考向17長難句與復雜句子分析一、長難句的常見形式1．復合句這些句子往往較長，一個從句套著另一個從句。其實，不管句子有多長、多復雜，它只由兩部分構成，即主干和修飾成分。主干主要指主謂賓結構(如：Iwantaticket.)或主系表結構(如：Themanisateacher.)。而修飾成分在句中只起修飾或補充主干的作用，它既可以是單詞，也可以是短語，更常見的則是從句，尤其是定語從句和狀語從句。應通過仔細分析，將每個修飾成分劃出來，找出句子的主干，這樣整個句子結構就清晰了。Iurgeyoutocontactyourstatelegislatorstomovethislegislationforwardsothatthisweekendwillbeoneofthelasttimeswhenwehaveto“fallback”．分析：此句的主語為I，謂語是urge,sothat引導的結果狀語從句。在結果狀語從句中when引導定語從句。2．分隔結構高考試題中出現較多的分隔結構是插入語、用破折號插入的新話題或補充信息。此外，還有一些句子成分(一般是定語)過長而出現后置，也可以看作是插入現象。“Theresultsareprettyexciting—stronglevelsofreductions—butthereclearlyaregoingtobethingstobelearnedfromtheareaswherethereductionsarenotasgreat.”saidPennStateUniversityprofessorElizabethMcGraw.提醒：分析長難句時務必注意這些非限制性修飾成分，它們打斷了原來的行文邏輯，插入補充了一些額外的信息。3．成分省略或倒裝在英語句子中，用詞簡潔是一條重要的修辭原則。省略主要是為了避免重復，突出關鍵詞并使上下文緊密連接。有時為了強調句子表達的重心，對句子進行倒裝。Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.分析：此句正常語序為：Bytheendofthecentury,ifitisnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.二、長難句突破策略通過語法分析，迅速弄清句子的結構，把握句子的基本框架的基本步驟是：首先，判斷該句是簡單句、并列句還是復合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主語和謂語，再分清句子的附屬成分。方法一：較復雜單句的處理方法——找主謂語，即找主干成分較復雜單句在高考試卷中經常出現，所以應引起同學們的足夠重視。(2020·浙江1月高考閱讀C)Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.分析：主語是Akeyskill，謂語是is，表語是persistence,acharacteristic是同位語，解釋說明persistence。that引導同位語從句，解釋名詞characteristic。方法二：并列復合句的處理方法——找并列連詞Therewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid,butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.分析：句中的but是并列連詞，連接兩個并列單句。方法三：主從復合句的處理方法——找從屬連詞(2020·浙江1月高考閱讀C)Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.分析：該句主語是Akeyfinding,that引導表語從句，從句中含有which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾名詞persistence。方法四：并列和主從復合句并存的處理方法——先讀懂并列復合句，再看主從復合句(2019·北京高考閱讀)“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange，”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecoloroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”分析：but引導兩個并列的主從復合句，but前的主從復合句中是before引導的時間狀語從句，該從句中show后是that引導的賓語從句；but后的主從復合句中，主語是thechange，謂語是willbe,that引導的同位語從句，解釋說明名詞signals的內容。【檢測訓練】一、單項選擇1.Theoldmanwaspuzzledbythefactthat________medicinehetook,________heseemedtobe.A.theless,thebetter B.themost,theworstC.little,well D.themore,andtheworst2.Toenjoythescenery,Iwouldrather________morehoursonthetrainthantravelbyair.A.spend B.tospend C.spending D.spent3.________isnodoubtthattheRioOlympicswereagreatsuccess.A.There B.It C.When D.If4.Astheywereeducatedbythesameteacher,________wasnowonderthattheyshoulddotheworkinasimilarway.A.this B.that C.there D.it5.Workharder,Jim.__________youpractice,__________youcanunderstand.A.Themost;thebest B.Themore;thebetterC.Theless;thebetter D.Theleast;theworst6.---Howwasyourweekend,Bella?---Awful!ItwasthefirsttimeI________aloneathome,boredtodeath.A.hasleft B.hadleft C.hasbeenleft D.hadbeenleft7.Itwasthefirsttimethatshe______suchaheavyrain.A.hadwitnessed B.haswitnessed C.shouldwitness D.witnessed8.Thisiswhymanyyoungpeoplesufferanidentitytrouble___itcomestobeauty.A.when B.how C.that D.where9.—Theweatherforecastsaysit’sgoingtoraintomorrow.—Well,Iprefer___________ratherthan___________onarainyday.A.goingout;stayingathomeB.tostayathome;gooutC.goingout;stayathomeD.stayingathome;togoout10.Youlookrathertired.____________stoptohavearest?A.Howabout B.Whatabout C.Whynot D.Whydon’t11.Wewereheatedlyarguingaboutthefinancialmatter_______thetelephonerangunexpectedly.A.while B.as C.assoonas D.when12.--Iwillneverforgettheday______Icametothenewcampusforthefirsttime.