Unit8

GreenLivingLesson1詞匯知識·自主學習Ⅰ.根據語境寫出正確的單詞或短語1.beknownas“___________”被稱為“唯我獨尊”2.can’tbe________topickitup 懶得去撿它3.millionsof_______ofwater 數百萬加侖的水4.theworld’sbest-knownexpertonwild___________

世界上最著名的野生黑猩猩專家5.breakopen_____wallstoreachthelight

打破磚墻以獲得光明6.the_____ofaplant 植物根部Just-me-ismbotheredgallonschimpanzeesbrickroots7.makea______________ 打下堅實的基礎

8._______peoplewithbusinessprocesses

讓人們參與到業務流程中9.makeadog_____itstail 讓狗搖尾巴

10.setupan________ 創立一家機構firmfoundationinvolvewaginstituteⅡ.根據語境寫出正確的短語1.Maryfeltherselfforcedto__________(采取行動)todefendherself.

2.DuringtheOlympicGames,journalistsfrom__________________(全世界)cametocovertheevents.

3.Iwon’t___________(懶得做某事)thosetiringanduselessthings.

4.CitieslikeBeijing__________(遭受)terriblesmog,andraincanhelpclearawaypollutedair.

5.Hewasdeterminedtodonatehis_________(數百萬)dollarstobuytheequipmentfortheresearch.

takeactionallaroundtheworldbothertodosufferfrommillionsof6.Theschemehasbeen______(設立)tohelphomelesspeople.

7.____________(除……之外)readingsomepoems,wereadsomenovels.

8.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoare_________________(有影響)intheworld.

9.TheForbiddenCity__________(作為……而出名)oneofthelargestconstructionsintheworld.

10.Myfriendbeganto_______(好轉)afterstayinginhospitalforseveraldays.

setupInadditiontomakingadifferenceisknownaspickupⅢ.根據課文補全句式1.Youknowthatallthosethingsarewrong,but_______(那又怎么樣)?

2.Ofcourse,________________(那沒有關系)iftherewerejustafewpeopleintheworld.

3.______________________________________________________________________________(為了激勵年輕人為環境、動物和他們的社區采取行動),Roots

&

Shootswasestablished.

4.Inadditiontoherresearch,she________________________________________________________(全心全意地致力于環境保護).

sowhatitwouldn’tmatterToinspireyoungpeopletotakeactionfortheenvironment,animalsandtheircommunityhasbeenwhole-heartedlycommittedtoenvironmentalprotection閱讀精析·合作學習

Task1框架宏觀建構:整體理解

1.SkimthepassageandfillintheblanksPara.1:

Whatis“(1)__________”?

Para.2: The(2)__________ofRoots

&

Shoots.

Paras.3～4: The(3)__________ofitsname.

答案:(1)Just-me-ism

(2)establishment

(3)meaning2.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A.Narration(記敘文).

B.ArgumentativeEssay(議論文).C.ExpositoryWriting(說明文). D.PracticalWriting(應用文).答案:C3.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

Thepassageismainlyaboutthecharacteristics,significanceandinfluenceofRoots&Shoots,whichaimsto______youngpeopleto__________fortheenvironment,animalsandtheircommunity.

inspiretakeaction【尋技巧·提能力】記筆記(TakingNotes)筆記是演講中最重要的思想和細節的總結。記筆記可以幫助你更好地理解和記憶。

·第一次聽。關注一般意義。再聽一遍,做筆記。不要把每個單詞都寫下來。只寫主要思想和關鍵詞。

·使用圖表、表格或項目符號。

·使用縮寫詞和符號,例如:

org=組織,yrs=年,↑=增加。

Task2文本微觀剖析:細節探究

1.Choosethebestanswer.(1)Whichoffollowingisnot“Just-me-ism”?A.Leavethetaprunningwhileyoubrushyourteeth.B.Leavealightburningwhenyougoout.C.Dropapieceoflitterandcan’tbebotheredtopickitup.D.Turnoffthelightwhenyougoout.(2)WhenwasRoots

&

Shootsestablished?A.Intheearly1980s.B.Inthelate1980s.C.Intheearly1990s.D.Inthelate1990s.(3)What’sthepurposeofRoots

