Unit5DiscoveringUsefulStructuresClue1:ThelanguageisspokeninthecountrieswhereChineseistheofficiallanguage.Clue2:Toseetheworldinabroaderwayisthereasonwhypeoplelearnthelanguage.Clue3:IstartedtolearnthelanguageatthetimewhenIwasstillinthekindergarten.LeadinEnglish定語從句的關系副詞關系副詞先行詞句中成分where地點地點狀語when時間時間狀語why原因原因狀語關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞where(=in/at/onwhich)when(=on/during/inwhich)why(=forwhich)IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttravelledbyplane.Wewillneverforgettheyearwhenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.關系副詞when引導定語從句時，先行詞應是表示時間的名詞，關系詞在從句中作時間狀語。They’llneverforgetJuly1whenHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.定語從句的關系副詞1.whenonwhichwhen引導的定語從句修飾表示時間的名詞,

如time,

morning,day,week,month,year,

date,moment等,在定語從句中時間狀語,相當于“地點介詞+which”。Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn'tcometohisbirthdayparty?關系副詞why引導定語從句時，先行詞常常為reason，關系詞在從句中作原因狀語。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.定語從句的關系副詞1.whyforwhichwhy引導的定語從句修飾先行詞reason,在從句中作原因狀語,相當于“for+which”。I'dliketoliveinthehousewherethereisplentyofsunshine.Youcouldgetintoasituationwhereyouhavetodecideimmediately.關系副詞where引導定語從句時，先行詞應是表示具體地點或抽象地點的名詞，關系詞在從句中作地點狀語。ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago.定語從句的關系副詞3.whereinwhichwhere引導的定語從句修飾表示地點的名詞,在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當于“地點介詞+which”。具體地點定語從句的關系副詞3.where抽象地點Where引導定語從句的先行詞一般是表示具體地點的名詞，如place,room,house,school,building，factory等。ThisistheschoolwhereIusedtostay.有的先行詞不是具體的地點名詞，而是抽象的地點名詞，如：position(位置,境地),stage(階段),situation(環境),case(情況),occasion(場合),activity,point(地步),spot(地點),atmosphere(氛圍)等。Thespotwheretheaccidenthappenedistheturningpointoftheroad.It'sputmeinapositionwhereIcan'taffordtotakethejob.并非先行詞是表示時間、地點、原因的詞時，都選用關系副詞when,where,why,而是要先判斷先行詞在從句中是做狀語還是主語賓語。定語從句的關系副詞注意Thisisthefactory

Ivisitedlastyear.visit是及物動詞，需要接賓語，thefactory放在從句中做visit的賓語，故選擇指代物的關系代詞which/that，且可以省略。Thisisthefactory

Iusedtowork.work是不及物動詞，不需要接賓語，thefactory放在從句中做地點狀語，故選擇指代地點狀語的關系副詞where或inwhich。(which/that)where/inwhich即學即練單句語法填空①Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/which

wespenttogether.②Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedtogether.③Thereasonthat/which

heexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound.④Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.⑤Keepthebookinaplacewhereyoucanfinditeasily.⑥Thisisthehousethat/which

wasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.ThisisthewayinwhichhestudiesEnglish.ThisisthewaythathestudiesEnglish.ThisisthewayhestudiesEnglish.因為在英語中沒有專門表示“方式”的關系副詞，因此，表示方式狀語時，使用inwhich=intheway(通過某種方式)，that在這里作為關系副詞，相當于inwhich。定語從句的關系副詞4.特殊的關系副詞that當先行詞為the/away(方式),表示方式狀語時,關系詞可以使用inwhich/that/省略.1.介詞+whom/whichThewomangeneralstillcanrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy.2.介詞短語+whom/whichThemanhasahouse,infrontofwhichisthesea.3.不定代詞或/數詞+whom/whichChinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.4.名詞+ofwhichShementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhavewrittenonmynotebook.“介詞+關系代詞”結構也可以引導定語從句。有以下幾種結構：介詞+關系代詞1.類型1．根據定語從句中謂語動詞的搭配習慣(即固定短語)來選擇。YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous.(befamousfor...“因……而出名”)2．根據先行詞的搭配習慣(約定俗成，不一定是短語)來選擇。Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.(withthecamera“用照相機”)I‘llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.(ontheday“在那一天”)3．根據句子的意思來選擇。Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan'tsurftheInternet,brokedownyesterday.4．表示“所有”關系或“整體中的一部分”時，通常用介詞of。Ihavetenbooks,halfofwhichwerewrittenbyMoYan.Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomarelawyers.介詞+關系代詞2.介詞的選用當關系代詞在定從中作介詞的賓語時，通常用“介詞＋關系代詞”引導定從。如果指人，用“介詞＋whom”；如果指物，用“介詞＋which”。在定語從句中，有一些含介詞的短語動詞不可拆開使用，如lookafter、lookfor等不能把介詞移至which或whom之前。介詞+關系代詞3.注意Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(√)Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(×)定語從句的分類限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句是指先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語。非限制性定語從句和主句關系不很密切，只是對先行詞做些附加說明。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者失去意義。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句關系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。這種從句，寫時往往用逗號隔開。從句修飾先行詞，關系詞在從句中做成分，且在從句中作賓語時可以省略；I'llneverforgettheday(that)wespenttogether.從句修飾先行詞或者前面的整個句子，或其中一部分。Hesuddenlyfellill,whichkepthimfromschool.可以用that引導；Thatistheverytoolthatarelookingfor.不可以用that引導，主句和從句要用逗號隔開；Hisdog,whichhelikedverymuch,diedyesterday.省去定從則句子意思不完整。從句只是作為主句意義的補充，可以省去。即學即練單句語法填空1．Thedayswhentheytravelledtogethermeantalottohim.2．Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyshedidn'tgototheparty.3．Wevisitedthehousewherethefamousscientistoncelived.4．ThecarwhosewindowgotbrokenintheaccidentbelongstoMr.Brown.即學即練單句語法填空5．TheSmithshavetwochildren,bothofwhomworkinNewYork.6．MissLiuisanexcellentteacherfromwhomIhavelearntalot.7．Wehavecometoapointwhereeveryonehasdifferentopinionsanditisdifficulttoreachanagreement.即學即練用定語從句合并句子1．Ilovemyhometown.Ifeelproudofit.→Ilovemyhometowno