---______.Onsettingfootonthecampus,Iwasimpressed______thebeautyofit.A.which;SowillI;by B.that;NeitherIwill;withC.when;NeitherwillI;by D.when;NeitherwillI;on13.Electricityplays__________partinourlifethatitisunimaginabletolivewithoutit.A.suchimportant B.soimportant C.suchimportanta D.soimportanta14.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe______us.Ithinkit’shightimewe______strongactionsagainsthim.A.hadbetrayed;take B.hadbetrayed;tookC.hasbetrayed;took D.hasbetrayed;take15.___________isrequiredthatundernocircumstances_______hebetrayhismotherlandeveniftherearetemptationslikemoneyorbeauty.A.What;can B.It;could C.It;should D.What;could二、完成句子16.努力減少生產產量并降低我們制作和購買的東西的數量是我們的義務。(cutbackon)________productionandreducethenumberofthings________.17.我們的地球已經遭到嚴重污染了，因此是時候采取措施來改變這種糟糕的狀況了。Sinceourearthhasbeenpollutedterribly,______________________________thatwetookactiontochangethebadcondition.18.——你對考試成績滿意嗎？——非常滿意。這是我最好的成績了。—Areyoucontentwiththeresultoftheexam?—Notalittle.I________one.（“否定詞+比較級”表示最高級含義）19.如果方便的話，請幫我在面包房買點面包。_________________,pleasehelptobuysomebreadformeinthebakery.20.鮑勃經常在健身房運動。難怪他身材那么好。Boboftenworksoutinthegym.____________________.21.如果你不懂中國的餐桌禮儀你有可能使你的朋友感到尷尬。（likely)_________youmakeyourfriendsfeelembarrassedifyoudon'tknowChina'stablemanners.22.It________________methatIhadleftmyumbrellaupstairs.我突然想起我把傘忘在樓上了。23.我正要給他打電話，這時他突然來訪。I________________________ringhimup________hedroppedin.24.如果你能就如何學好英語給我提供一些建議我將不勝感激。I____________________________________youcouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell.25.WheninRome，doastheRomansdo.Soyou’dbettertryto_________________________.入鄉隨俗，因此你得適應那樣去做。26._________________________________________toprotecttheenvironment.該是我們采取措施保護環境的時候了。27.我正要準備放棄搜索時突然注意到灌木叢中有什么東西。Iwas________________________________givingupthesearchwhensomethingcaughtmyeyeinthebushes。28._________________LincolnisoneofthegreatestpresidentsinAmerica.林肯被公認為美國最偉大的總統之一。29._____________shelearns._____________________shewantstolearn.她越學越想學。30.她立刻想到這些是暴風雨到來的信號。________________herthatthereweresignsofanapproachingstorm.31.他寧愿在家里看電視，也不愿去音樂會。HepreferredtostayathomewatchingTV_________________________.32.他是否想和我一起去看電影都沒關系。Itdoesn’tmatter_________________________________________.33.我正要離開學校圖書館，突然發現我的筆記本不見了。I________________________________Ifoundmynotebookmissing.34.________thedisabledpeople.(it作形式主語)開殘疾人的玩笑是不禮貌的。35.事實上，我們已經習慣了它們的存在，甚至可能把它們視為理所當然，卻沒有意識到它們給了我們多少靈感。Infact,weare___________________________________wemayeventakethemforgrantedwithoutrealisinghowmuchinspirationtheyhavegivenus.36.雖然這次考試成績并沒有你預期的那樣好，但是你不能對自己失去信心。Althoughtheresultofthisexamis________________youexpected,youcan'tlosefaithinyourself.37.Theobjectoftheseexperimentswastofindtheconnection,__________________,betweenthetwophenomena.這些實驗的目的就是探索這兩種現象之間的聯系，如果存在著任何聯系的話。38.Myparentswereveryanxiousaboutme,because__________________thatIhadlivedabroadalone.我的父母很擔心我,因為那是我第一次獨自住在國外。39.TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguage____________________.英國人和美國人不但語言相同，而且有很多相同的風俗習慣。(notonly…butalso…)40.Bodylanguageissaidto_______up55%ofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7%.據說身體語言占第一印象的55%而你卻說只有7%。.41.無疑，他的計劃聽起來不錯。_____________________________________________hisplansoundsverygood.42.我曾經有段時間非常討厭英語。_____________________________________________IwastiredofEnglish.43.Inorderto________________________thewomanteacherraisedhervoice.為了讓自己被聽到，那位女老師提高了嗓門。（make+賓語+賓補）44.If