&

Shoots?A.Toinspireoldpeople.B.Toinspireyoungpeople.C.Toinspiremiddle-agedpeople.D.Toinspirechildren.(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Everyindividualdoesn’tmatter.B.Everyindividualcanmakeadifferencetotheworld.C.Onlyafewpeoplesufferfrom“Just-me-ism”.D.Peoplecan’tlivetogetherinpeacewithnature.答案:(1)～(4)DCBBestablishmentfounderToinspireafirmfoundationbreakopenmattersTask3閱讀思維升華:主題實踐

1.Whyis“just-me-ism”aproblem?(CriticalThinking批判性思維)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.WhatcontributiondoesRoots

&

Shootsmaketosociety?(CriticalThinking批判性思維)________________________________________________________Because“Just-me-ism”oftenshowsself-centre,imposingone’sownopiniononothers,whichcanleadtofailureininterpersonalcommunication.

Ithelpstochangetheworldandmakeitabetterplacetolivein.

3.WhatisyourexplanationforthetwoquotesfromDr.JaneGoodall?(CreativeThinking創造性思維)_________________________________________________________________________________.

It’sanexcitingwaytogetpeopletoworktogethertochangetheworldthroughRoots

&

Shoots要點精研·探究學習1.bothervt.打擾;煩擾;麻煩;花費時間、精力(做某事)n.麻煩;困難*Emailsarebetterforthosebusinesscolleagueswhodon’twanttobebotheredwithsmalltalk.對于那些不想被閑聊煩擾的公司同事,電子郵件要更好一些。*(2020·江蘇高考)Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotknowconstantlybotheredme.我們知道什么和不知道什么這個問題一直困擾著我。*Hedidn’tevenbothertoletmeknowhewascoming.他甚至都沒通知我他要來。*Idon’twanttobotherherwithmyproblemsatthemoment.我此刻不想讓她為我的事操心。*Itbothersmetothinkofheraloneinthatbighouse.想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里,我便坐立不安。*Don’tbother.I’llaskVickytocheckitwhensheleaves.不用麻煩了,等薇姬離開的時候,我會讓她檢查一下。【詞塊積累】bothertodo/doingsth.費心做某事bothersb.with/aboutsth. 為某事打擾或麻煩某人Itbotherssb.that/todosth. 使某人苦惱的是havebother(in)doingsth. 做某事費力【名師點津】bother作“麻煩;困難”講時,是不可數名詞;作“令人煩惱的事物;討厭的人”講時,是可數名詞。

【即學活用】(1)語法填空。①It_______(bother)Tomthathecan’tfindajobthathereallylikes.②Don’tbother_____________(look)formyumbrella,anditwillturnupsomeday.

③I’msorryIhavebotheredyou____somanyquestions.botherstolook/lookingwith(2)一句多譯。你找這所房子找得費力嗎?①Didyou___________________findingthehouse?(bother)

②Didyou_______________________findingthehouse?(trouble/difficulty)

havemuchbother(in)havetrouble/difficulty(in)2.takeaction采取行動*Weneedmoretimetoseehowthingsdevelopbeforewetakeaction.我們采取行動之前需要更多的時間來觀察情況的發展。*It’stimewegotridofthesebadhabitsandtookactiontoprotecttheenvironment.我們是時候改掉這些壞習慣并且采取行動保護環境了。*Jonwillbeoutofactionforweekswithabrokenleg.喬恩斷了一條腿,將有幾個星期不能工作。【詞塊積累】inaction在運轉;在活動中outofaction 失去作用,不能工作put/call/bringsth.intoaction

使……行動起來;使生效;使開始工作takeactiontodosth.=takemeasures/stepstodosth.

采取措施做某事【小詞匯·大文化】Thinktwicebeforeyoutakeaction.三思而后行。【即學活用】(1)Iwanttoseethenewsystem________.

我想去看看正在運行的新系統。(2)Thenewplanfortrafficcontrol____________________onanexperimentbasis.新的交通管理方案正在試行。

inactionisbeingputintoaction3.firmadj.堅實的;牢固的n.商行;公司*Thefirm’semployeeswereexpectinglargebonuses.這家公司的雇員們正期待著大筆的獎金。*Freshfruitshouldbefirmandinexcellentcondition.新鮮水果應該硬實且完好無損。*Alwaysholdfirmtoyourbeliefs.永遠堅守你的信念。*Itisnowfirmlyestablishedasoneoftheleadingbrandsinthecountry.現在它已穩穩地確立為國內主要品牌之一。【詞塊積累】(1)holdfirm(tosth.)堅信;堅持(2)firmly adv.堅定地【即學活用】(1)語法填空。①Iholdfirm__theideathateffortseventuallypayoff.②Imyselfwill______(firm)carryoutthisplan.(2)He________________bythearm.

他緊緊地抓住了她的胳膊。(3)We___________________tosupportthecase.

我們沒有確鑿的證據支持這個論點。tofirmlygraspedherfirmlyhavenofirmevidence4.foundationn.基礎;地基*Thebuildersarenowbeginningtolaythefoundationsofthenewschool.建筑工人正開始給新校舍打地基。*Theirmarriagewasfoundedonloveandmutualrespect.他們的婚姻建立在愛情和互相尊重的基礎上。*Hewasoneofthefoundersoftheuniversity’smedicalfaculty.他是該大學醫學院的創建者之一。【詞塊積累】(1)found

v.創建;建立foundsth.on/uponsth. 把……建立在……上(2)founder n.創建者;創辦者;發起人【名師點津】

found的過去式和過去分詞都是founded;find的過去式和過去分詞為found。【即學活用】(1)語法填空。①Theshopisstillrunbythe________(found)andhistwosons.②Theschoolhasservedthecommunitysinceits__________(found)in1835.(2)They______________________inaruralarea.

他們在農村創辦了一所小學。(3)Histheory__________________他的理論建立在事實的基礎上。founderfoundationfoundedaprimaryschoolisfoundedonfacts.

5.involvevt.包含;涉及;參與;需要*(2019·江蘇高考)Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativepersontobecomeinvolved,includingworkshopsandevents.有很多機會讓有創造力的人參與其中,包括研討會和活動。*Parentsshouldinvolvethemselvesintheirchildren’seducation.父母應當參與孩子的教育。*Thegovernmentshouldtrytoinvolveasmanycitizensaspossibleinprotectingtheenvironment.政府應該讓盡可能多的市民參與到環境保護中來。*Shedislikedhisinvolvementwiththegroupanddislikedhisfriends.她討厭他加入那個團體,也不喜歡他的那些朋友。【詞塊積累】(1)involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人參與(做)某事;使某人牽扯到某事中involvedoingsth.包括做某事;需要做某事(2)involved adj.

有牽連的;有關的;參與的get/beinvolvedin被卷入……之中;熱衷于;專心于be/getinvolvedwithsb./sth.

與某人混在一起;和某事有密切聯系(3)involvement n.參與;加入;插手【名師點津】

involvedadj.作前置定語時,意為“復雜的”;作后置定語時,意為“涉及的”。例如:aninvolvedsentence“一個復雜的句子”;thepeopleinvolved“所涉及的人”。【小詞匯·大文化】InancientChina,however,namingwasverycomplicatedandonepersonusuallyhadseveralnames,andnamesinvolvedxing,shi,ming,andzi.然而在中國古代,起名非常復雜。一個人可以有好幾個名字,包括姓、氏、名、字。【即學活用】(1)語法填空。①Studentsshouldinvolvethemselves__communityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.②Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolved________(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.③Inarecentbook,headvocatedmoregovernment___________(involve)inhealthcare.④Whenshewasyoung,shedidasmanythingsasshecould,likegetting________(involve)insportsteamsandschoolclubs.inspendinginvolvementinvolved(2)Idon’twantto_____________officepolitics.

我不想卷入辦公室政治。getinvolvedin6.Youknowthatallthosethingsarewrong,but_______?

你知道那些都是錯的,但那又怎樣?

sowhat【句式解構】本句sowhat為省略句式,補充完整為Sowhatisit?意為“那有什么了不起?/那又怎么樣?”,指對事情表示不關心或生氣地告訴某人事情與自己無關。*Whatiftheytalkedforalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren’tinterestedin?如果他們長時間談論一幅你不感興趣的畫怎么辦?*—MichaelwaslateforMrSmith’schemistryclassthismorning.—Howcome?AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatetoclass.——邁克爾今天上午在史密斯先生的化學課上遲到了。——怎么會呢?據我所知,他上課從來不遲到的。*—Heisfifteenyearsyoungerthanyou!—Sowhat?——他比你小十五歲呢!——那又怎么樣?【名師點津】英語中常見的省略句式有:Whatif...a.意為“如果……怎么樣”,用于提出建議,b.意為“如果……將會怎樣”,用于提問將會發生的事,通常是令人不快或驚恐的事情。Whatfor?為什么……?/某物有何用?Howcome意為“……是怎么回事,怎么會……”,可以單獨出現在對話的語境中,也可以在howcome后接語序完整的陳述句。【即學活用】①_______wegoandseeafilmtomorrownight?

明天晚上我們去看場電影,你覺得怎么樣?②_________?Wecanstayathomeandwatchfilmsonline.It’sconvenientwithournewandfastnetwork.怎么會呢?我們可以待在家里,在網上看電影。我們的新網絡又快又方便。

③—Hisfatherisveryrich.—_______?Hewouldn’taccepthishelpevenifitwereoffered.

——他父親很富有。——那又怎么樣?即使他提出幫助他,他也不會接受。WhatifHowcomeSowhat7.That’swhatRoots&Shootsisallabout:thevalueandimportanceofeachindividual—human,animalorplant.這就是“根與芽”的全部意義:重視每一個個體的價值和重要性,不管是人、動物還是植物。

【句式解構】本句中what引導表語從句。what為連接代詞,在表語從句中充當介詞about的賓語。*Themillionairehasnofriendsaroundhimbecausewhathecaresaboutmostisonlymoney.那位百萬富翁身邊沒有朋友,因為他最在意的東西只是金錢。*Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.中國不再是過去的那個樣子了。*Willyoushowmewhatyouboughtforyourfather’sbirthday?你能讓我看一下你為你父親的生日買的禮物嗎?【名師點津】what常可用來引導名詞性從句,其在名詞性從句中常可以理解為:所……的(事情等)。【知識延伸】

that和what引導名詞性從句【即學活用】(1)語法填空。①_____weneedmoreequipmentisveryclear.②_____heneedsisacooldrink.③Ourschoolisnot_____itusedtobe.④Thenewscame____oursportsmeethadbeenputoff.ThatWhatwhatthat(2)句型轉換。①Heisnolongerthepersonthatheusedtobe.→Heisnolonger________________.

他已不是過去的他了。②Allthatweneedisyourtimelyhelp.→_____________isyourtimelyhelp.

我們所需要的就是你及時的幫助。whatheusedtobeWhatweneed【拓視野·觀天下】1.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsaidonSaturdaythatithaltedaclinicaltrialofmalariadrughydroxychloroquinetotreatCOVID-19patients,sayingithadnobenefits.周六,美國國家衛生研究院表示,已停止抗瘧藥物羥氯喹用于治療新冠肺炎患者的臨床試驗,稱其沒有任何療效。2.ManyBeijingresidentsgotogreatlengthtoavoidbreathingthecity’ssmoggyair,especiallywhenitreachescriticalpollutionlevels,butonelocalfirmdecidedthatcanningandsellingthispoorqualityairasasouvenirwouldbeagreatidea.許多北京居民竭盡全力避免呼吸城市的霧霾空氣,尤其是當空氣污染達到臨界水平時,但當地一家公司決定將這種劣質空氣裝罐并作為紀念品出售是個好主意。3.SheaskedProfessorMiesenbock,the2019WarrenAlpertFoundationPrizewinner,whatheconsideredwerethebestpersonalqualitiesforconductingscientificresearch.她詢問了2019年沃倫·阿爾珀特基金獎得主米森伯克教授,他認為進行科學研究的最佳個人品質是什么。4.In2020,thousandsofpeopleonlinewereinvolvedineffortstohelpan8-year-old,cancer-strickenboyfromtheUnitedStatestorealizehisdream.2020年,成千上萬的網友參與到幫助一名來自美國的身患癌癥的8歲男孩實現夢想的活動中來。【要點拾遺】1.inspirev.鼓舞,鼓勵;使產生(感覺或情感);賦予靈感,激發想法;啟發;啟示*(2019·天津高考)Iwasextremelyinspiredbytheelegantwaythewordssounded.我被那些優美的聲音所鼓舞。*Ourchallengeistomotivatethosevotersandinspirethemtojoinourcause.我們的挑戰是要激勵那些投票者并鼓勵他們加入我們的事業。*Bothpoetsdrewtheirinspirationfromthecountryside.兩位詩人都是從鄉村獲得他們的靈感。【詞塊積累】(1)inspiresth.insb.=inspiresb.withsth.使某人產生(某種感情)inspiresb.todosth. 鼓舞某人去做某事(2)inspired adj.受到鼓舞的(3)inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的(4)inspiration n.激勵;靈感【巧學助記】巧記“inspire”Iwasinspiredwithyourinspiringremarks,whichbroughtmecreativeinspiration.你鼓舞人心的話激勵了我,給我帶來了創造性的靈感。【即學活用】(1)句型轉換。Whathesaidinspireduswithconfidence.→Whathesaid___________________us.

