oreurriculum新時代核心英語教程寫作211UNITComparisonandcontrastComparisonandcontrastalternatingpattern交替式比較blockpattern塊式比較likeness-differencepattern相同—差異式比較KeyTermspoint-by-pointpattern要點式比較subject-by-subjectpattern主題式比較MainContentsStrategiesfororganizingacomparisonandcontrastessaySampleappreciationStrategiesforusingcomparisonandcontrast2.HowtomakeapointaftercomparingandcontrastingtwosubjectsDifficultPoints1.HowtogiveequaltreatmenttothetwosubjectsbeingcomparedExaminethefollowingpairsofsubjectsanddecidewhethereachpairprovidesagoodcomparisonorcontrast.Thenmakeapoint.Anexamplehasbeengivenforyourreference.Activity1ThepairofsubjectsComparisonorcontrastYourpointorpurposeTwostagesofone’slifeContrastToshowthatonehasgrownupandisreadytoacceptchallengesExaminethefollowingpairsofsubjectsanddecidewhethereachpairprovidesagoodcomparisonorcontrast.Thenmakeapoint.Anexamplehasbeengivenforyourreference.Activity1Goingtoalaundryandbuyingawasher-dryerContrastToconvincereadersthatoneoftheitemsissuperiortotheother,orthatyoupreferitExaminethefollowingpairsofsubjectsanddecidewhethereachpairprovidesagoodcomparisonorcontrast.Thenmakeapoint.Anexamplehasbeengivenforyourreference.Activity1ManualworkandmentalworkContrastorComparisonToconvincereadersthatoneoftheitemsissuperiortotheother,orthatyoupreferitToshowthatyouneedtopaypainstakingeffortinbothinordertodoitwellExaminethefollowingpairsofsubjectsanddecidewhethereachpairprovidesagoodcomparisonorcontrast.Thenmakeapoint.Anexamplehasbeengivenforyourreference.Activity1TeachersandactorsComparisonTopersuadereadersthattwoseeminglydifferentpeoplearereallysimilarinimportantwaysExaminethefollowingpairsofsubjectsanddecidewhethereachpairprovidesagoodcomparisonorcontrast.Thenmakeapoint.Anexamplehasbeengivenforyourreference.Activity1TwopoliticiansContrastorComparisonToprovideinsightintotwoseeminglysimilarordifferentpoliticiansExaminethefollowingpairsofsubjectsanddecidewhethereachpairprovidesagoodcomparisonorcontrast.Thenmakeapoint.Anexamplehasbeengivenforyourreference.Activity1ChristmasandtheSpringFestivalContrastorComparisonToprovideinsightintotwoseeminglysimilarordifferentfestivalsExaminethefollowingpairsofsubjectsanddecidewhethereachpairprovidesagoodcomparisonorcontrast.Thenmakeapoint.Anexamplehasbeengivenforyourreference.Activity1EnvyandadmirationContrastToprovideinsightintotwoseeminglysimilaremotionsandpersuadereadersnottobeovercomebyenvyExaminethefollowingpairsofsubjectsanddecidewhethereachpairprovidesagoodcomparisonorcontrast.Thenmakeapoint.Anexamplehasbeengivenforyourreference.Activity1TwoformsofentertainmentContrastorComparisonToprovideinsightintotwoseeminglysimilarordifferentwaysofentertainmentandtopersuadereaderstomakearationalchoiceStrategiesforusingcomparisonandcontrastStrategiesforusingcomparisonandcontrastComparingandcontrastingtheunfamiliarwiththefamiliarisoneofthemostimportanttechniquesusedinwriting.StrategiesforusingcomparisonandcontrastThinkaheadaboutwhatyourreadersalreadyknowandwhattheyaregoingtoexpect.Defineterms.Keepyourcomparisonbalanced.DetermineyouraudienceItshouldprovideameaningfulandworthycomparisonandcontrast.Thecomparisonandcontrastmustbefair.FindasuitabletopicDrawalinedownthecenterofasheetofnotebookpaper.Useonecolumnforeachitemtobecompared.Listthemainpoints,topics,orfeaturesintheleftmarginandthennotedownthecorrespondinginformationabouteachitemineachcolumn.UsechartstodotheprewritingBeforeyoucompareorcontrasttwothings,youshoulddeterminewhatelementstheyhaveincommon.Withoutacommonelement,therewouldbenobasisforanalysisWhentwosubjectsareverysimilar,itisthecontrastthatisworthwritingabout.Whentwosubjectsarenotverymuchalike,youmayexplorethesimilarities.EstablishabasisofcomparisonSelectthepointsyouwanttodiscussbydeterminingyouremphasis—onsimilarities,differences,orboth—andthemajorfocusofyouressay.SelectpointsfordiscussionSelectpointsfordiscussionForinstance,ifyouaregoingtocompareandcontrasttwopeople,youmightconsiderthefollowingelementsinboth.PersonAFamilybackgroundTraitsHobbiesAchievementsPersonBFamilybackgroundTraitsHobbiesAchievementsCompareandcontrastyourpastandpresenttoshowthatyouhavegrownup.Themainpointshavebeenprovidedinthefollowingtable.Activity2MajorpointPastPresentLooksInnerworldCherubicface,smalldelicatenose,darkbrighteyes,shortMatureface,sensitivenose,darkeyes,shortsighted,tall,strongCouldn’tread,didn’tknowwhatwasrightorwrong,dogsasfriends,nosenseoftimeCanread,ownstandardofjudgment,goodpeopleasfriends,findtimefliesCompareandcontrastyourpastandpresenttoshowthatyouhavegrownup.Themainpointshavebeenprovidedinthefollowingtable.Activity2MajorpointPastPresentIndependenceWithparent’ssupportWithoutparent’ssupportStrategiesfororganizingacomparisonandcontrastessayStrategiesfororganizingacomparisonandcontrastessayExplainyourpurposeofwriting.Providethebackgroundinformationwhichpromptsyoutodothewriting.Includeathesisintheintroduction.?Urbanlifeisdifferentfromrurallife.?AcomparisonofrurallifewithurbanlifewillrevealthereasonwhyIprefertoliveinthecountrysidethaninthecityHowtointroduceacomparisonandcontrastessayThreemethodsareusuallyusedfororganizingacomparisonandcontrastessay.theblockorsubject-by-subjectpatternthealternatingorpoint-by-pointpatternthelikeness-differencepatternHowtodevelopthebodyofacomparisonandcontrastessayTheblockorsubject-by-subjectpatternDiscusstheimportantfeaturesofonesubjectandthenturntothesecondsubjectandexplainitsfeatures.Theblockpatternistheeasiestforyoutofollowbutthemostdifficultforreaderstounderstand.Thetwosubjectsshouldgetsimilartreatmentinthesameorder.Thealternatingorpoint-by-pointpatternEachsectionwillcompareoneaspectofthetwosubjects.Thispatternputsthetwosubjectssidebysideundereachpointandthusworksparticularlywellwithlongeressays.Itismoredifficulttoorganizebuteasiertofollow.Thelikeness-differencepatternPutallthesimilaritiesbetweenthesubjectstogetherandallthedifferencestogether.Thispatternissuitedtosubjectswhosesimilaritiesanddifferencesaremoreorlessbalanced.Refertotheoutlineonp.148comparingtwojobs,andthenconvertitintotwootheroutlines,onefollowingtheblockpatternandtheotherthealternatingpattern.1.Outlinefollowingtheblockpattern:Thesis:Onewaytodecidebetweentwojoboffersistoconsiderwhateachjoboffers.Activity3Refertotheoutlineonp.148comparingtwojobs,andthenconvertitintotwootheroutlines,onefollowingtheblockpatternandtheotherthealternatingpattern.IntroductionI.JobXA.SalaryB.FringebenefitsC.AtmosphereD.OpportunitiesforadvancementActivity3Refertotheoutlineonp.148comparingtwojobs,andthenconvertitintotwootheroutlines,onefollowingtheblockpatternandtheotherthealternatingpattern.II.JobYA.SalaryB.FringebenefitsC.AtmosphereD.OpportunitiesforadvancementConclusionActivity3Refertotheoutlineonp.148comparingtwojobs,andthenconvertitintotwootheroutlines,onefollowingtheblockpatternandtheotherthealternatingpattern.2.Outlinefollowingthealternatingpattern:Thesis:Onewaytodecidebetweentwojoboffersistomakeacomparisonoftheirfeatures.Activity3Refertotheoutlineonp.148comparingtwojobs,andthenconvertitintotwootheroutlines,onefollowingtheblockpatternandtheotherthealternatingpattern.IntroductionI.Salaries—approximatelyequalA.JobX’ssalaryB.JobY’ssalaryII.Fringebenefits—thesameA.JobX’sfringebenefitsB.JobY’sfringebenefitsActivity3Refertotheoutlineonp.148comparingtwojobs,andthenconvertitintotwootheroutlines,onefollowingtheblockpatternandtheotherthealternatingpattern.III.Atmosphere—CompanyYmorefriendlyA.AtmosphereatCompanyXB.AtmosphereatCompanyYIV.Opportunitiesforadvancement—JobXbetterA.JobX’sopportunitiesforadvancementB.JobY’sopportunitiesforadvancementConclusionActivity3Therearemoresignificantwaystoconcludeacomparisonandcontrastessaythantomerelysummarizethepoints.urgeanactionlookintothefuturemakeageneralizationbrieflytiethesubjectsandthepurposetogetherHowtoendacomparisonandcontrastessayHowtoholdacomparisonandcontrastessaytogetherYouhavetocreateconnectionsbetweensentencesaswellasbetweenparagraphs..Comparison:like,likewise,same,inthesameway,both,thesameas,similar,andsoonContrast:although,however,different,unlike,eventhough,yet,but,instead,andsoonSampleappreciationSampleappreciationReadtheessaytitled“Women’sWeeklyVersusWomen”onp.150andanswerthefollowingquestions.SampleappreciationSampleappreciation1.Whatisthethesisoftheessay?Doesitcontainaclearplanofdevelopmenttohelpreaderspreviewthecontent?Thethesisisexpressedinthelasttwosentencesofthefirstparagraph:Women’sWeeklyhasbecomeatopmagazineandoffersanoutstandingfrontcover,excellentprintingonqualitypaper,andsubstantialcontent,whichmakesWomen’sWeeklyaperfectcombinationofideas,artistry,andentertainment,butWomeniseverythingatopmagazineisnot.Sampleappreciation1.Whatisthethesisoftheessay?Doesitcontainaclearplanofdevelopmenttohelpreaderspreviewthecontent?Yes,thethesiscontainsaclearplanofdevelopment.Itpredictsthattheessayisgoingtodiscussthreeaspectsofthetwomagazinesintheorderoffrontcover,printqualityandpaper,andcontent.Sampleappreciation2.Inthisessay,thewriterreliesheavilyonexemplificationtosupporthispoints.ListtheexamplesthatthewriterhasusedtoshowhowthecoverofWomen’sWeeklyarouseswomen’scuriosityandinterest.Largephotosofworld-renownedcelebrities,e.g.JuliaRoberts,LeBronJames,andaMissWorld;smallpictureswithhighlights;glossy,professional,andappealingtotheeyes.Sampleappreciation3.Whatisthepurposeofthisessay?Isthepurposeachieved?Theauthor’spurposeistorecommendWomen’sWeeklytothereaderaftercomparingandcontrastingthetwomagazinesandconvincingthereaderofthesuperiorityofWomen’sWeeklyoverWomen.Theauthor’spurposeisachievedbecausetheauthorhasprovidedsufficientspecificrelevantdetailstoillustratehispoint.Sampleappreciation4.Whatpatternofcomparisonandcontrastdoestheessayadopt?Whataretheadvantagesofthispattern?