廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)考研歷年真題【第一部分:單項(xiàng)填空】1.However,someactors_____uswiththedeepfeelingstheycaninspireinusforacharactertheyareplaying.[單選題]*A.astonishedB.astonishingC.astonish(正確答案)D.isastonished2.Hewasa_____figureintheFrenchfilmindustry.[單選題]*A.dominantlyB.dominant(正確答案)C.dominanceD.dominants3.Themorningafteryourarrival,youmeetwiththe_____physicianforaprivateconsultation.[單選題]*A.residentsB.resident(正確答案)C.residenceD.residences4._____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.[單選題]*A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingC.Nothavingreceived(正確答案)D.Havingnotreceived5.Withlotsoftreesandflowers_____hereandthere,thecitylooksverybeautiful.[單選題]*A.havingplantedB.planted(正確答案)C.havebeenplantedD.tobeplanted6.Ihaveboughttwoball-pens,_______writeswell.[單選題]*A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhich(正確答案)D.noneofwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.[單選題]*A.where(正確答案)B.hatC.whichD.there8.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.[單選題]*A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom(正確答案)9.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.[單選題]*A.why;that(正確答案)B.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what10.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?[單選題]*A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere(正確答案)11.Theyarenotverygood,butwelike_______.[單選題]*A.anywaytoplaybasketballwiththemB.toplaybasketballwiththemanyway(正確答案)C.toplaywiththembasketballanywayD.withthemtoplaybasketballanyway12.Hesentmeane-mail,_______togetfurtherinformation.[單選題]*A.hopedBhoping(正確答案)C.tohopeD.hope13._____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.[單選題]*A.BeingroundedBitwasfoundedC.Founded(正確答案)D.Founding14.The____boywaslastseen______neartheEastLake.[單選題]*A.Missing,playing(正確答案)B.missing,playCmissed,playedDmissed,toplay15.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.[單選題]*A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedDnothavingbeeninvited(正確答案)【第二部分:完形填空】

Anewstudyfoundthatinner-citykidslivinginneighborhoodswithmoregreenspacegainedabout13%lessweightoveratwo-yearperiodthankidslivingamidmoreconcreteandfewertrees.Such__62__tellapowerfulstory.Theobesityepidemicbeganinthe1980s,andmanypeople__63__ittoincreasedportionsizesandinactivity,butthatcan'tbeeverything.FastfoodsandTVshavebeen__64__usforalongtime."Mostexpertsagreethatthechangeswere__65__tosomethingintheenvironment,"sayssocialepidemiologistThomasGlassofTheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Thatsomethingcouldbea__66__ofthegreen.

Thenewresearch,__67__intheAmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicine,isn'tthefirsttoassociategreenerywithbetterhealth,butitdoesgetuscloser__68__identifyingwhatworksandwhy.Atitsmoststraightforward,agreenneighborhood__69__meansmoreplacesforkidstoplay–whichis__70__sincetimespentoutdoorsisoneofthestrongestcorrelatesofchildren'sactivitylevels.Butgreenspaceisgoodforthemind__71__:researchbyenvironmentalpsychologistshasshownthatithascognitive__72__forchildrenwithattention-deficitdisorder.Inonestudy,justreading__73__inagreensettingimprovedkids'symptoms.

__74__tograssyareashasalsobeenlinkedto__75__stressandalowerbodymassindex(體重指數(shù))amongadults.Andan__76__of3,000Tokyoresidentsassociatedwalkablegreenspaceswithgreaterlongevity(長(zhǎng)壽)amongseniorcitizens.

Glasscautionsthatmoststudiesdon't__77__proveacausallinkbetweengreennessandhealth,butthey'renonethelesshelpingspuraction.InSeptembertheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives__78__thedelightfullynamedNoChildLeftInsideActtoencouragepublicinitiativesaimedatexposingkidstotheoutdoors.

Findinggreenspaceisnot__79__easy,andyoumayhavetoworkabittogetyourfamilyalittlegrassandtrees.Ifyouliveinasuburboracitywithgoodparks,take__80__ofwhat'sthere.Yourchildreninparticularwillloveit–andtheirbodiesandmindswillbe__81__toyou.16.[單選題]*A)findings(正確答案)B)thesesC)hypothesesD)abstracts17.

[單選題]*A)adaptB)attribute(正確答案)C)allocateD)alternate18.