→Whathesaid____________beconfident.

(2)我們都被他鼓舞人心的演講所激勵。Allofus________________________________.

inspiredconfidenceininspiredustowereinspiredbyhisinspiringspeech2.commitvt.犯(罪,錯誤);承諾*Nevertheless,wemustnotcommitthemistakeofanalyzingprogressonlyfromonepointofview.然而,我們決不能犯只從一個角度來分析進展的錯誤。*Ihavecommittedmyselftosittingontwocommittees.我已承諾擔任兩個委員會的委員。*Mostcrimesarecommittedbyyoungmen.大多數罪行都是年輕人犯下的。*Borrowersshouldthinkcarefullybeforecommittingthemselvestotakingoutaloan.借款人應當慎重考慮之后再行借貸。【詞塊積累】committed

adj.盡心盡力的commitment n.承諾,保證;(對工作或某活動)奉獻,獻身commitsuicide 自殺commitacrime 犯罪commitsb.to(doing)sth. 承諾/保證某人(做)某事becommittedto(doing)sth. 承諾/保證(做)某事【即學活用】(1)語法填空。Aviolentcrime_____________(commit)every32secondsinthisareaofthecitylastyear.

(2)It’snormalforchildrento_______________(犯錯誤).

(3)Her__________________(對工作的奉獻)isbeyondquestion.

wascommittedcommitmistakescommitmenttowork3.setup建立,創立*(2019·北京高考)AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur,whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.愛麗絲·摩爾是一名十幾歲的企業家,她在2015年5月創辦了自己的企業AilieCandy。*Thecitypolicesetuproadblockstocheckpassingvehicles.該市警察設置了路障來檢查過往車輛。*Theoldmanissettingdownhismemoriesofvillagelife.

那位老人正在寫下他對鄉村生活的回憶。*Whensettingoutonalongwalk,alwayswearsuitableboots.出發進行長距離徒步時,總是要穿上合適的靴子。*Weneedtosetaboutfindingasolution.我們需要著手尋找一個解決辦法。*Theysetoffatasteadypace.他們以不緊不慢的速度出發了。【導圖理詞】【小詞匯·大文化】ChinesepeopleliketogotoalargesquarewherehugebellsaresetuponNewYear’sEve.在除夕夜,中國人喜歡去一個大廣場,那里有設置好的大鐘。【即學活用】(1)用恰當的副詞填空。①RalphW.Emersonwouldalwaysset_____newideasthatoccurredtohim.②Inmuchoftheanimalworld,nightisthetimeset_____forsleep—pureandsimple.③Theschoolhasset___aspecialclasstohelpthosepoorlearners.④Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelyset___fortherailwaystation.

⑤Iset___forthecompanyearlierinordertoavoidtheheavytraffic.

downasideoutupoff(2)一句多譯。老師解釋結束之后他開始著手記筆記。①He____________________thenoteaftertheteacherfinishedexplaining.

