Bytheendofthisclass,youwillbeableto:workoutthecontent,structureandlanguagefeaturesofanexpositoryessay.co-constructanargumentativeessaybycompletingtheoutlinewithtopic-relatedideasandusefulexpressionsintheexpositoryessay.writeanargumentativeessaytogiveyourownopiniononchemicalfarmingandorganicfarming.LearningObjectivesObservethepicturesandwatchthevideoWhatdoyouknowaboutthetwofarmingmethods?chemical/conventionalfarmingorganicfarmingItreliesonchemicalintervention.Pesticidesandherbicidesareappliedtokillpestsandweeds.Chemicalfertilisersareusedtoprovideplantsnutrition.Itcausesmoregreenhousegasemissions,soilerosionandwaterpollution.Itreliesonnaturalprinciples.Ithashigheryieldseveninextremeweatherconditions.Itearnsgreaterprofitsforfarmers.Ituseslessenergy,releaseslesscarbonemissions,conservessoilhealthandcausesnowaterpollution.erosion侵蝕synthetic合成的compost堆肥till之道

耕作

收銀臺leach過濾filtertoxic有毒的Thistextwouldcomparetwofarmingmethods,inawaythattheauthormighthavetochooseoneasabetterideaorsolution.Therecouldbediscussionsaboutthebenefitsand/ortheproblemsofthetwofarmingmethods.ReadthetitleandmakeapredictionWhatcouldtheauthorincludeinthetext?Whydoestheauthorwriteit?ScanthepassageWhatischemicalfarming?Whatisorganicfarming?Chemicalfarmingisfarmingusing__________________________________.Organicfarmingisfarming_________________________________.chemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilizerswithoutusingchemicals近年來，媒體對“農業可持續發展”“食品安全”等問題作了報道，引發了許多討論。化學耕作和有機耕作，哪種方式有利于農業可持續發展并解決食品安全問題呢？某英語報記者對你進行采訪，征求你對此現象的看法，請用英語寫一篇議論文，表達觀點并說明理由注意：詞數應為120-150可適當增加細節以使行文連貫WritingtaskHowcanIwriteanargumentativeessay?Whatarethedifferencesbetweenchemicalfarmingandorganicfarming?Readforthestructure:anexpositoryessay說明文小標題TitleSubject1:chemicalfarmingSubject2:organicfarmingConclusionOrganization:BlockMethod分塊法Presentonesubjectandallitspointsofdiscussion.Thendothesameforthesecondsubject.Discusseachsubjectcompletelywithoutinterruption.ReadforthemainideasMatchthemainideas(A-D)belowwiththeparagraphs.ParagraphMainidea1-2345BCADWhatorganicfarmingisWhyman-madechemicalsarestillusedinfarmingOrganicmethodsforproducingrichsoilTheproblemswithchemicalfarmingReadfordetailsWhydidmanyfarmerswelcometheintroductionofchemicalfarming?Chemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilisershavebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirstintroduced,manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,however,whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople’shealth.Whatconcernsmanypeopleabouttheuseofpesticides?ReadfordetailsWhatisoneproblemwiththeuseofchemicalfertilisers?Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenprohibitedinmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemical

fertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavouraswell.ReadingforusefulexpressionsWhatarethebenefitsandproblemsofchemicalfarming?ParagraphMainIdeaDetail1-2

BenefitsProblems________________________________________________________Pesticidescankillhelpful__________________Somepesticideshavebeen__________becauseofthe___________________.Cropsgrownwithchemicalfertilizersusually_____________tobe__________.TheproblemswithchemicalfarmingfightcropdiseasesandincreaseproductionbacteriaandinsectsprohibiteddamagetheycausedgrowtoofastnutritiousChemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilisershavebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirstintroduced,manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,

however,whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople’shealth.Readforthewritingmethod:

usingtransitions過渡betweenideasPara.1tocontrasttointroduceandemphasizethetrueobjectForexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenprohibitedinmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemical

fertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavouraswell.ReadforthewritingmethodPara2.toexemplify舉例說明tointroduceanewbutrelatedtopictoaddinformationReadfordetailsWhatisthesolutiontoproblemscausedbychemicalfarming?Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.Thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals.Italsokeepstheair,soil,water,andcropsfreeofchemicals.Howisorganicfarmingdifferentfromchemicalfarming?ReadfordetailsWhydoorganicfarmerschangethekindofcropgrowninafieldeveryyear?Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear.Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.Whydifferentcropsaregrownisbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.Forexample,peanutsgrowontheground’ssurface,butmanyothervegetablesputdowndeeproots.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.Whatisthegoalofusingorganicfarmingmethods?ReadforthewritingmethodPara.3Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.Thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals.Italsokeepstheair,soil,water,andcropsfreeofchemicals.toexemplifytointroduceanewbutrelatedtopictoaddinformationPara.4Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear.Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.Whydifferentcropsaregrownisbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.Forexample,peanutsgrowontheground’ssurface,butmanyothervegetablesputdowndeeproots.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.Readforthewritingmethodtoaddinformationtoexemplifytoexplainthereason/causeReadforusefulexpressionsPara.3-4ParagraphMainIdeaDetail3Whatorganicfarmingis

Manyorganicfarmersuse_______________________asfertilizer.4Organicmethodsforproducingrichsoil

Theyoften____________________grownineachfield.Theyalsoplantcropsthatuse______________ofthesoiltohelpkeepitrich.changethekindofcropdifferentdepthsnaturalwastefromanimalsReadfordetailsWhatisoneproblemoforganicfarming?Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.ParagraphMainIdeaDetail5Whyman-madechemicalsarestillusedinfarming

Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthehigh______________________________.demandforfoodaroundtheworldReadforthewritingmethodPara.5Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.toexplainthereason/causetointroduceandemphasizethetruesubjectSummarizeimportantdetailsinpairsComparechemicalfarmingandorganicfarming.BenefitsProblemsSolutionchemicalfarmingorganicfarmingfightcropdiseasesincreaseproductionpesticidessometimesharmlandandpeople’healthchemicalfertilisersmakethefoodnotrichinnutritionandhavelessflavorswitchtoorganicfarmingkeepsoilrichandfreefromdiseasethroughnaturalmeansunabletoservethehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworldthereisstillalongwayfindasuitablesolutionDiscusswithyourpartnerWhatotherbenefitsandproblemsofchemicalfarmingcanyouthinkof?Benefits:reactimmediatelytoseverecropproblemsfertilizeringredientsarecarefullymeasured;farmersknowexactlyhowmuchofagivenelementtheyaddtothesoil?Problems:thesaltsinthefertilizermayburntheplants?DiscusswithyourpartnerWhatotherbenefitsandproblemsoforganicfarmingcanyouthinkof?Benefits:reducecarbonfootprintbychoosingorganic,local,andseasonalproducts?Problems:farmershavelesscontrolofthemineralcontentputintothesoil.growingmultiplecropstakesgreatereffort?Readfortheauthor’sattitudeIstheauthorfororagainstorganicfarming?Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.Whatisyouropiniononchemicalfarmingandorganicfarming?Writeanargumentativeessaygivingyouropiniononchemicalororganicfarming.TopicsentencePoint1Point2Point3ConclusionPara.1Para.2-4Para.5detail(s)detail(s)detail(s)Planwithanoutline1234Completeitasaguidetohelpyoubrainstormamoredetailedplan.Topicsentencetoshareyouropinion(Para.1)Point3withsupportingdetails(Para.4)Point1withsupporting

details(Para.2)Point2withsupportingdetails(Para.2)Conclusion(Para.5)Whatisthefirstpointthatmakesmeapproveoforganicfarming?Whatexplanationorexamplescansupportthispoint?Whatisthesecondpointthatmakesmeapproveoforganicfarming?Whatexplanationorexamplescansupportthispoint?Inwhatsituationdoestheoppositesideofmyopinionmakesense?HowcanIprovethattheoppositepointisnotvalidenough?

HowcanIrestatemyopinioninadifferentbutbriefway?WhatarethemainpointsthatI’vementioned?CompletetheoutlineTopicsentenceInmyopinion,________farmingispreferableto

________farmingbecause_____________________________________.organicorganicchemicalitbenefitsboththeenvironmentandpeopleParagraph3CompletetheoutlinePoint1andsupportingdetailsPoint1:_______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(Detail)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Tip1:RefertotheexpositoryessayChemicalFarmingVSOrganicFarmingforusefulexpressions.Organicfarmingkeepsthesoilrichthroughnaturalmeans.

Organicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.Thismakesthesoilricherinessentialminerals.2.OrganicfarmersplantdiversecropsthatputdifferentParagraph4mineralsbackintothegroundandthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltokeepitrich.CompletetheoutlineAddtransitionstoimprovecoherence,organicfarmingkeepsthesoilrichthroughnaturalmeans.Organicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertilisers.Thismakesthesoilricherinessentialminerals.organicfarmersplantdiversecropsthatputdifferentmineralbackintothegroundandthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltokeepitrich.FirstInaddition,Point2:________________________________________________(Detail)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________CompletetheoutlinePoint2andsupportingdetailsOrganicfarmingbenefitspeople’shealth.1.Incontrasttochemicalfarming,organicfarmingkeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreeofchemicals.Tip2:Supportyouropinionwithdetailsandanexplanationofthe

cause/effect.Theconsumptionoforganicfoodmayreducetheriskofdiseases.2.Thesoilinorganicfarmers’fieldsisricherinminerals.

Itcanhelpproducemorenutritiousfoodandimprovethehealthofpeoplewhodigestit.

Paragraph3CompletetheoutlineAddtransitionstoimprovecoherenceorganicfarmingbenefitspeople’shealth.chemicalfarming,organicfarmingkeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreeofchemicals.theconsumptionoforganicfoodmayreducetheriskofdiseases.thesoilinorganicfarmers’fieldsisricherinminerals,itcanhelpproducemorenutritiousfoodandimprovethehealthofpeoplewhodigestit.

Second,ThusAlso,soIncontrasttoPoint3:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________(Detail)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________CompletetheoutlinePoint3andsupportingdetailsTip:Addingacounter-argument

andarefutationcanmakeyouropinionmoreconvincing.Opponentssaythatorganicfarmingbecauseofitsloweryieldsandthehigherpriceoforganicfood.Organicfarmingisconsideredtobemoresustainable,becauseimportantmineralsinthesoilgenerallymakesitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Itisreasonablethatorganicproductscostmore,asdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsgrowgoodfoodofhigherquality.CompletetheoutlineAddtransitionstoimprovecoherenceOpponentssaythatorganicfarmingbecauseofitsloweryieldsandthehigherpriceoforganicfood.organicfarmingisconsideredtobemoresustainable,becauseimportantmineralsinthesoilgenerallymakesitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops,andorganicfarmingmethodsavoiddamagetothesoil.itisreasonablethatorganicproductscostmore,differentorganicfarmingmethodsgrowgoodfoodofhigherqualityandmoreflavour.Infact,Asfortheprice,asCompletetheoutlineConclusionInshort,Iwouldpreferorganicfarming.Therearemanybenefitsofit,amongthemmakingthesoilricher,causinglessdamagetotheenvironment,andproducingmorenutritiousfoodforpeople.Tip:Rephraseyouropinion.Thensummarizethepointsyouhavemadebefore.DONOTintroducenewinformation.Samplestructuredargumentativeessay1234Inmyopinion,organicfarmingispreferabletochemicalfarmingbecauseitbenefitsboththeenvironmentandpeople.

Point3withsupportingdetails(Para.4)Point1withsupportingdetails(Para.2)Point2withsupportingdetails(Para.3)Conclusion(Para.5)First,organicfarmingkeepsthesoilrichthroughnaturalmeans.

Organicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.Thismakesthesoilricherinessentialminerals.Organicfarmersplantdiversecropsthatputdifferentmineralbackintothegroundandthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltokeepitrich.Second,Organicfarmingbenefitspeople’shealth.Incontrasttochemicalfarming,organicfarmingkeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreeofchemicals.Thustheconsumptionoforganicfoodmayreducetheriskofdiseases.Also,thesoilinorganicfarmers’fieldsisricherinminerals,soitcanhelpproducemorenutritiousfoodandimprovethehealthofpeoplewhodigestit.Opponentssaythatorganicfarmingbecauseofitsloweryieldsandthehigherpriceoforganicfood.Organicfarmingisconsideredtobemoresustainable,becauseimportantmineralsinthesoilgenerallymakesitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Asfortheprice,itisreasona