayingthesoundofrunningwater?A．Protectingyourprivacy. B．Makingyoufeelhappy.C．Helpingyoukeepwarm. D．Playingmusicforyoutoenjoy.34．Whichisarudethingtodowhenusingthetoilet?A．Waitinginalineiftherearemanypeople. B．Forgettingtoflushthetoiletafterusingit.C．Notstandingonthetoiletwhenusingit. D．Washinghandsbeforeleavingthetoilet.（2022·江蘇揚州·一模）Doyouknowblackboxes?Blackboxesareflightrecordersplacedinanaircraftforthepurposeofmakingiteasierto

knowhowtheaccidentshappenedinflight.Anairplaneactuallyhastwoblackboxes.Theflightdatarecordercatchestheinformation,whichcandiscoverwhetherhumanerrororinstrumentproblemscontributedtoanaccident.Thecockpit(駕駛艙)voicerecorderrecordspilotvoicesandcockpitsounds.Theblackboxesarenotblack.Theyarepaintedbrightorangetohelpwiththeirrecoveryafteraccidents.Theoutsideiswithstripesofreflectivetape(反光帶).Theblackboxesareusuallyplacedinthetailofaplanewheretheyaremorelikelytosurviveacrash.Aflightdatarecorderisrequiredtostoreatleast25hoursofflightinformation.Acockpitvoicerecorderisrequiredtorecordatleast2hoursofaudioinformation.Fortheblackboxestosurviveacrash,theyarebuilttobewaterproof,fireproof,shockproof,heatandpressureandcorrosionresistant(耐腐蝕).Theblackboxmustbeabletohold3,400timestheforceofgravity,whentheairplanegoesdownatthespeedofabout500km/h.Itmustalsosurviveflamesupto1,100degreesCelsiusforonehour,andtheboxesshouldbeabletogiveoutasignaloncepersecondwhileputunder6,000metersofsaltwaterforatleast30days.Howisdatafromblackboxespickedup?Itneedsspecialskillstophysicallybringtheblackboxesback.Investigatorsmayneedtocleananddrytheblackboxesanddownloaddatafromthem.Ittakestimetodownloadandgettheinformationfromdata.Ifthestoringunitsgowrong,itwilltakelongertime,eitherdaysormonths.So,theblackboxesareveryimportanttoexplaintoeveryonewhathappenedduringtheflight.35．Whatdoestheunlinedword“recovery”inParagraph4mean?A．恢復 B．找回 C．保存 D．覆蓋36．WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Blackboxeshelpusknowhowflightaccidentshappen.B．Ittakeslittletimetodownloaddatafromtheblackboxes.C．Blackboxesarepaintedblackwithstripesofreflectivetape.D．Oneblackboxisintheheadofaplaneandtheotherisinthetail.37．InParagraph5,thewriterusesnumberstoshow________.A．theblackboxesarestrongenoughB．theblackboxescanhelptheplanelandsafelyC．theblackboxescantellpeoplethecauseoftheaccidentD．theblackboxescanholdalotofinformationabouttheplane38．Thispassagemainlytellsus________.A．howlongblackboxeswork B．howblackboxespickupdataC．whatmessagesblackboxescarry D．whatweknowaboutblackboxes參考答案：1．A2．C3．D4．C【解析】【導語】本文主要講述了江夢南的勵志故事。她6歲失聰，但是經過多年的努力，她克服了許多困難實現了自己的夢想。1．細節理解題。根據“Throughlipreadingandselfstudy,Jianglearnedtospeak”可知通過唇讀和自學，江夢南學會了說話。故選A。2．主旨大意題。根據“Moreimportantly,sheishelpinginspire(激勵)disabledchildreninmanyplacestofightforsuccess”以及本段內容可知本段主要介紹了江夢南用了很多方法幫助其他殘疾孩子。故選C。3．細節理解題。根據“Itwasaslowandhardtask,butherparentsnevergaveup.Learningasinglewordcantakeatleast1,000practiceforJiang”可知她的父母帶著她不斷地練習，雖然進步很緩慢，但是他們從不放棄。故選D。4．推理判斷題。本文主要講述了江夢南在逆境中仍然通過不斷努力最終實現了夢想，故從她的故事中我們可以學到有志者事竟成。故選C。5．C6．D7．C8．C9．