②He________________thenoteaftertheteacherfinishedexplaining.

setaboutsettingdownsetouttosetdown4.pickup拾起,撿起;收拾,整理;(偶然)學會;用車接某人;收聽到;身體好轉;取回*(2019·北京高考)Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.機器人電話的問題已經變得如此嚴重,以至于許多人現在拒絕接聽他們不知道號碼的電話。*(2018·北京高考)Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.他們不再走幾個街區去接孩子或取回干洗衣物,而是派出自動駕駛的面包車。*(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Don’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.當你在這里挑選一個精彩的科學活動或紀念品來紀念你的訪問時,別忘了去太平洋科學中心的商店。*Ifyoulovehelpingtheenvironment,planttreesorpickuplitter.如果你喜歡保護環境,你可以種樹或撿垃圾。*Bulliespickonyoungerchildren.恃強凌弱的家伙欺負更年幼的孩子。*Ihavebeenpickedouttorepresentthewholeteam.我被挑選出來代表全隊。【導圖理詞】【即學活用】(1)He______________________fromthefloorandpassedittohisfather.

他從地板上撿起報紙,遞給他父親。(2)MothertookMarytothelibraryto___________________________.

媽媽帶瑪麗去圖書館挑選了一本她最喜歡的書。pickedthenewspaperuppickoutonebookshelikesbest語法精講·優化學習Verb-ing和Verb-ed形式【情境探究】觀察上面對話,并完成句子:1.____________________,wealljumpedwithjoy.

聽到這個好消息,我們都高興得跳起來了。2.Thestoryhadasatisfyingending,which___________________.

這個故事有一個令人滿意的結局,這使我們非常滿意。3.The____________shouldberepaired.

這個壞了的鐘應該修理一下。Hearingthegoodnewsmadeusverysatisfiedbrokenclock【要義詳析】

verb-ing和verb-ed形式在句中可以作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語,其具體用法如下:1.作表語(1)verb-ed作表語表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態;而verb-ing作表語多表示事物具有的特性。(2)充當表語的詞語(過去分詞)通常加在系動詞后面。常見系動詞:be動詞:is/am/are/was/were

一“好像”:seem二“保持”:keep,remain三“變化”:become,get,turn五“感官”:look,sound,taste,feel,smell

*Thenewsisencouraging.這個消息令人鼓舞。*Lookattheexcitedboy.看那個興奮的男孩。*Thestoryisterrifying.這個故事很可怕。*Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.他聽到這個消息似乎很高興。2.作定語

verb-ing作定語表示主動,進行;verb-ed作定語,表示被動,完成。(1)單個的過去分詞作定語通常放在被修飾詞之前;過去分詞短語作定語則放在被修飾詞之后,名詞與現在分詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系,并且一般都可以轉化為一個進行時的定語從句。Tom,wearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.=Tom,whoiswearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.有些過去分詞表示特定含義,單獨作定語也放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如:left(剩余的),given(所給的),concerned(有關的)等。另外,單個過去分詞作定語修飾代詞時,應該放在被修飾的詞后面。*Thereisalittletimeleft.Let’shurryup.剩余時間不多了,咱們快點吧。*Iamfondofthefoodcookedbyyourmother.=Iamfondofthefoodthatiscookedbyyourmother.我很喜歡你媽媽做的飯。(2)有些過去分詞作定語既可前置也可后置,意義不變。*Allthebrokenwindowshavebeenrepaired.=Allthewindowsbrokenhavebeenrepaired.所有壞了的窗戶已經修理好了。3.作狀語動詞-ing形式(現在分詞)和動詞-ed形式(過去分詞)在句中作狀語通常作原因、時間、伴隨、條件、結果、讓步狀語等。主語與動詞-ing形式(現在分詞)在邏輯上存在主謂關系,主語與動詞-ed形式(過去分詞)在邏輯上存在動賓關系。*Seeingtheteacher,heranintotheclassroom.一看見老師,他跑進了教室。*Surroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.在一群學生的簇擁下,那位老教師走進了教室。*BeingLeaguemembers,weshouldtaketheleadineverything.作為共青團員,凡事我們都應該起帶頭作用。*Hisparentsdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.他的父母去世了,留給他一大筆錢。*Caughtinaheavyrain,hewaswettotheskin.由于遇上了大雨,他渾身都濕透了。*Gettinguplate,hemissedtheearlytrain.由于起床晚了,他沒有趕上早班火車。*Seenfromspace,ourearthlooksmorebeautiful.從太空看,我們的地球看起來更美。【名師點津】動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式的獨立結構動詞-ing形式短語(現在分詞短語)和動詞-ed形式短語(過去分詞短語)作狀語時,其邏輯主語通常與句子的主語一致,但有時它們可以有自己的獨立主語,這種結構被稱為獨立主格結構。當邏輯主語與其后的動詞是主動關系時,用動詞-ing形式;當邏輯主語與其后的動詞是被動關系時,用動詞-ed形式。*Timepermitting,wecancompletetheproject.如果時間允許,我們就能完成這個項目。(邏輯主語time與permit存在主動關系,獨立主格結構作條件狀語)*Alltheworkdone,theydecidedtotreatthemselvestoamovie.所有的工作都做完了,他們決定去看一場電影犒勞自己。(邏輯主語allthework與do之間存在被動關系,句中獨立主格結構作原因或時間狀語)4.作賓語補足語(1)賓語補足語與賓語是邏輯上的主謂關系,表示主動,用verb-ing。賓語補足語與賓語是邏輯上的動賓關系,即動詞與賓語的關系,表示被動,用verb-ed。(2)可接verb-ing作賓語補足語的動詞有:①動詞feel,hear,lookat,listento,notice,observe,sense,see,watch等可接verb-ing作賓語的補足語。例如:*Iheardhersinginginthenextdoor.當時我聽見她在隔壁唱歌。*Iwatchedthemplayingvolleyballontheplayground.我觀看他們在操場上打排球。②動詞get,have,keep,leave,send,set可接verb-ing作賓語的補足語。*Thearrivalofthepolicesenttherobbersrunningawayquickly.警察的到來使強盜們四處逃竄。*Don’thaveyourgueststandingthereandaskhimtositdown.不要讓你的客人站在那里,請他入座。③現在分詞用在“with+賓語+賓語補足語”這一結構中,現在分詞與賓語之間是主謂關系。*Shefellasleepwiththelightstillburning.她睡著了,燈還亮著。*Alittleboywithtwoofhisfrontteethmissingranintothehouse.一個少了兩顆門牙的小男孩跑進了房子。(3)可接verb-ed分詞作賓語的補足語的動詞有:①表示感覺或心理狀態的詞,如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,think,consider,find等。②表示“致使”或者“保持某種狀態”意義的動詞,如make,get,have,keep,leave等詞。③表示“希望”“請求”“命令”的詞,如watch,wish,like,expect,order等。【即學活用】(1)語法填空。①Thecomputercenter,_______(open)lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.②Thehouse_____(build)100yearsagostillstoodthereaftertheearthquake.③_______(put)onhisclothes,Billwentoutinahurry.④________(arrive)home,hefoundthedoorlocked.⑤While_______(wait)atthedentist’shome,Ireadashortstory.openedbuiltPuttingArrivingwaiting⑥Theteacherstoodthere,___________(surround)bymanystudents.⑦Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoor______(lock).

surroundedlocked(2)________________finallycooleddown.

激動的人們終于冷靜下來。(3)_____________________hewasallwet.

因為淋了一場大雨,所以他全身濕透了。(4)___________________hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYan’an.

當他看到那些圖片時,就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。(5)Sheranuptome,_________________inthewind.

她跑向我,她的頭發在風中飛舞。TheexcitedpeopleCaughtinaheavyrain,Seeingthosepictures,withherhairflying【語法主題應用】使用本單元所學v.-ing和v.-ed相關知識翻譯下面語段

9月份發表的一項研究表明,有一種令人驚訝的方法可以讓人們遠離不健康的食物:改變他們的記憶。加州大學歐文分校的科學家ElizabethLoftus讓志愿者回答一些關于他們性格和食物體驗的問題。“一周后,”Loftus說,“在給這些人喂食后,我們讓他們把答案輸入到我們的智能電腦里,電腦就會記錄下他們的童年早期經歷。”有一些賬戶包括一個關鍵的額外細節。研究者告知他們,他們曾經在吃過草莓冰激凌之后生過病,并隨后通過引導性問題將這一細節修改進人造記憶之中。那些給予錯誤記憶的人中有多達41%的人相信草莓冰激凌曾經讓他們生病,而且許多人說他們會避免吃它。

AstudypublishedinSeptembersuggeststhereisasurprisingwaytogetpeopletoavoidunhealthyfood:changetheirmemories.ScientistElizabethLoftusoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvineaskedvolunteerstoanswersomequestionsontheirpersonalitiesandfoodexperiences.“Oneweeklater,”Loftussays,“havingfedthepeople,wetoldthemtotypetheiranswersintooursmartcomputeranditrecordedtheirearlychildhoodexperiences.”Someaccountsincludedonekeyadditionaldetail.Havingtoldthemthattheyhadgotsickaftereatingstrawberryice-cream,theresearchersthenchangedthisdetailintoamanufacturedmemorythroughleadingquestions.Upto41%ofthosegivenafalsememorybelievedstrawberryice-creamoncemadethemsick,andmanysaidthey’davoideatingit.

六Unit8

Lesson1【語用訓練】Ⅰ.單句語法填空Withsomanythings_________(bother)me,Ihopeyoucanoffermesomepracticaladvice.2.Thegovernmenthastakenaction_________(protect)theairfrombeingpollutedduringthetwoyears.

3.Thereunitedloversheldeachother’shand______(firm)andwalkedaheadtogether.課時素養評價botheringtoprotectfirmly4.Hehasmadeanimportantcontributiontothecompany’ssuccessatthebeginningofits__________(found).5.However,hedidn’tgetthe______(brick)forhishouse.

6.Myteacherencouragedmetoget________(involve)inthediscussion.7.Englishmajorswouldbeaskedtoexplorethe_____(root)oflanguage.8.Itfliesburning5_______(gallon)ofgasperhourintheair.9.AsfarasI’mconcerned,thesethingsare________(harm)fortheirhealth.10.Chinaiscommittedtobuildingacommunitywitha______(share)futureforhumanity.

foundationbricksinvolvedrootsgallonsharmfulsharedⅡ.選詞填空1.Instead,hedecidedto__________onhisown.

2.Eitheryouoryourbrotheristo_______Tomattheairport.

3.Itconsistsof_________pagesofdata.

4.Whatdoyou_______themeetingheldyesterday?

5.Abigsupermarketandmorethantwentydifferentshopshavebeen______heresincelastyear.

takeactionpickupmillionsofthinkofsetup6.TherearemanygovernmentflagsflowingintheUnitedStates____________thenationalflag.

7.Itisbelievedthattheplacewillbecomeaparadiseifallpeoplelive_______.

8.Travelersbroughtbackwonderfulphotosfrom__________________.

Icouldn’tshaketheideathatI’d________________inthelifeofaspeciallittlegirl.

Itisseenascharacterbuildingandachancetoprovethattheycan_______ontheirown.

inadditiontoinpeaceallaroundtheworldmakeadifferencemakeitⅢ.完成句子1.Theywentofftogetherand____________therealone.

他們一起離開了,讓我獨自一人坐在那里。(leavesb./sth.doing)2.“Allright,I’vebeenreadingit._______?”

“Curiositykilledthecat.That’swhat.”“好吧,我是一直在讀這個,那又怎么樣?”“不怎么樣,只是好奇心害死貓。”leftmesittingSowhat3.__________________ifyoucouldacceptmyinvitation.

如果你能接受我的邀請,我會非常感激。(if引導虛擬語氣句)4.It’saverydifficultexamination;areyousure______________?

這次考試很難,你確定你能通過嗎?(makeit)5.______________________wastheway(that/inwhich)shespoketoherfather.

最令我驚奇的是她對她父親說話的方式。(what引導名詞性從句)IwouldappreciateityoucanmakeitWhatsurprisedmemost【主題閱讀】Ⅰ.完形填空(2020·南昌高一檢測)

Wehavespentthousandsofyearsfightingforoursurvival.Yetnowwehave

1

thatourplanetisunderthreat.It’stimewewokeuptotheproble