海淀區(qū)2022—2023學年第一學期期中練習高三英語本試卷共10頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。AcoupleinItalywhometatanightlybalconyconcertduringthecoronaviruslockdownarebecomingamodern-dayRomeoandJulietinthesamecitywhereShakespeare’sstoryofunfortunateloverstookplace.EddaFarinaandMarcoColombo___1___eachotherduringoneoftheregular6:00pm___2___concertsdesignedtocheerupthecommunity.EddainitiallynoticedMarcowhenshesteppedoutsidetohisviolin___3___onhisbalcony.Shesaid,“ThemusicwaslikeanarrowfiredbyCupid”.Marco,whoalsofellinloveatfirstsight,trackedEddadownonsocialmedia.Thetwokept___4___eachothertillonedayMarcomadeabigbannertohangfromthetopfloorofhisbuildingwithEdda’snameonitto___5___hisloveforher.Theythenhadtheirfirstdateinaparkastherestrictionswere___6___inMay.Itturnedoutthecouplehadlivedinthesameneighbourhoodformuchoftheirlivesbutit___7___aglobalpandemictofinallybringthemtogether.Perhapsthefactthatthecouplecouldleanoneachotherduringthelockdownmeantthattheyhadbuilta___8___foundationbeforetheymetup.AsMarcosharedonhissocialmedia,“Weareconsideringaweddingceremonyonthelargeroofofmyapartmentbuilding,whichwould___9___sincewemetonourbalconies”.Finallyabalconylovestorythatendshappily—oneShakespearehimselfcouldneverhave____10____!1.A.greeted B.recognized C.spotted D.monitored2.A.balcony B.charity C.folk D.square3.A.studio B.talent C.practice D.performance4.A.consulting B.messaging C.dating D.visiting5.A.seek B.declare C.share D.win6.A.lifted B.announced C.introduced D.rejected7.A.caused B.deserved C.needed D.took8.A.sound B.material C.fresh D.basic9.A.workout B.takeeffect C.makesense D.payoff10.A.understood B.adopted C.edited D.anticipated【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.A7.D8.A9.C10.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了疫情期間，一對男女因為陽臺音樂會而相愛故事。【1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：埃達·法里娜和馬爾科·科倫坡是在晚上6點的陽臺音樂會中相遇的，這是一場旨在鼓舞社區(qū)的常規(guī)音樂會。A.greeted歡迎；B.recognized認出；C.spotted發(fā)現；D.monitored監(jiān)視；監(jiān)聽。分析文章可知，埃達·法里娜和馬爾科·科倫坡本身是不認識的兩人，是因為陽臺音樂會才發(fā)現了彼此。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：埃達·法里娜和馬爾科·科倫坡是在晚上6點的陽臺音樂會中相遇的，這是一場旨在鼓舞社區(qū)的常規(guī)音樂會。A.balcony陽臺；B.charity慈善機構；C.folk家人；D.square廣場。下文提到“EddainitiallynoticedMarcowhenshesteppedoutsidetohisviolin3onhisbalcony.（埃達最初注意到馬可是在她走到陽臺上聽他演奏小提琴的時候。）”由此判斷，兩人最初相識的地方是在各自的陽臺上。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：埃達最初注意到馬可是在她走到陽臺上聽他演奏小提琴的時候。A.studio錄音室；B.talent天才；C.practice練習；D.performance表演。前文提到“oneoftheregular6:00pm2concertsdesignedtocheerupthecommunity.（這是一場旨在鼓舞社區(qū)的常規(guī)音樂會。）”由此判斷，陽臺音樂會指的是在陽臺上進行音樂表演。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人不停地發(fā)信息，直到有一天，馬可做了一面大橫幅掛在他的大樓的頂層，上面寫著埃達的名字，以表達他對她的愛。A.consulting咨詢；B.messaging發(fā)信息；C.dating約會；D.visiting拜訪。前文提到“Marco,whoalsofellinloveatfirstsight,trackedEddadownonsocialmedia.（馬可也對埃達一見鐘情，他在社交媒體上找到了愛達。）”且因為疫情的原因居家隔離，因此兩人只能通過互聯網發(fā)送消息進行聯系。故選B。【5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人不停地發(fā)信息，直到有一天，馬可做了一面大橫幅掛在他的大樓的頂層，上面寫著埃達的名字，以表達他對她的愛。A.seek尋找；B.declare宣布；聲明；C.share分享；D.win贏得。