Whatdoyouthinkoftheorderofthethreepointsofcomparison?Theessayadoptsthepoint-by-pointpatternoforganization.Thisisalongessayofmorethan800words.Withthetwomagazinesputsidebyside,thereadercanseeclearlyhowthosecomplexpointsofcomparisonmatchup.Sampleappreciation4.Whatpatternofcomparisonandcontrastdoestheessayadopt?Whataretheadvantagesofthispattern?Whatdoyouthinkoftheorderofthethreepointsofcomparison?Thethreepointsofcomparisonarewellarrangedinneatlogicalorder:fromtheoutsideofthemagazinestotheinside,fromtheleastimportanttothemostimportant,fromlessdevotionofspacetomoredevotionofspace,withthelastpointcoveringaboutthesameamountofspaceofthefirsttwopointscombined.SampleappreciationTheauthor’sconcludingstrategies:Makeageneralization:Women’sWeeklyeclipsesWomenineveryrespect.Makeasummary:Itboastsamoreeye-catchingfrontcover,higherprintquality,andmoreinterestinginformationforthereader.5.Whatstrategiesdoesthewriterusetoendtheessay?Doeshemakeasummaryintheconclusion?Ishejustifiedindoingso?SampleappreciationMakearecommendation:AndWomen’sWeeklyisthemagazineforyou.Lookintothefuture:SpecialistspredictthatWomen'sWeeklywillbecomeahouseholdnamealloverthecountryinthenearfuture.5.Whatstrategiesdoesthewriterusetoendtheessay?Doeshemakeasummaryintheconclusion?Ishejustifiedindoingso?SampleappreciationTiethesubjectsandpurposetogether:Theauthor’spurposeistorecommendWomen’sWeeklytothereader.5.Whatstrategiesdoesthewriterusetoendtheessay?Doeshemakeasummaryintheconclusion?Ishejustifiedindoingso?SampleappreciationTheauthormakesasummaryhereandheisjustifiedindoingso,becausethisisalongessayofmorethan1000words;bytheendoftheessay,readersmighthaveforgottenwhathasbeencomparedandcontrastedinthebodyoftheessay.5.Whatstrategiesdoesthewriterusetoendtheessay?Doeshemakeasummaryintheconclusion?Ishejustifiedindoingso?SampleappreciationLogicalarrangementofideas,fromtheoutsideofthemagazinestotheinside,fromtheleastimportanttothemostimportant6.Whatmajorcoherencedevicesareusedintheessay?SampleappreciationTransitionalexpressionsmakethemovementofideassmoothandnatural.LookatthebeginningsentencesofParagraphs3to8:UnlikeWomen’sWeekly…Whenitcomesto…Incontrast…6.Whatmajorcoherencedevicesareusedintheessay?SampleappreciationThesuperiorityofWomen’sWeeklyoverWomendoesn’tendinthefrontcoverandtheprintquality;Women’sweeklyalso…Asfor…Allinall…6.Whatmajorcoherencedevicesareusedintheessay?Sampleappreciation7.Listtheparallelstructuresusedinparagraph1.Theparallelstructures:…leanback,putyourfeetup,andhaveasipofhotcoffeeanoutstandingfrontcover,excellentprintingonqualitypaper,andsubstantialcontentideas,artistry,andentertainmentSampleappreciationovershadow(Paragraph4),beat(6),andeclipse(8).8.ThewriterusesdifferentwordstoindicatethatWomenisnotasgoodasWomen’sWeeklyinmanyaspects.Findoutthreesynonymsfromtheessaymeaning“tocausesomeoneorsomethingtoseemlessgood,important,ornoticeable.”Sampleappreciation9.Inferthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwordsandexpressionswiththehelpofthecontext.substantial(Paragraph1):largeinamount,valueorimportancedazzle(2):toimpresssb.beauty,skill,etc.glimpse(2):ashortexperienceofsth.thathelpsyoutounderstanditSampleappreciation9.Inferthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwo