專題七情態動詞和虛擬語氣常考點近兩年考查情態動詞和虛擬語氣的頻率呈上升趨勢。從整體上把握情態動詞的語法特征和語義特征，能夠準確理解不同情態動詞的細微差異，認真區別具有相同功能、意思相近的情態動詞的用法，在真實的交際情景中印證和領悟情態動詞的用法和特征。eq\a\vs4\al(1)情態動詞所表示的多種含義1.can和could的用法①表示能力。如：Icanrunfast.②表示客觀可能性。如：Anexperienceddrivercanhaveanaccidentattimes.③表示請求和允許。用could語氣更委婉。如：—Can/CouldIgonow?—Yes，youcan.④表示猜測、驚異、懷疑、不相信的態度(主要用于否定句、疑問句或驚嘆句中)。如：Canthisbetrue?Howcanyoubesocareless!Thiscannotbedonebyhim.2.may和might的用法①表示許可。如：Youmaydrivethecar.—May/MightIuseyourpen?—No，youmustn't.②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：Mayyousucceed!③表示推測、可能(疑問句不能用于此意)。表推測的might并不是指過去時間，而表示比may把握性略小些。如：Hemaybeverybusynow.④用于表示目的或讓步狀語從句中。如：Nomatterwhatdifficultiesyoumaycomeacross，youshouldn'tgiveup.3.will和would的用法①用于各種人稱，表示“意志”“意愿”“決心”等。如：Itoldhertostopcrying，butshejustwouldnotlisten.②用于第二人稱的疑問句，表示說話人向對方提出請求。用would比用will語氣更客氣。如：Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen?③表示真理或習慣，意為“慣于，總是”。如：Shewilllistentomusicaloneinherroomforhours.Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.4.should的用法①表示現在或將來的責任或義務，意為“應該，應當”，這時它可以和oughtto，besupposedto互換使用。如：Youshould(＝aresupposedto)completeyourtestintime.\②表示有較大可能實現的猜測、推論，通常意為“可能；總該……吧”，相當于beexpectedto。如：Theyshouldbehomebynow，Ithink.③用于第一人稱時可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。如：Ishouldthinkitwouldbebettertotryitagain.④用在條件狀語從句中，表示語氣較強的假設，意為“萬一”，這時也可將should置于從句之首，即將should放在主語前面，而省略從屬連詞if，主句謂語卻不一定用虛擬語氣。如：ShouldI(＝IfIshould)befreetomorrowIwillcome.⑤用來表示意外、驚喜或者在說話人看來是不可思議的。尤其在以why，who，how等開頭的修辭疑問句或某些感嘆句中常常意為“竟會，居然”。如：Agentlemanlikehimshouldberudetoalady!⑥用于虛擬語氣句中(略)。5.oughtto的用法表示應該、推測，相當于should。如：Yououghttotakecareofhim.6.shall的用法①用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人的意愿，有“命令”“警告，威脅，強制”“法令條文規則”和“允諾”等意思。如：YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(表允諾)②在疑問句中，shall用于征求對方的意見或請求指示，常用于第一、第三人稱。如：Shallwegooutforawalk?Whereshallhewaitforus?7.must的用法①表示義務、意圖或建議，意為“必須，應該，禁止(用于否定句中)”。如：Youmustgoandseethatfilm—you'dreallyenjoyit.②表示推測，意為“必定，一定”。[注]must表示推測時的否定式是can't或couldn't(不可能)。③表示主張，意為“硬要，一定要”。如：Ifyoumustgo，atleastwaittilltherainstops.④表示與說話人愿望相反，意為“偏要”。如：Themachinemustbreakdownatthisbusyhour.8.need和dare的用法①need作“必要”講時，既可作情態動詞，也可作實義動詞。作實義動詞時后面的動詞不定式要帶to，其變化與一般動詞相同。作情態動詞時，僅用于否定句或疑問句中。②dare作為情態動詞時，僅用在疑問句、否定句和條件從句中。dare若作實義動詞，后面可接帶to的不定式，此時to也可以省略。dare與need的用法相似。如：Hedarestogotherealone.Heneedstogotherealone.Shedoesn'tdare(to)askherfather.Shedoesn'tneedtoaskherfather.Hedaren'tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd，darehe?9.usedto的用法usedto表示過去的習慣動作或狀態，現在已不存在，在間接引語中，其形式可不變。在疑問句、否定句、否定疑問句或強調句中，可有兩種形式。疑問句·Didyouusetogotothesameschoolasyourbrother?·Usedyoutogotothesameschoolasyourbrother？否定句·Iusedn'ttogothere.·Ididn'tusetogothere.否定疑問句·Usen'tyoutobeinterestedinthetheatre?·Didn'tyouusetobeinterestedinthetheatre？其反意疑問句或簡略回答中，也有兩種形式：Sheusedtobeveryfat，didn'tshe？(正式)/use(d)n'tshe?(口語)—Usedyoutogetupearlyinthemorning?—Yes，Idid(正式)．/Yes，Iusedto.(口語)10.wouldrather(not)do寧愿(不)做11.hadbetter(not)do最好(不)做①I________oftengofishingwhenIlivedinthecountryside.A.shouldB.wouldC.couldD.might②I'vedecidedtotakethejobandI________changemymind.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.won'tD.maynot③“Whateveryouwant，you________haveitonconditionthatyougetthebestresult，”saidtheboss.A.wouldB.oughttoC.shallD.could④—Why________youstayinthecountryside，whereit'snotconvenienttogoshopping?—ButI'vefounditrathervaluableformyhealth.A.canB.mustC.mayD.shall⑤—Ipromiseherdaughter________getanicepresentonherbirthday.—Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.shall⑥Shejustcouldn'tbelievethatherhusband，towhomshehadbeenloyalforsomanyyears，________desertherafterhebecamerich.A.mightB.shouldC.shallD.must⑦—AMr.Smithiswaitingoutsidefortheappointmentwithyou.________hecomein?—Yes，pleaselethimin.A.ShallB.MayC.WillD.Need⑧Heisalwaysontimeforwork.How________itbethathewaslateyesterday?A.canB.mightC.mayD.must⑨—Lucydoesn'tmindlendingyouherdictionary.—She________.I'vealreadyborrowedone.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't【答案】①B②C③C④B⑤D⑥B⑦A⑧A⑨Ceq\a\vs4\al(2)表示“推測”的情態動詞肯定句中用must，may，might，could，當表示理論上的可能性時也可用can；否定句中用can，may，might，could；疑問句中用can，could。用適當的情態動詞填空：①________hebeapoliceman?②He________beapoliceman，butIamnotsure.③He________beapoliceman，forheissoshort.④He________beapoliceman，forheisstrongandbrave.【答案】①Can②may/might/could③can't④musteq\a\vs4\al(3)情態動詞的完成式①musthavedone表示一定做了某事，只用于肯定句中。如：Hemusthavebeenabraveboytenyearsago.②can/couldhavedone用于否定句和疑問句中表示推測。③couldhavedone用于肯定句中表示本可以做而事實上未做到，含有委婉批評或遺憾之意。如：Icouldhavecomeontime，butmycarbrokeontheway.④may/mighthavedone表示可能做了某事，用于肯定句和否定句(意為“可能不”)中。⑤mighthavedone也可以表示本可以做而事實上未做到，含有委婉批評或遺憾之意。如：Shemighthavedonebetterthanthat.⑥should(not)havedone＝ought(not)tohavedone表示本應該做但沒做或本不應該做但做了，含有責備或悔意。如：Ioughtn'ttohavescoldedherforsuchasmallthing.A.表示“(估計)應該已經……”“大概已經……”，即對過去情況的推測。如：Theyleftatnine，sotheyshouldhavearrived(＝probablyhavearrived)homebynow.B.表示“竟然已經……”“居然已經……”，即表示說話人對已經出現的事態感到驚奇、驚喜、懷疑。如：I'msurprisedthatheshouldhavebeensofoolish.⑦needn'thavedone表示本沒必要做某事而實際上做了；didn'tneedtodo表示本沒必要做而實際上也未做。如：Youneedn'thavewalkedsoquicklysincetimewasenough.⑧wouldhavedone用在虛擬語氣句中，表示與過去事實相反。如：Ifhehadtoldmethetruth，Iwouldhavegonethere.⑨wouldlike/lovetohavedone表示本打算做某事而實際上未做。如：Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle，butIwasverybusythen.⑩hadbetterhavedone表示本來最好做某事而實際上未做。如：Youhadbetterhavecomeearlier，butyoudidn't.eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))wouldratherhavedone表示當時寧愿做了或沒做。如：Iwouldratherhaverefusedhisoffer.用適當的情態動詞填空：①Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You________nothaveleftwithoutaword.②Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball，otherwisehe________havescoredagoal.③You________nothaveseenhiminthestreetyesterday，forhehasbeentoJapan.【答案】①should②would/could/might③can/couldeq\a\vs4\al(4)一般疑問句中幾個情態動詞的提問和回答情態動詞的回答要根據具體的句意來判斷。完成下列句子：①—NeedIgotherenow?—Yes，you________．—No，you________．②—MustIdomyhomework?—Yes，you________．—No，you________．③—May/MightIuseyourbike?—Yes，you________．＝Yes，you________．＝Yes，please.＝Sure/Certainly.—No，you________．④—Can/Couldyouhelpmecarrythebag?—Yes，I________．⑤—Will/Wouldyoucometopartytonight?—Yes，I________．—Sorry，butI________．⑥—ShallItellhimaboutit?—No，you________.Itoldhimjustnow.【答案】①must；needn't＝don'thaveto②must；needn't＝don'thaveto③may；can；mustn't/can't④can⑤will；can't⑥needn'teq\a\vs4\al(5)與情態動詞有關的固定短語①may/mightwelldo很可能做may/might(just)aswelldo不妨做②cannot/cannever...too＝cannot/cannever...enough越……越好③wouldratherdo和hadbetterdo④Apencilwilldo(forsth.)＝Apencilwillbesuitable(forsth.)⑤Thecarwon'tstart.＝Thecarcan'tbestarted.①Ireally________thankyouenough.It'sbeenanamazingday.A.needn'tB.shouldn'tC.mustn'tD.cannot②Theseareexcellentphotographsandwe________wellusetheminourmagazine.A.canB.couldC.mustD.may【答案】①D②Deq\a\vs4\al(6)must和haveto①must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而haveto則往往強調客觀需要；②must一般只表示現在時，haveto則有更多的時態形式。用must和haveto的適當形式填空：①I________gonowforIhavegotameeting15minuteslater.②Jenny________tidyuptheroombeforehermothercameback.【答案】①haveto②hadtoeq\a\vs4\al(7)can，could和beableto的區別①can用于現在時，could只用于過去時，beableto可用于各種時態；②表示過去經過努力而做成某事要用was/wereableto，而不用could。用can，could和beableto的適當形式填空：①Althoughthefirewasbig，everyone________escape.②Onlyinthiswaywillyou________finishtheworkintime.【答案】①wasableto②beabletoeq\a\vs4\al(8)will，would，usedtowill，would和usedto均表示“習慣”。①will表示不受時間限制的習慣性動作；②would表示過去習慣性的動作，但不涉及與現在情況的對比，后不能跟狀態動詞；③usedto表示過去習慣的動作或狀態，但這種習慣現在已不存在了。用will，would和usedto填空：①He________belateforschool，butnowheisseldomlate.②She________sitforhourswithoutsayinganything.③He________walkbytheriverinthemorningafterhegotup.【答案】①usedto②will③wouldeq\a\vs4\al(9)虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法虛擬條件句主句與現在事實相反的假設過去時would/could/mightdo與過去事實相反的假設過去完成時would/could/mighthavedone與將來事實相反的假設過去時/shoulddo/weretowould/could/mightdo①錯綜時間條件句(動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作出相應的調整)。②if省略句(在條件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變為倒裝句)。③用介詞或介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的有with，without，butfor。④含蓄條件句。用otherwise或but來體現虛擬語氣。用所給詞的適當形式填空：①Ifyou________(go)tobedearlierlastnight，you________(notbe)sleepynow.②Ifyou________(notattend)themeetingyesterday，you________(notmeet)him.③I________(be)illyesterday.Otherwise，I________(go)there.④I________(give)youmorehelp，butIwastoobusy.⑤ButfortherainlastSunday，we________(have)apicnic.【答案】①hadgone；wouldn'tbe②hadn'tattended；wouldn'thavemet③was；wouldhavegone④wouldhavegiven⑤wouldhavehadeq\a\vs4\al(10)asif/asthough的用法asif/asthough引導的從句表示的情況可能會發生用陳述語氣，表示的情況不可能發生則用虛擬氣。用所給詞的適當形式填空：①Itlooksasifit______________(rain)．②HespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifhe________(be)aChinese.③Theytalkedasifthey______(be)friendsformanyyears.【答案】①isgoingtorain②were③hadbeeneq\a\vs4\al(11)Ifonly...！句型的使用Ifonly＋句子＝HowIwish＋that從句，句中用虛擬語氣。用所給詞的適當形式填空：①IfonlyI________(be)aflyingbird!②IfonlyI________(go)hometomorrow!③LookattheterriblesituationIamin！IfonlyI________(follow)youradvice.【答案】①were②wouldgo③hadfollowedeq\a\vs4\al(12)虛擬語氣在名詞性從句和固定句型中的使用①表示建議、愿望、命令等詞的名詞性從句中，常見的詞有demand，order，require，requirement，insist，suggest，suggestion，propose，proposal，advise，advice，recommend，desire，request，urge等，從句虛擬語氣結構為“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。②Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/...＋that從句，從句中的謂語用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。③wish(that)sb.did(表現在)/had_done(表過去)/would_do(表將來)(三種虛擬形式)④wouldrather(that)sb.did(表現在和將來)/had_done(表過去)(兩種虛擬形式)⑤It's(about/high)timethatsb.didsth./sb.shoulddosth.用所給詞的適當形式填空：①Hisfacesuggestedhe________(be)illandwesuggestedthathe________(send)tohospital.②Heinsistedhe________(be)rightandthathe________(set)free.③Itisnecessarythathe________(send)toMiami.④Iwouldratherhe________(come)tomorrow.⑤It'stimethatwe________(take)measures.⑥IwishI________(see)thefilmyesterday.【答案】①was;(should)besent②was；(should)beset③(should)besent④came⑤took/shouldtake⑥hadseeneq\a\vs4\al(13)名詞性從句在虛擬語氣中的時態如果狀語從句是虛擬語氣，從句或主句中的名詞性從句則根據具體語境確定時態。用所給詞的適當形式填空：①Ifitwerenotthefactthatshe________(can)notsing，Iwouldinvitehertothepartytonight.②Ifyoucametoourschool，youwouldfindthatalibrary________(build)now.【答案】①can②isbeingbuilt1.(2014·江蘇卷)Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,________bringmefood.A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could2.(2014·北京卷)________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Should3.(2014·福建卷)________nomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.A.WerethereB.HadtherebeenC.IfthereareD.Iftherehavebeen4.