前文提到“MarcomadeabigbannertohangfromthetopfloorofhisbuildingwithEdda’snameonit（馬可做了一面大橫幅掛在他的大樓的頂層，上面寫著埃達的名字）”由此判斷，馬可通過在樓頂掛橫幅的行動在現實世界里公開表達了對埃達的愛。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著今年5月禁令的解除，他們在一個公園里進行了第一次約會。A.lifted解除；撤銷；B.announced宣布；C.introduced介紹；D.rejected拒絕。前文提到“Theythenhadtheirfirstdateinapark（他們在一個公園里進行了第一次約會）”能在公園里約會說明居家隔離的禁令解除了。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：事實證明，這對夫婦大半生都住在同一個街區(qū)，但直到一場全球大流行才讓他們終于走到了一起。A.caused造成；引起；B.deserved值得，應受;C.needed需要;D.took花費；遭受。分析句子可知，此處是Ittakessth.todosth.，意為“做……需要付出……（代價）”。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：也許這對夫婦在封鎖期間可以互相依靠的事實意味著他們在見面之前已經建立了一個堅實的基礎。A.sound堅實的；B.material物質的；C.fresh新鮮的；D.basic基礎的。后文提到“Weareconsideringaweddingceremonyonthelargeroofofmyapartmentbuilding（我們正在考慮在我公寓大樓的大屋頂上舉行婚禮）”由此判斷，之前在現實世界中互不認識的兩人，在封鎖期間因為陽臺音樂會而相識，并且在網上互相聯系上彼此最終走向婚姻的殿堂，證明他們在結婚前應該打下了堅實的認知基礎。故選A。【9題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：我們正在考慮在我公寓大樓的大屋頂舉行婚禮，這是有意義的，因為我們是在陽臺上認識的。A.workout解決；實現；B.takeeffect生效；起作用；C.makesense有意義；D.payoff付清；取得成功。后文提到“wemetonourbalconies（我們是在陽臺上認識的）”由此判斷兩人因為在陽臺相識而選擇在屋頂舉行婚禮應該是一件非常有意義的事。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：終于，一個陽臺上的愛情故事圓滿結束了——這是莎士比亞自己都沒有預料到的!A.understood理解；B.adopted收養(yǎng)；采納；C.edited編輯；校訂；D.anticipated預料。文章第一段提到“AcoupleinItalywhometatanightlybalconyconcertduringthecoronaviruslockdownarebecomingamodern-dayRomeoandJulietinthesamecitywhereShakespeare’sstoryofunfortunateloverstookplace.（意大利一對情侶在冠狀病毒封鎖期間在一場夜間陽臺音樂會上相遇，在莎士比亞不幸的戀人故事發(fā)生的同一座城市，他們正在成為現代版的羅密歐與朱麗葉。）”原本是莎士比亞筆下愛情悲劇發(fā)生的地方，但是在疫情期間卻上演了一場愛情的美好結局，這是莎士比亞自己都無法預料的事情。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。CharlesDickenswasbornonFebruary7th,1812,thesonofaclerkattheNavyPayOffice.Hisfather,____11____(continuous)livingbeyondhismeans,wasimprisonedfordebtintheMarshalseain1824.Twelve-year-oldCharles____12____(remove)fromschoolandsenttoworkataboot-blackingfactory,earningsixshillingsaweektohelpsupportthefamily.Thisdarkexperiencecastashadowovertheclever,sensitiveboy.Thechildhoodpovertyandfeelingsofabandonmentwouldbeaheavyinfluence____13____Dickens’laterviewsonsocialreformandtheworldhewouldcreatethroughhisfiction.【答案】11.continuously12.wasremoved13.on##over##upon【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了查爾斯·狄更斯的人生經歷故事?！?1題詳解】考查副詞。句意：他父親一直入不敷出，1824年因債務被囚禁在馬紹爾西。由副詞修飾動詞可知，此處為副詞continuously修飾動詞短語livebeyondhismeans。故填continuously?！?2題詳解】考查動詞。句意：12歲的查爾斯被勒令退學，被送到一家擦鞋廠工作，每周掙6先令，以貼補家用。分析句子可知，此處為謂語動詞的填入，由and連接的sent可知，此處為動詞一般過去時，結合句意可知，主語Charles和動詞remove為被動關系，故為一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結構。故填wasremoved?！?3題詳解】考查介詞。句意：童年的貧困和被遺棄感對狄更斯后來對社會改革的看法以及他通過小說所創(chuàng)造的世界產生了重大影響。beaninfluenceon/over/upon“是對……方面產生影響”為固定短語，故此處為介詞on/over/upon的填入。故填on/over/upon。B閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Farmingwasconsideredpartoftheruralcharminthepast.Butnow,farmshavecometotheconcretejungleandtheycanevenbefoundhighuponbalconies.Accordingtoarecentreport____14____(release)byaChinesee-commerceplatform,thesalesofvegetableseedsinthefirstquarteronT–malldoubledcomparedwiththesameperiodlastyear.Salesofproductssuchasnutrientsoilandgardeningtools____15____(rise)threetimessincelastApril.Outofallthepeople____16____(buy)farmingtoolsandseeds,mostwerebornafter1995.