中國四大發(fā)明中國古代的四大發(fā)明文明世界，造紙術(shù)、印刷術(shù)、指南針、火藥，開創(chuàng)了文化的先河，每一項(xiàng)發(fā)明都是至關(guān)重要的，四大發(fā)明的發(fā)明人也被載入了史冊。時(shí)間：20XX匯報(bào)人：XXX

中/國/傳/統(tǒng)四/大/發(fā)/明Chinesefourinventionsdirectory目錄造紙術(shù)Papermakingtechnology01印刷術(shù)Artofprinting02指南針Compass03火藥gunpowder04感悟Perception05造紙術(shù)PARTONEpapermakingtechnologypapermakingtechnology造紙術(shù)造紙術(shù)發(fā)明者Inventorofpapermaking——

蔡倫CaiLun約63-121年

About63-121years字敬仲，耒陽人

Jingzhong,fromLeiyang東漢造紙術(shù)發(fā)明家

EasternHanpapermakinginventorstudydiligently韋編三絕春秋時(shí)的書，主要是以竹子為材料制造的，把竹子破成一根根竹簽，稱為竹“簡”，用火烘干后在上面寫字。DuringtheSpringandAutumnperiod,booksweremainlymadeofbamboo,whichwasbrokenintobamboosticksandcalledbamboo"slips".Afterbeingdriedwithfire,theywerewrittenontopofthem.竹簡有一定的長度和寬度，一根竹簡只能寫一行字，多則幾十個(gè)，少則八九個(gè)。Bambooslipshaveacertainlengthandwidth,andeachbambooslipcanonlywriteonelineofcharacters,rangingfromdozenstoeightornine.一部書要用許多竹簡，這些竹簡必須用牢固的繩子之類的東西編連起來才能閱讀。Abookrequiresmanybambooslips,whichmustbewovenandconnectedwithsturdyropesorsimilarmaterialsinordertoberead.studydiligently韋編三絕像《易》這樣的書，當(dāng)然是由許許多多竹簡編連起來的，因此有相當(dāng)?shù)闹亓俊?/p>

Bookslike"Yi"are,ofcourse,connectedbynumerousbambooslips,孔丘花了很大的精力，把《易》全部讀了一遍，基本上了解了它的內(nèi)容。

andthereforehaveconsiderableweight.KongQiuputalotofeffortintoreadingalloftheBookofChangesandbasicallyunderstooditscontent.不久又讀第二遍，掌握了它的基本要點(diǎn)。Soonafter,Ireaditagainandmastereditsbasicpoints.接著，他又讀第三遍，對其中的精神、實(shí)質(zhì)有了透徹的理解。Then,hereaditathirdtimeandgainedathoroughunderstandingofitsspiritandessence.studydiligently韋編三絕在這以后，為了深入研究這部書，又為了給弟子講解，他不知翻閱了多少遍。Afterwards,inordertodelvedeeperintothisbookandexplainittohisdisciples,heflippedthroughitcountlesstimes.這樣讀來讀去，把串連竹簡的牛皮帶子也給磨斷了幾次，不得不多次換上新的再使用。Readingandreadinglikethis,Ihavewornthecowhidestrapsthatconnectthebambooslipsseveraltimes,andhavetoreplacethemwithnewonesmultipletimesbeforeusingthem.即使讀到了這樣的地步，孔子還謙虛地說：“假如讓我多活幾年，我就可以完全掌握《易》的文與質(zhì)了。”出處《史記·孔子世家》

Evenafterreadingtothispoint,Confuciushumblysaid,"IfIweretoliveafewmoreyears,IwouldbeabletofullygraspthetextandqualityoftheBookofChanges.

Mainrawmaterials主要原料檀木，蕘花（雁花），菠蘿葉，草木灰，竹子，馬拉巴粟樹糊等Sandalwood,willowflowers(wildgooseflowers),pineappleleaves,plantash,bamboo,Malabarmilletpaste,etc011、取檀木，雁皮（蕘花）等樹皮，搗碎，加入草木灰等用蒸煮。1.Takethebarkofsandalwood,wildgoosebark(willow),andothertrees,mashthem,addplantash,andsteamthem.022、再將蒸煮過的樹皮原料，放于向陽山上，日曬雨林，不斷翻覆，讓樹皮自然變白。2.ThenplacethesteamedbarkrawmaterialsonXiangyangMountain,exposethemtosunlightintherainforest,andcontinuouslyflipthemovertoallowthebarktonaturallyturnwhite.Mainrawmaterials主要原料033、將樹皮原料等碾碎，浸泡，發(fā)酵，打漿，加入樹糊調(diào)和成漿3.Crush,soak,ferment,beatbarkrawmaterials,etc.,addtreepaste,andmixtoformapulp044、用抄紙器將搗好的紙漿，抄成紙張4.Useapapercuttertomakepaperfromthebeatenpulp055、將抄好后紙張，置于陽光曬干5.Placethecopiedpaperinsunlighttodrypapermakingtechnology造紙術(shù)造紙術(shù)首先傳入朝鮮、日本，再有阿拉伯人傳入歐洲，對世界文明的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。PapermakingwasfirstintroducedtoNorthKoreaandJapan,followedbytheintroductionofArabstoEurope,whichhadaprofoundimpactonthedevelopmentofworldcivilization.造紙術(shù)是中華民族對人類的杰出貢獻(xiàn)。PapermakingisanoutstandingcontributionoftheChinesenationtohumanity.印刷術(shù)PARTTWOartofprintingartofprinting印刷術(shù)印刷術(shù)發(fā)明者Inventorofprintingtechnology——