(2014·安徽卷)Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey________awayinthepast.A.hadthrownB.willbethrowingC.werethrowingD.wouldhavethrown5.(2014·陜西卷)Wewouldratherourdaughter________athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stay6.(2013·江蘇卷)IshouldnothavelaughedifI________youwereserious.A.thoughtB.wouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethought7.(2013·遼寧卷)Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He________toomuchatthepartylastnight.A.coulddrinkB.shoulddrinkC.wouldhavedrunkD.musthavedrunk8.(2013·全國新課標卷)Thedoor________open，nomatterhowhardshepushed.A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.wouldn'tD.mightn't9.(2012·江蘇卷)—Happybirthday!—Thankyou!It'sthebestpresentI________for.A.shouldhavewishedB.musthavewishedC.mayhavewishedD.couldhavewished10.(2012·重慶卷)—________youinterruptnow？Can'tyouseeI'monthephone?—Sorrysir，butit'surgent.A.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.Would【答案】1.C2.A3.A4.D5.C6.C7.D8.C9.D10.C1.Youcan'timaginethatawell－behavedgentleman________besorudetotheold.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would2.Peter________bereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe'sanicepersoningeneral.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.must3.—________itbeLiPingwhobroketheglass?—No.It________beWangHaiwhodidit.A.Could；mayB.Can；canC.May；mustD.Can；must4.Whentheoldmanwasalive，he________sitforhoursatthedoor.A.wouldB.couldC.mustD.might5.—He________havebeensenttohospitalimmediately.—Sohe________，butalleffortsmadenodifference.A.should；wasB.must；didC.oughtto；hadD.can；has6.Hedenied________stolenthesewatchesandinsistedthathe________setfreeatonce.A.having；beB.tohave；beC.having；wasD.tohave；was7.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?—Iwouldhave，butI________sobusythen.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe8.Madonna________astraight－Astudent，butitwasdancingthatshewasreallycrazyabout.A.mustbeB.couldbeC.musthavebeenD.couldhavebeen9.He________havecompletedhiswork，otherwisehewouldn'tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn'tD.can't10.Iwasonthehighwaywhenhiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They________atleast150kilometresanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone11.There________beanydifficultyinpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn'tB.shan'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't12.Helen________goonthetripwithus，butsheisn'tquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can13.—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?—Well，ifyou________know，hernameisMabel.A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall14.“Theinterest________bedividedintofiveparts，accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides，”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall15.—It'shardtobelievethatJack________havefoughtwiththepoliceman.—Yes.Ifone________askfortrouble，itcan'tbehelped.A.would；willB.must；mayC.should；mustD.need；dare16.—Whydidn'tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?—Ididn'twantone，buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI________．A.didB.wouldC.willD.had17.—ShallIgoandbuymorefoodanddrinkfortheparty?—No，wehavepreparedafridgeofthose.That________bequiteenough.A.canB.mayC.mightD.oughtto18.I________upearlythismorning，soIstayedinbeduntil8o'clocka．m.A.needn'thavegotB.didn'tneedtogetC.shouldn'thavegotD.can'thavegot19.He________anactionmovieonTVwhenIcalledhim，forIcouldhearthesoundoffightingoverthephone.A.mustbewatc