初中語法被動語態A.熟記結構被動語態的結構為“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞(p.p)”。被動語態的不同時態是通過be的時態變化來表示的，其人稱和數方面應與主語保持一致。其具體變化為：一般現在時：am/is/are+p.p.一般過去時：was/were+p.p.一般將來時：shall/willbe+p.p.現在完成時：have/hasbeen+p.p.現在進行時：am/is/are+being+p.p.過去將來時：should/wouldbe+p.p.含情態動詞的被動結構：情態動詞+be+p.p.①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople.A.speakB.isspeakingC.speaksD.isspoken②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool.A.weretoldB.istellingC.wastoldD.tells③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.haveB.明確用法被動語態常用于以下兩種情況：1.不知道誰是動作的執行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者;2.強調動作的承受者。例如：這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。Thetree____________bythatboy.C.熟練轉換1.將主動語態變被動語態的基本方法為：①將主動語態的賓語作被動語態的主語;②謂語動詞變為“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態;③主動語態的主語變為介詞by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之后。(有時by短語可以省略)。2.被動語態的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前;否定句是在第一個助動詞后加not;特殊疑問句的語序為：疑問詞+一般疑問句。例如：①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce.(同義句)②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?(改為被動語態)Where______vegetables______?(填were;grown)D.注意特例將主動語態變被動語態應注意幾個特殊情況：1.含雙賓語的主動結構變為被動結構時，有兩種方法：①將間接賓語變為主語，直接賓語保持不變;②將直接賓語變為主語，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導。例如：①Hetoldusastory.(變被動語態)→Weweretoldastory(byhim).或：Astorywastoldtousbyhim.②Hermothergaveheranewpen.(變被動語態)Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.2.短語動詞的被動語態：在變為被動語態時，要將短語動詞視為一個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如：①Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary.A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(變被動語態)Thechildrenwill______________________________(byher).3.含有復合賓語的主動結構變被動結構時，通常將賓語變為被動句的主語，而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。注意：省略to的不定式作賓補時，不定式符號to必須補上。例如：SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingHe__________________swiminQianling4.不定式的被動結構：動詞不定式的被動語態為“tobe+過去分詞”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity.A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.built5.以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉換成被動句時要注意詞序：應將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞by的賓語，但仍然放在句子開頭。例如：Whohasbrokenthecup?(改為被動語態)→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?E.注意區別被動語態和過去分詞作表語的區別：1)含義不同：被動語態強調動作，重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成;而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態。試比較：Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。(系表結構)Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。(被動語態)2)用法不同：過去分詞作表語時可以被so，very，too等程度副詞修飾，而被動語態則不能用so，very，too修飾，而需用much，verymuch，somuch，toomuch修飾。試比較：Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他對科學有極大興趣。(系表結構)IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn'tknowwhattodo.我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。(被動語態)F.牢記(相關)句型初中教材中與被動語態相關的句型有：1.becoveredwith被……覆蓋2.bemadeof由……制作(發生物理變化)bemadefrom由……制作(發生化學變化)bemadein由(某地)制造bemadeby被(某人)制造3.beusedfor被用來……beusedas被當作(作為)……來使用beusedtodosth.被用來做某事4.Itissaidthat...據說……Itishopedthat...希望……Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知……例如：單項選擇1.—Whatdoesyoursisterlikedoinginhersparetime？—ShewatchingTV.A.likesB.likedC.haslikedD.hadliked2.—WhenJessytoNewYork？—Yesterday.A.does;getB.did;getC.has;gotD.had;got3.—Howcleanthebedroomis!—Yes,Iamsurethatsomeoneit.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned4.—Wouldyoupleaselendmeyourbike？—.A.SureB.No,thanksC.NevermindD.Itwasapleasure5.—Don'ttrytoanythingfromme,Mary.—Iknownothingaboutit,mum!Iwassleepingatthattime!A.hearB.cheatC.getD.hide6.—Whydoyougetupsoearlyinthemorning,Tarcy？—Igenerallymakeitatobeupby7toreadEnglish.A.planB.wishC.secretD.rule7.—IthougthyouhadEnglish.—No.Ithasbeenusefulinmywork.A.studiedB.droppedC.failedD.passed8.—Wheredidyougoonholidaythissummer？England？—Youare.Wewentona10-daytourtoParis.A.funnyB.rightC.coolD.close9.—Dothedishes,Mike,orIwilltellmum!—Mindyourown,Sue!A.actionB.dutyC.businessD.way10.—Weneedtoatimetohaveatalk,now!—Whatabouttomorrow？Iamtoobusytoday.A.putupB.fixupC.useupD.lookup11.—MayIwatchTVforawhile？—No,you.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.shouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.won't12.—WhatshouldIdohere？—Justputallthethingstheywere.A.whereB.whenC.whoseD.which13.—Hi,Sunny.Yournewflatissonice!—Thanks,.A.don'tmentionitB.mypleasureC.helpyourselfD.makeyourselfathome14.Theyplantedtreeson_________sideoftheroad.A.both Beach C.all D.every15.—ItisreportedthatitwillrainhardnextSunday.—_______,We’replanningtogoboatingthatday.A．Idon’tthinksoB．IhopesoC．I’mafraidnotD．Ihopenot閱讀理解Goodmorning.Theprogramtodayisaboutmusic.Theword“music”comesfromtheGreekword“muse”.TheMusesarethegoddessesofthearts.Musicisonlyoneofthearts.Itislikethespokenlanguage,butisusessounds.Today'sprogrambringstogethermusicfromdifferentcornersoftheworld.Whoinventedmusic？Whosangthefirstsong？Nooneknowsexactlytheanswerstothesequestions.Butweknowthatmusicplaysanimportantpartinalmosteveryone'slife.Babiesandyoungchildrenlovetohearpeoplesingingtothem.Whentheyarealittleolder,theyliketosingthesongstheyhaveheard.Whenchildrengotoschool,theirworldofmusicgrows.Inthemiddlegradesstudentstakemusiclessons.Whentheyreachhighschool,theybecomeinterestedinlisteningtopopmusic.TherecordswehavechosenforyoutodayareformAmericancountrymusic,Indianmusic,popmusicandsoon.Musichasmeaningforeveryone.Itcanmakepeoplehappyoritcanmakethemsad.Inthisprogramweshallstudythelanguageofmusic.Weshallbetryingtofindoutmoreabouthowmusicworks.Weshalltrytofindouthowmusicsayswhatpeoplefeel.Now,herecomesthemusictoday,Ishallexplainwhytheyareallgoodmusic…1.ThefirstparagraphismainlyabouttheA.stylesofmusicB.historyofmusicC.tasteofmusicD.knowledgeof