[單選題]*A)amongstB)alongC)besideD)with(正確答案)19.

[單選題]*A)gluedB)related(正確答案)C)trackedD)appointed20.

[單選題]*A)scrapingB)denyingC)depressingD)shrinking(正確答案)21.

[單選題]*A)published(正確答案)B)simulatedC)illuminatedD)circulated22.

[單選題]*A)atB)to(正確答案)C)forD)over23.

[單選題]*A)fullyB)simply(正確答案)C)seriouslyD)uniquely24.

[單選題]*A)vital(正確答案)B)casualC)fatalD)subtle25.

[單選題]*A)stillB)alreadyC)too(正確答案)D)yet26.

[單選題]*A)benefits(正確答案)B)profitsC)revenuesD)awards27.

[單選題]*A)outwardB)apartC)asideD)outside(正確答案)28.

[單選題]*A)ImmunityB)ReactionC)Exposure(正確答案)D)Addiction29.

[單選題]*A)muchB)less(正確答案)C)moreD)little30.

[單選題]*A)installmentB)expeditionC)analysis(正確答案)D)option31.

[單選題]*A)curiouslyB)negativelyC)necessarily(正確答案)D)comfortably32.[單選題]*A)relievedB)delegatedC)approved(正確答案)D)performed33.[單選題]*A)merelyB)always(正確答案)C)mainlyD)almost34.[單選題]*A)advantage(正確答案)B)exceptionC)measureD)charge35.

[單選題]*A)elevatedB)mercifulC)contentedD)grateful(正確答案)【第三部分:閱讀理解】

Passage1

WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.

ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.

ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.

Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstospare.

Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.

“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(工匠)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth,”Einsteinwrotein1944.

Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswellknown.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.

Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.

“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”

EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.

“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”

PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.

Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?

“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”36.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?[單選題]*[A]Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.[B]ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.[C]NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.[D]ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.(正確答案)37.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?[單選題]*[A]Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.[B]Hisindependentandabstractthinking.(正確答案)[C]Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.[D]Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.38.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?[單選題]*[A]Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.[B]Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.[C]Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.[D]Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.(正確答案)39.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“...itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Lines1-2,Para.9)?[單選題]*[A]Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.[B]Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.[C]PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.[D]Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.(正確答案)40.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein_______.[單選題]*[A]forgottomakefootnotesandcitations[B]waslittleknowninacademiccircles(正確答案)[C]wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations[D]knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapersPassage2

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoor

countriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressin

bothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,political,andintellectual

developmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthat

educationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomic

developmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuilding

neweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimprove

economicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofa

researchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbe

trainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radically

higherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlong

ago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.

workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneoftheprimarycausesofthepoor

U.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-

assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,

Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanese

counterparts-aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscovered

thatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistently

metbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuilding

industry'swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?We

havetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentof

educationevenwhengovernmentsdon'tforceit.Afterall,that'showeducationgot

started.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn't

havetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanity

begantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.

Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,

theycouldintumaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationis

probablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystems

requiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeable

toescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywith

broaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstrainthe

abilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfor

theforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplain

whyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.41.TheauthorholdsinParagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoor[單選題]*countries[A]issubjecttogroundlessdoubts.[B]hasfallenvictimofbias.[C]isconventionallydowngraded.[D]hasbeenoverestimated.(正確答案)42.ItisstatedinParagraph1thattheconstructionofaneweducationalsystem[單選題]*[A]challengeseconomistsandpoliticians.[B]takeseffortsofgenerations.(正確答案)[C]demandspriorityfromthegovernment.[D]requiressufficientlaborforce.43.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat[單選題]*[A]theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined.[B]theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive.(正確答案)[C]theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation.[D]theU.S.workforceismoreorganized.44.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged[單選題]*[A]whenpeoplehadenoughtime.[B]priortobetterwaysoffindingfood.[C]whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry.(正確答案)[D]asaresultofpressureongovernment.45.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation[單選題]*[A]resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments.[B]doesnotdependoneconomicperformance.[C]followsimprovedproductivity.(正確答案)[D]cannotaffordpoliticalchanges.Passage3

Asymbioticrelationshipisaninteractionbetweentwoormorespeciesinwhichonespecieslivesinoronanotherspecies.Therearethreemaintypesofsymbioticrelationships:parasitism,commensalism,andmutualism.Thefirstandthethirdcanbekeyfactorsinthestructureofabiologicalcommunity;thatis,allthepopulationsoforganismslivingtogetherandpotentiallyinteractinginaparticulararea.