C【解析】【導語】本文主要介紹了12月9日在天宮空間站舉行的一場特別的講座的情況。5．推理判斷題。根據“aspecialspeechbeganonTiangongspacestationabout400kilometersabovetheearthonDec9,2021”以及“Eightyearsago,withtheassistanceoftwootherShenzhouXastronauts.Wanggavethecountry’sfirstlivespacespeechtoover60millionschoolchildrenacrossChina”可知，2021年是第二次，第一次是在8年前也就是2013，故選C。6．細節理解題。根據“Thoughthesespacespeechesshoweddifferenttopics,theaimtospreadknowledgeaboutmanmadespaceflightsandtomakeyoungpeoplebeinterestedinsciencehasneverchanged”可知，目的是鼓勵年輕人對科學感興趣，故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據“Thespacespeechsometimesfacedthechallengesofthevideofreezingandanunclearpicture,butthisyear’sspeechisdifferent”可推斷，太空演講在過去面臨視頻凍結和畫面不清晰的挑戰，C表述正確，故選C。8．細節理解題。根據“Eightyearsago,Wangshowedstudentsthelawsofphysicsinspace”可知，八年前王亞平第一次進行太空授課，所以b排在第一位，排除A和D選項。緊接著神舟十三號飛船進入太空，進行了第二次的授課，所以d排在第二位，排除B選項，故選C。9．最佳標題題。本文主要介紹了12月9日在天宮空間站舉行的一場特別的講座的情況，所以C選項“一堂特別的課”符合本文標題，故選C。10．C11．B12．A13．D14．B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文中指出聽音樂時將音量調得過高這一習慣對聽力有害，同時介紹了聯合國安全聽力的標準。10．細節理解題。根據“Doyouoftenlistentomusicatloudvolumes(音量)?Youshouldknowthatthishabitisbadforyourhearing”可知，聽聲音大的音樂對聽力有害。故選C。11．細節理解題。根據“Thesoundofabusyroadisabout85dB”可知，繁忙道路的音量約為85分貝。故選B。12．推理判斷題。根據“ifyouareinanoisyplacelikethesubway,youmightturnupyourmusictooloudwithoutrealizingit.”可知，在地鐵里你可能沒有意識到自己把音樂調得聲音太大了，由此推測，在地鐵里調高音樂的聲音是不正確的，A項錯誤。故選A。13．細節理解題。根據“WHOsaidthe‘safelevel’formostsoundisbelow80dBforupto40hoursaweek.”可知，世界衛生組織表示大多數聲音的“安全水平”是低于80分貝，一周少于40小時。故選D。14．標題歸納題。根據第一段“Doyouoftenlistentomusicatloudvolumes(音量)?Youshouldknowthatthishabitisbadforyourhearing”和后文內容可知，本文主要講述了把音量調得過高這一習慣對聽力有害，B項“大聲的噪音對聽力有害”最適合做標題。故選B。15．B16．A17．C18．B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述勞拉通過創建了一項工程，讓學校食堂和餐館把他們未吃掉的食物捐贈給那些無家可歸的庇護所里的兒童。15．細節理解題。根據“Accordingtoaresearch,morethan130billionpoundsofuneaten(未吃的)foodgotowasteinLaura’scountryeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearly(每年的，一年的)foodsupply.”可知，作者通過這些可怕的數字告訴我們食物浪費非常嚴重。故選B。16．細節理解題。根據“Shestartedaprojecttohelpherschooldininghall,togiveawayuneatenfoodtohomelessshelters(庇護所)inhermunity.”可知，勞拉的項目首先是從她的學校食堂得到食物。故選A。17．細節理解題。根據“ItisnotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaura,hopingthatshecouldhelpdevelopthesimilarprojectsfortheirmunities.”可知，其他城市的人們聯系勞拉，希望她能為他們的社區開發類似的項目。故選C。18．標題歸納題。根據“Still,thisprojectisacleverwaytohelpsolvetheproblemoffoodwasteandithelpsthoseinneed.”可知，盡管如此，這個項目還是一個幫助解決食物浪費問題的聰明方法，它幫助了那些有需要的人。可知本文介紹的這個項目可以幫助減少食物浪費，做到食物分享。所以文章標題應為“食物分享計劃”。故選B。19．D20．A21．B22．D【解析】【導語】本文主要講述了因為大量的污染物進入湖泊導致湖泊燃燒，并舉例美國凱霍加河說明人類應該采取措施防止河流污染，也希望其他國家能采取相應的措施，提高環保意識。19．推理判斷題。根據“Muchofthewastefromtheseandalargeamountofthewastewaterfromlocalpeoplerunintothelake.”以及“Theseharmfulmixedthingshaveledthelaketobeecoveredwithathickwhitefoam”可知一些重工業產生的污染被排入到湖泊，這些污染物讓湖面形成了一層厚厚的白色泡沫，當有火花濺到上面時，就容易造成湖泊燃燒，可推知湖泊燃燒主要是因為重工業產生的污染。故選D。20．推理判斷題。通讀這兩段內容可知，美國的凱霍加河之前也發生過燃燒情況，但是美國通過了一項法律來制止污染，之后凱霍加河再也沒發生過燃燒情況，由此可知通過舉例說明了一種可能的解決問題的方法。故選A。21．推理判斷題。根據“Thefirereachedaheightofoverfivefloorsandburnedforabouthalfanhour.Bythattime,peopleinAmericaweremo