畢升BiSheng約(972年-1051)年

About(972-1051)years北宋時(shí)期

NorthernSongDynasty發(fā)明家

inventorartofprinting印刷術(shù)制作毛胚M(jìn)akinghairembryos用膠泥刻字Engravecharacterswithadhesive薄如錢唇Thinasacoinlip每字一印Oneprintperword火燒令堅(jiān)Burntomakestrong活字存放Movabletypestorage欲印，則以一鐵范置鐵板上Toprint,placeanironmoldonanironplate其上以松脂\蠟和紙灰之類冒之Itiscoveredwithresin,wax,andpaperashartofprinting印刷術(shù)活字排版

Typesetting乃密布字印，滿鐵范為一板Itisdenselyprintedwithcharacters,andthefullironpatternisoneboard持就火煬之，則字平如砥HoldontothefireandYang,thenthecharacterisasflatasastone活字印刷

movable-typeprinting常作二鐵板Oftenusedasasecondironplate一板已自布字Oneboardhasalreadybeenselfarrangedwithcharacters一板印刷Oneboardprintingartofprinting印刷術(shù)說明對象

descriptionobject特征

features每字為一印

Oneprintperword字是活的

Wordsarealive密布字印

Denseprinting排板是活的

Theboardislive二板更互替之Replaceeachotheronthesecondboard印刷方法是活的Theprintingmethodisactive每字皆有數(shù)印Everywordhasafewprints字印數(shù)目是活的Thenumberofprintedcharactersislive奇字旋刻Strangecharacterrotarycarving做法是活的

Themethodisalive印完后“火令藥熔”，字印“殊不沾污”Afterprinting,thewords"firemakesmedicinemelt"andthewords"donotstain"areprinted可繼續(xù)使用也體現(xiàn)活Cancontinuetouseandreflectvitalityartofprinting印刷術(shù)活板印刷的工作流程Theworkflowofflipchartprintingplating制板print印刷lettering刻字platearrangement排版活字原料Activetyperawmaterials活字刻法Movabletypeengravingmethod活字特點(diǎn)Characteristicsofmovabletype活字成型Movabletypeforming設(shè)鐵板Setironplate冒藥物Counterfeitmedicine排字模Typesettingpattern就火煬JustfireYang平模面Flatmoldsurface一板單印Singleboardprinting二板更互替之Replaceeachotheronthesecondboardartofprinting印刷術(shù)印刷術(shù)發(fā)明以后，首先傳入朝鮮、日本、越南等國，又逐漸向西傳入中亞、西亞和歐洲，對世界文化的傳播與交流起了巨大的推動(dòng)作用。Aftertheinventionofprinting,itwasfirstintroducedtocountriessuchasNorthKorea,Japan,andVietnam,andgraduallyspreadwestwardtoCentralAsia,WestAsia,andEurope,playingahugeroleinpromotingthedisseminationandexchangeofworldculture.指南針PartThreecompasscompass指南針指南針發(fā)明者CompassinventorI——

沈括shenkuo約1041-1048年

Around1041-1048字存中

Characterstorage天文學(xué)家

astronomercompass指南針大約在十二世紀(jì)末到十三世紀(jì)初,指南針由海路傳入阿拉伯,然后由阿拉伯傳入歐洲。Aroundtheendofthe12thcenturytothebeginningofthe13thcentury,thecompasswasintroducedtoArabiabysea,andthentoEuropefromArabia.海路

Searoute阿拉伯

Arab歐洲

Europe火藥Partfourgunpowdergunpowder火藥火藥是中國古代煉丹家在煉丹過程中發(fā)明的GunpowderwasinventedbyancientChinesealchemistsduringtheprocessofalchemy人類最早使用的火藥是黑火藥。

Theearliestgunpowderusedbyhumanswasblackgunpowder它是我國勞動(dòng)人民在一千多年前發(fā)明的。

Itwasinventedbytheworkingpeopleofourcountryoverathousandyearsago.它的發(fā)明，聞名于世，被稱為我國古代科技的四大發(fā)明之一，在化學(xué)史上占有重要的地位。

Itsinventionisworld-famous,knownasoneofthetheFourGreatInventionsofancientscienceandtechnologyinChina,andoccupiesanimportantpositioninthehistoryofchemistry.宋初EarlySongDynastyFirebird,Firebeast火禽、火獸gunpowder火藥火藥武器的發(fā)展TheDevelopmentofGunpowderWeapons燃燒性火器IncendiaryfirearmPearFlowerGun,FireDragonBlade梨花槍、火龍刀Gunpowderarrow火藥箭北宋末——爆炸性火器：霹靂炮LateNorthernSong