Parasitismisakindofpredator-preyrelationshipinwhichoneorganism,theparasite,derivesitsfoodattheexpenseofitssymbioticassociate,thehost.Parasitesareusuallysmallerthantheirhosts.Anexampleofaparasiteisatapewormthatlivesinsidetheintestinesofalargeranimalandabsorbsnutrientsfromitshost.Naturalselectionfavorstheparasitesthatarebestabletofindandfeedonhosts.Atthesametime,defensiveabilitiesofhostsarealsoselectedfor.Asanexample,plantsmakechemicalstoxictofungalandbacterialparasites,alongwithonestoxictopredatoryanimals(sometimestheyarethesamechemicals).Invertebrates,theimmunesystemprovidesamultipledefenseagainstinternalparasites.

Attimes,itisactuallypossibletowatchtheeffectsofnaturalselectioninhost-parasiterelationships.Forexample,Australiaduringthe1940swasoverrunbyhundredsofmillionsofEuropeanrabbits.TherabbitsdestroyedhugeexpansesofAustraliaandthreatenedthesheepandcattleindustries.In1950,myxomavirus,aparasitethataffectsrabbits,wasdeliberatelyintroducedintoAustraliatocontroltherabbitpopulation.Spreadrapidlybymosquitoes,thevirusdevastatedtherabbitpopulation.Theviruswaslessdeadlytotheoffspringofsurvivingrabbits,however,anditcausedlessandlessharmovertheyears.Apparently,genotypes(thegeneticmake-upofanorganism)intherabbitpopulationwereselectedthatwerebetterabletoresisttheparasite.Meanwhile,thedeadlieststrainsofthevirusperishedwiththeirhostsasnaturalselectionfavoredstrainsthatcouldinfecthostsbutnotkillthem.Thus,naturalselectionstabilizedthishost-parasiterelationship.

Incontrasttoparasitism,incommensalism,onepartnerbenefitswithoutsignificantlyaffectingtheother.Fewcasesofabsolutecommensalismprobablyexist,becauseitisunlikelythatoneofthepartnerswillbecompletelyunaffected.Commensalassociationssometimesinvolveonespecies'obtainingfoodthatisinadvertentlyexposedbyanother.Forinstance,severalkindsofbirdsfeedoninsectsflushedoutofthegrassbygrazingcattle.Itisdifficulttoimaginehowthiscouldaffectthecattle,buttherelationshipmayhelporhindertheminsomewaynotyetrecognized.

Thethirdtypeofsymbiosis,mutualism,benefitsbothpartnersintherelationshipLegumeplantsandtheirnitrogen-fixingbacteria,andtheinteractionsbetweenfloweringplantsandtheirpollinators,areexamplesofmutualisticassociation.Inthefirstcase,theplantsprovidethebacteriawithcarbohydratesandotherorganiccompounds,andthebacteriahaveenzymesthatactascatalyststhateventuallyaddnitrogentothesoil,enrichingit.Inthesecondcase,pollinators(insects,birds)obtainfoodfromthefloweringplant,andtheplanthasitspollendistributedandseedsdispersedmuchmoreefficientlythantheywouldbeiftheywerecarriedbythewindonly.Anotherexampleofmutualismwouldbethebull'shornacaciatree,whichgrowsinCentralandSouthAmerica.ThetreeprovidesaplacetoliveforantsofthegenusPseudomyrmex.Theantsliveinlarge,hollowthornsandeatsugarsecretedbythetree.Theantsalsoeatyellowstructuresatthetipofleaflets:theseareproteinrichandseemtohavenofunctionforthetreeexcepttoattractants.Theantsbenefitthehosttreebyattackingvirtuallyanythingthattouchesit.Theystingotherinsectsandlargeherbivores(animalsthateatonlyplants)andevenclipsurroundingvegetationthatgrowsnearthetree.Whentheantsareremoved,thetreesusuallydie,probablybecauseherbivoresdamagethemsomuchthattheyareunabletocompetewithsurroundingvegetationforlightandgrowingspace.

Thecomplexinterplayofspeciesinsymbioticrelationshipshighlightsanimportantpointaboutcommunities:Theirstructuredependsonawebofdiverseconnectionsamongorganisms.46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcommensalismcanbeinferredfromparagraph1?[單選題]*[A]Itexcludesint