【答案】14.released15.haverisen16.buying【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。在過去，農業(yè)被認為是鄉(xiāng)村魅力的一部分。但現在，農場已經來到了混凝土叢林，甚至可以在高高的陽臺上找到它們。據中國某電子商務平臺最近發(fā)布的一份報告顯示，今年第一季度天貓蔬菜種子銷量較去年同期翻了一番。自去年4月以來，營養(yǎng)土和園藝工具等產品的銷量增長了三倍。在所有購買農具和種子的人中，大多數是95后。【14題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：據中國某電子商務平臺最近發(fā)布的一份報告顯示，今年第一季度天貓蔬菜種子銷量較去年同期翻了一番。分析句子結構可知release與邏輯主語report構成被動關系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填released。【15題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：自去年4月以來，營養(yǎng)土和園藝工具等產品的銷量增長了三倍。根據后文sincelastApril可知應用現在完成時，主語為Salesofproducts，助動詞用have。故填haverisen?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在所有購買農具和種子的人中，大多數是95后。分析句子結構可知buy與邏輯主語people構成主動關系，故用現在分詞作定語。故填buying。C閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Howpeoplethinkabouttheircompetence____17____(influence)howtheylearnandgrow.Peoplewithafixedmindsetbelievethattheirtalentsandqualitiesarepre-determinedandunchanging.Therefore,theyeasilyadoptlimitingbeliefsabout____18____theycanandcannotdo.Thisfixedmindsetcanleadpeopletoavoidchallenges,tofeelthreatenedbyothers’success,andtoturnadeafear____19____thereisanethicalmisbehavior.Onthecontrary,peopledrivenbygrowthmindsetaremoreconvincedthattheir____20____(capable)canbedeveloped,thusmoremotivatedtotakeonchallengesandrespondwelltocriticism.【答案】17.influences18.what19.when##if

20.capability##capabilities【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。人們如何看待自己的能力影響著他們如何學習和成長。心態(tài)固定的人認為他們的才能和品質是預先決定的，是不變的。這種固定的思維模式會導致人們逃避挑戰(zhàn)，對他人的成功感到威脅，對道德上的不當行為充耳不聞。相反，受成長思維驅動的人更相信自己的能力可以得到發(fā)展，從而更有動力接受挑戰(zhàn)并對批評做出良好回應?！?7題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：人們如何看待自己的能力影響著他們如何學習和成長。根據上文think可知為一般現在時，主語為Howpeoplethinkabouttheircompetence，謂語用第三人稱單數形式。故填influences。【18題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：因此，他們很容易對自己能做什么和不能做什么采取限制性的信念。引導賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，指事物應用what。故填what。【19題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：這種固定的心態(tài)會導致人們回避挑戰(zhàn)，對他人的成功感到威脅，并在出現道德不當行為時（如果存在道德上的不當行為）置若罔聞。此處可理解為時間狀語從句，即當有不當行為出現時，表示“當……時候”用when；或條件狀語從句，即如果有不當行為，表示“如果”用if。故填when/if?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：相反，受成長思維驅動的人更相信自己的能力可以得到發(fā)展，從而更有動力接受挑戰(zhàn)并對批評做出良好回應。作從句主語應用名詞capability，該詞即可以是可數名詞，也可以是不可數名詞；作可數名詞時，結合上文their用復數形式。故填capability/capabilities。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。ANia’sfamilymovedoften,findingshelterinroomswithrelatives.Tensionsrosewitheverymoveandshoutingmatcheswereconstant.Wheneverythingcametoaboil,Niafounditbesttokeepsilent.Shebecamemoreandmorewithdrawnasshegotolder,losingconfidenceinherselfandhervoice.Whenshewasayoungadult,Niahaddevelopedafearofspeaking.SowhenafriendtoldheraboutYouthCare’sTileProject,shewasterrified.ButNiawantedtotakestepstofindajobandsupportherself.Shefinallytookadeepbreathanddecidedtogiveitashot.Niasignedupforaceramic(陶瓷)class.Thepassionshegainedforlearninganewcraftwasclear-butwhenitcametogroupactivitiesintheclassroom,Niastruggled.Shetoldstaffthatshedidn’tlikebeingaroundpeopleshedidn’tknow.Sowhentheclasswasgiventheopportunitytoselltheirartworkatalocalfair,Niahesitated.WiththesupportfromYouthCareCareerCoordinator,Kate,shecautiouslyagreed.Whenthebigdaycame,shopperspouredintothefair,approachingNiawithquestionsabouttheprogramandartpiecesforsale.Eachtime,NiaturnedtoKatetowhispertheanswersinherear,andKaterepeatedtheanswersoutloud.Atonepointduringthefair,shewasleftaloneforamoment.Whenacustomercameuptoaskaquestion,Niaansweredwithhesitation.Soonafter,anothervisitorcame.WhenKatereturnedtoherside,Niafoughtbackherfearsandansweredtheirquestionsonherown.Nia’sconfidencegrewwitheveryinteraction.Bytheendoftheday,shewasbeaming.“IwassoimpressedbyNia.Shereallylovedexplainingtocustomershowtofireceramic,”saidKate.“Theartworkshesoldwasthebiggestsaleoftheday!”Thatdayatthefairwaslife-changingforNia.Shediscoveredthatshetrulyenjoyedtalkingtoothers-especiallyaboutart!Withcontinuedsupportfromstafftobuildcommunicationskillsandconfidence,NiacompletedtheTileProjectwithflyingcolors.21.WhatmadeNiafinallydecidetotrytheProject?A.Herfamilyatmosphere. B.Herfriend’spersuasion.C.Herdesiretofindajob. D.Herpassionforceramics.22.Thefairislife-changingforNiabecauseshe.A.discoveredhertrueloveinart B.madethebiggestsaleinthefairCwontherecognitionofcustomers D.gainedconfidencethroughinteraction23.WhatcanweknowaboutNia?AShewasforcedtothefair. B.Shedidverywellthroughoutthefair.C.Shefinishedtheprojectsuccessfully. D.Shewasstrugglinginlearningceramic.【答案】21.C22.D23.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了主人公妮婭通過一次在交易會上的表現，成功地克服了與他人交流的恐懼，建立了通技巧和信心，出色地完成了工作的項目?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“ButNiawantedtotakestepstofindajobandsupportherself.Shefinallytookadeepbreathanddecidedtogiveitashot.”（但妮婭想找份工作養(yǎng)活自己。她終于深吸了一口氣，決定試一試。）可知，她想找工作的愿望是讓她最終決定嘗試這個計劃的。故選C項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段中“Nia’sconfidencegrewwitheveryinteraction.Bytheendoftheday,shewasbeaming.“IwassoimpressedbyNia.Shereallylovedexplainingtocustomershowtofireceramic,”saidKate.”（每和妮婭交流一次，她的信心就增加一次。那天結束時，她滿臉笑容?！澳輯I給我留下了深刻的印象。她非常喜歡向顧客解釋如何燒制陶瓷。”凱特說。）可知，這次交易會改變了妮婭的生活，因為她在互動中獲得了自信。故選D項。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Withcontinuedsupportfromstafftobuildcommunicationskillsandconfidence,NiacompletedtheTileProjectwithflyingcolors.”（在工作人員的持續(xù)支持下，妮婭建立了溝通技巧和信心，出色地完成了瓷磚項目。）故可推知，關于妮婭，我們知道她最終成功地完成了這個項目。ABD選項與原文實意不符。故選C項。BItisourmissiontohelpbusybutcurioushomecooksmakethebestpurchasedecisions.Nowcompileourinformativelistsbelow.KitchnIfyou’rededicatedtolearningtheinsandoutsofcookingandwantafullprogram,KitchnCookingSchooloffersanonlinecoursethatincludes20lessonsover20daysforonly$30eachclass.Eachday,anewtopiciscovered,startingwithknifeskillsandendingwithhowtoplan,cookandthrowadinnerparty.Mostimportantly,theinstructorsvaluethejoyincooking.ThetoneofKitchnislight,playful,andfun,butstillprofessionalandveryinformative.UdemyWithover183,000onlinecoursesavailable,Udemyoffersavarietyofcookingcoursestaughtbyinstructorsaroundthecountry.Manyvideoscomewithbonusmaterialthatincludessuggestionsonkitchentoolsandequipment.Udemyoffersgreatdealswithlargesalesonclasses,aswellasaselectionoffreecontent.Coursescomewithfull,lifetimeaccesswhenpurchasedanda30-day,money-backguarantee.Pricesgenerallyrangefrom$10to$30.RouxbeWidelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschoolamongindustryprofessionals,Rouxbeoffersawidearrayofindividuallessons,plustheirprofessionalcertificateprograms.Membershipcostsaround$15permonthor$99peryear,butRouxbeoftenoffersdiscountsontheirannualmembership,aswellasa30–dayfreetrial.So,ifyou’vebeenstrugglingtocomeupwithrecipestocookathome,Rouxbeisafantasticresourcethatprovidessimple,qualityprofessionalguidance.NYTNYTisrecognizedforitsfoodsectionandoffersalargeselectionofinstructionalcookingvideosonlineforallskilllevels.Forthosewithspecificdietarypreferences,youcaneasilyfindwhatyou’relookingforbyselectingcategorieslikedairy–free,low-carb,highfiberandmore.Membershipfeeisaround$5permonthor$40annuallyforunlimitedaccess.And,nottoworry:Youcancancelatanytime.24.Whichoneismostlikelytoattractvegetarians?A.Kitchn. B.Udemy. C.Rouxbe. D.NYT.25.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Kitchnisrecognizedforitsprofessionalandinformativestyle.B.Udemyoffersrichcookingcoursesbyworldwideinstructors.C.Rouxbeishighlythoughtofbyindustryprofessionals.D.NYTtargetspeoplewithspecificdietarypreferences.26.Whatdothefourschoolshaveincommon?A.Theyofferonlinecourses. B.Theyallowspecialdiscounts.C.Theyprovideextramaterials. D.Theyengagefamousinstructors.27.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparethecookingmethods. B.Torecommendcookingschools.C.Topromotehomecookingskills. D.Tointroducecookingcourses.【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了四個提供在線烹飪課程的學校，旨在幫助忙碌但好奇的家庭廚師做出最佳購買決定?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據NYT部分“Forthosewithspecificdietarypreferences,youcaneasilyfindwhatyou’relookingforbyselectingcategorieslikedairy–free,low-carb,highfiberandmore.（對于那些有特定飲食偏好的人，你可以通過選擇無乳制品、低碳水化合物、高纖維等類別輕松找到你想要的食物。）”可知，NYT最有可能吸引素食者。故選D?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據Kitchn部分“ThetoneofKitchnislight,playful,andfun,butstillprofessionalandveryinformative.（Kitchn的語氣輕快、俏皮、有趣，但仍然很專業(yè)，信息量很大。）”不能推斷出Kitchn以其專業(yè)和信息豐富的風格而聞名。故A項說法錯誤；根據Udemy部分“Withover183,000onlinecoursesavailable,Udemyoffersavarietyofcookingcoursestaughtbyinstructorsaroundthecountry.（Udemy擁有超過183000門在線課程，提供由全國各地的教師教授的各種烹飪課程。）”可知，B項中“worldwideinstructors”說法錯誤；根據Rouxbe部分“Widelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschoolamongindustryprofessionals,（Rouxbe被公認為行業(yè)專業(yè)人士中領先的在線烹飪學校，）”可知，C項“Rouxbe受到行業(yè)專業(yè)人士的高度評價。”說法正確；根據NYT部分“Forthosewithspecificdietarypreferences,youcaneasilyfindwhatyou’relookingforbyselectingcategorieslikedairy–free,low-carb,highfiberandmore.（對于那些有特定飲食偏好的人，你可以通過選擇無乳制品、低碳水化合物、高纖維等類別輕松找到你想要的食物。）”不能推斷出NYT針對有特定飲食偏好的人。故D項說法錯誤。故選C?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據Kitchn部分“KitchnCookingSchooloffersanonlinecoursethat…”、Udemy部分“Withover183,000onlinecoursesavailable…”、Rouxbe部分“Widelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschool…”以及NYT部分“NYTisrecognizedforitsfoodsectionandoffersalargeselectionofinstructionalcookingvideosonlineforallskilllevels.”可知，這四所學校的共同之處是都提供在線課程。故選A。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段的“Itisourmissiontohelpbusybutcurioushomecooksmakethebestpurchasedecisions.Nowcompileourinformativelistsbelow.(我們的使命是幫助忙碌但好奇的家庭廚師做出最佳的購買決定?，F在編織了下面的信息名單。)”以及文中Kitchn、Udemy、Rouxbe和NYT是四所提供在線烹飪課程的學校。本文的寫作目的是推薦這四所學校，以幫助那些忙碌但好奇的家庭廚師做出最佳購買決定。故選B。CNextFrontiersSchoolbookstypicallypresentexplorersasintrepid(勇敢的)individualswho,forexample,sailwoodenshipstonewlands.Buttodaymostexplorerswhoaremakingfundamentaldiscoveriesarescientists.Andwhetherthefrontiersaretiny,likethehumangenome,ormassive,likeourdeepestoceans,westillhavemuchlefttolearnaboutplanetEarth.Thequeststhatmodernscientistspursuerival(比得上)anythinginahistorybookoranadventurenovel.Explorationisscienceinitsmostbasicform—askingquestionsofthenaturalworldand,wehope,usingtheanswersforthebettermentofeverythingonEarth.Explorationhasgreatvalue.Itinspiresus,widensourknowledgeandgivesushopeforabetterfuture.Andthepracticalpayoffscanevenbelifesaving.Scientistswhospentdecadesexploringwhatwasintheatmospherefoundthatovertimetheconcentrationofcarbondioxidewasrising.Withoutthatdiscovery,wehumanswouldnowbelivingliketheproverbialfroginapotofgraduallyheatingwater,unsurewhytheenvironmentaroundusischanging,andslowlyboilingtodeath.Thehumandrivetoovercomechallengesisanessentialaspectofthehumandrivetoexplore,which,inmostcases,spursinnovation.Earlyhumansubmersiblesthatreachedthebottomofthedeepestoceantrenchesmadethetripjustonce,stressedbytheenormouspressuresthere.Buteventuallyamorestress-resistantdeep–submergencevehicle,theLimitingFactor,allowedinvestorandunderseaexplorerVictorVescovotoreachtrenchbottomsnumeroustimes.Nowthereareroughly4,000autonomousArgofloatsacrosstheworld’soceansthatdivedownto2,000feetandresurfaceevery10days.Programmablevesselsgreatlyexpandourreachandreducetherisktothepeopleinvolvedinexploration,allowingforthekindofdiscoverythatthehumanbodymightlimit.TheArgogroupwillalsodeploydozensofsensorseveryyearthatwillgatherbiologicalandchemicaldata,leadingtonewobservationsaboutmarinelife.Otherinstitutionsplantosearchtheseasinunison,sendingdatatoguideshipsthatforwardtheinformationtoresearchersonshore.Oceanresearchgroupshavemadeitaprioritytoopenlysharetheirdiscoveriesanddatawiththepublicandtoinspirethenextgenerationofyoungscientists.Anyonecangoalongfortheride—wecanallbeexplorers.Maybeonedayyou’llexploretheGreatBarrierReef,thedesert,orarain-forestcanopy.CaptainJamesT.KirkbeganeachepisodeoftheoriginalStarTrektelevisionseriesbysaying,“Space,thefinalfrontier.”Notnecessarily.WestillhaveplentytodiscoverrighthereonEarth,andweeagerlyawaitsurprisesfromthenewestworldswefind.28.Theexample“proverbialfrog”inParagraph3isusedto.A.illustratethesignificanceofexploration B.stresstheimportanceofknowledgeC.argueforthenecessityofinnovation D.showtheimpactofglobalwarming29.WecanlearnfromParagraph4and5that.A.thehumandesiretoovercomechallengesleadstoinnovationB.sealifeobservationisthefinalpurposeofoceanexplorationC.thefindingsofoceanexplorationareratherdisappointingD.newtechnologiespushhumanexplorationintheocean30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Fewmodernscientistsaretrueexplorers. B.Thespacewillbehuman’sfinalfrontier.C.Exploringisanin-bornhumanquality. D.Exploringtheearthcanstillbefruitful.【答案】28.A29.A30.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要說明了探索是科學最基本的形式——提出自然世界的問題，我們希望用這些問題的答案來改善地球上的一切。文章論述了探索地球的重要作用和意義?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Explorationhasgreatvalue.Itinspiresus,widensourknowledgeandgivesushopeforabetterfuture.Andthepracticalpayoffscanevenbelifesaving.Scientistswhospentdecadesexploringwhatwasintheatmospherefoundthatovertimetheconcentrationofcarbondioxidewasrising.Withoutthatdiscovery,wehumanswouldnowbelivingliketheproverbialfroginapotofgraduallyheatingwater,unsurewhytheenvironmentaroundusischanging,andslowlyboilingtodeath.(探索有很大的價值。它激勵我們，擴大我們的知識，給我們一個更好的未來的希望。而實際的回報甚至可以挽救生命?？茖W家們花了幾十年的時間探索大氣中的物質，發(fā)現隨著時間的推移，二氧化碳的濃度在上升。如果沒有這一發(fā)現，我們人類現在就會像諺語所說的青蛙一樣生活在逐漸加熱的鍋里，不確定我們周圍的環(huán)境為什么會發(fā)生變化，然后慢慢地沸騰而死)”可推知，第三段中的“諺語青蛙”的例子用來說明探索的重要性。故選A?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Thehumandrivetoovercomechallengesisanessentialaspectofthehumandrivetoexplore,which,inmostcases,spursinnovation.Earlyhumansubmersiblesthatreachedthebottomofthedeepestoceantrenchesmadethetripjustonce,stressedbytheenormouspressuresthere.Buteventuallyamorestress-resistantdeep-submergencevehicle,theLimitingFactor,allowedinvestorandunderseaexplorerVictorVescovotoreachtrenchbottomsnumeroustimes.(人類克服挑戰(zhàn)的動力是人類探索動力的一個重要方面，在大多數情況下，探索動力會刺激創(chuàng)新。早期的人類潛水器到達最深的海溝底部，在巨大的壓力下只進行了一次。但最終，一種更耐壓力的深海潛水器——“限制因子”，讓投資者和海底探險家維克多·維斯科沃得以多次到達海溝底部)”可知，人類克服挑戰(zhàn)的欲望導致了創(chuàng)新。故選A。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Explorationhasgreatvalue.Itinspiresus,widensourknowledgeandgivesushopeforabetterfuture.Andthepracticalpayoffscanevenbelifesaving.(探索有很大的價值。它激勵我們，擴大我們的知識，給我們一個更好的未來的希望。而實際的回報甚至可以挽救生命)”；第四段中“Thehumandrivetoovercomechallengesisanessentialaspectofthehumandrivetoexplore,which,inmostcases,spursinnovation.(人類克服挑戰(zhàn)的動力是人類探索動力的一個重要方面，在大多數情況下，探索動力會刺激創(chuàng)新)”以及最后一段中“WestillhaveplentytodiscoverrighthereonEarth,andweeagerlyawaitsurprisesfromthenewestworldswefind.(我們在地球上還有很多東西要發(fā)現，我們熱切地等待著來自我們發(fā)現的最新世界的驚喜)”可推知，探索地球仍然是富有成效的。故選D。DHumanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesareawaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.Inchemicalterms,mostnaturalfragrancesaremadeupofvolatiles—socalledbecauseoftheirtendencytochangestatessuddenly.Volatilesevaporateeasily,driftingintonoses.Inplants’reproductiveprocesses,smellyvolatilesattractpollinators(授粉昆蟲).Buttheirnaturalapplicationsaremuchmorevaried.IfaninsectchewsthroughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar(稀釋的花蜜)thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom—allthebettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.Butthough“Scent”isastoryofplants’cleverness,itisalsoataleofthehumankind.Peoplehavelongusedfragrancesfortheirownpurposes,particularlyforuseinreligiousceremonies:perfumerecipesonthewallsofanEgyptiantempleinEdfudemonstratejusthowlongingredientshavebeenmixedinpursuitofthebestblend.Sohighlyprizedweresomescentsthat,toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon.Eventuallyscientistsnolongerneedednaturalsourcesforfragrances.In1866afragrancemoleculewasproducedforthefirsttime.Sixteenyearslater,HoubigantParfumreleasedFougèreRoyale,thefirst“modernfantasyperfume”thatcreatesanimaginaryscentratherthancopyinganaturalone.Nowadaysfragrance–makingisdominatedbyman–madecompounds,whichcanbereliablyandaffordablyproducedinlargequantities.Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts,fromtoiletpapertotoothpaste.Scentisaccordinglybigbusiness.Itissaidthataworld–famousfragranceandflavourmanufacturerthatclaimspeopleinteractwithitsproductsupto30timesaday,hadsalesof€3.8bnlastyear.31.AccordingtoParagraph1and2,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Someplantsmightkillthepestswiththeirsmells.B.Fragranceisatoolforplantstoprotectthemselves.C.Peopleinteractwithnatureeasilythroughfragrance.D.Fragrancesarelessimportanttohumansthantoanimalsandinsects.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prized”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Developed. B.Rewarded. C.Mixed. D.Valued.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Humansdonotusefragrancesaspurposefullyasplantsdo.B.Naturalsourcesforfragranceswillbeoutofdateinthefuture.C.Plantsusefragrancestobothattractandsendawaypollinators.D.Man–madefragranceshavetobeproducedbycopyingnaturalones.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PlantsSmell,InsectsPrey B.SmartnessbehindFragranceC.Fragrance:ToMakeorNottoMake D.FragranceConnectsHuman&Nature【答案】31.B32.D33.C34.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。對植物來說，香味是與昆蟲和其他動物互動的一種方式。它們對人的吸引力完全是偶然發(fā)生的。文章主要說明了植物是如何通過香味來保護自己以及繁殖的?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段中“IfaninsectchewsthroughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.(如果一只昆蟲咬穿了一些Bursera植物的葉子，就會噴出一種粘性的、有臭味的液體來困住它。土狼煙草植物甚至更狡猾：一旦嗅到饑餓毛蟲的氣味，它們就會產生揮發(fā)物，吸引捕食者殺死害蟲)”可推知，作者認同香味是植物保護自己的工具。故選B。【32題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞后文“toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon”可知，為了嚇跑競爭對手，阿拉伯商人傳播了一個關于守護肉桂的巨鷹的傳說，可見有些香料非常珍貴，讓商人通過傳說來嚇跑競爭對手。故畫線詞意思是“寶貴的”。故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar(稀釋的花蜜)thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom—allthebettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.(真正令人驚奇的是植物在利用它們的氣味進行繁殖時是多么的狡猾。白花通常在夜間散發(fā)氣味，以吸引夜間傳粉者，如飛蛾。它們產生稀釋的花蜜，鼓勵飛蛾不斷移動，而不是停留在一個單一的花期，這更好地增加授粉。其他花朵在成功授粉后會改變它們的香味，作為昆蟲轉移到其他地方的信號)”可知，植物利用香味來吸引和趕走傳粉者。故選C。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Humanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesareawaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeopleh