學派網職稱英語網絡課程

由職稱英語“押題皇后”王霞主講第33頁，共101頁

2012年職稱英語等級考試真題（理工類B級）

第1部分：詞匯選項（第1?15題，每題1分，共15分）

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語有括號，請為每處括號部分確定1個意義最為接近的

選項。

1.Alltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesamelayout.

A.colorB.sizeC.functionD.arrangement

2.Thestormcausedseveredamage.

A.physicalB.accidentalC.seriousD.environmental

3.Thewallsaremadeofhollowconcreteblocks.

A.bigB.emptyC.longD.new

4.Joecametothewindowasthecrowdchanted“Joe,Joe,Joe.”

A.repeatedB.jumpedC.maintainedD.approached

5.Dowehavetowearthesenametags?

A.listsB.formsC.labelsD.codes

6.Ouraimwastoupdatethehealthserviceandwesucceeded.

A.offerB.provideC.modernizeD.fund

7.Heinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotakeupthesport.

A.encouragedB.allowedC.calledD.advised

8.Thecitycenterwaswipedoutbythebomb.

A.coveredB.reducedC.destroyedD.moved

9.Mostbabiescantakeinawiderangeoffoodeasily.

A.bringB.digestC.keepD.serve

10.AlargecrowdassembledoutsidetheAmericanembassy.

A.watchedB.shoutedC.gatheredD.walked

11.Theweatherwascrispandclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.

A.freshB.hotC.heavyD.windy

12.Whatpuzzlesmeiswhyhisbooksaresopopular.

A.shocksB.influencesC.confusesD.concerns

13.Ithink￡7adrinkisabitsteep,don'tyou?

A.tightB.lowC.cheapD.high

14.Thecontempthefeltforhisfellowstudentswasobvious.

A.needB.hateC.loveD.pity

15.Hercommentsaboutmenareutterlyridiculous.

A.slightlyB.partlyC.completelyD.faintly

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16?22題，每題1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的

是正確

學派網職稱英語網絡課程

由職稱英語“押題皇后”王霞主講第34頁，共101頁

信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及,

請選擇Co

EasternQuakesCanTriggerBigShakes

InthefirstweekofNovember2011,peopleincentralOklahomaexperienced

morethantwodozen

earthquakes.Thelargest,amagnitude5.6quake,shookthousandsoffansinacollegefootball

stadium,caused

cracksinafewbuildingsandrattledthenervesofmanypeoplewhohadneverfeltaquakebefore.

Oklahoma

isnotanareaofthecountryfamousforitsquakes.Ifyouwatchthe

newsonTVyouseereportsaboutall

sortsofnaturaldisasters—hurricanes,tornadoes,floodingandwildfires,to

nameafew.Butthemost

dangeroustypeofnaturaldisaster,andalsothemostunpredictable,istheearthquake.

ResearchersattheU.S.GeologicalSurveyestimatethatseveralmillionearthquakesrattlethe

globeeach

year;Thatmaysoundscary,butpeopledon'lfeelmanyofthetremors

becausetheyhappeninremoteand

unpopulatedregions.Manyquakeshappenundertheocean,andothershavea

verysmallmagnitude,or

shakingintensity.

Amagnitude5.8earthquakethatstruckcentralVirginiatheafternoonof

August23,2011,wasfeltfrom

centralGeorgiatosoutheasternCanada.Inmanyurbanareas,including

Washington,D.C.,andNewYork

City(WallStreetshown),peoplecrowdedthestreetswhileengineersinspectedbuildings.

Scientistsknowaboutsmall,remotequakesonlybecauseofverysensitive

electronicdevicescalled

seismometers.Thesedevicesdetectandmeasurethesizeofgroundvibrations

producedbyearthquakes.

Altogether,USGSresearchersuseseismometerstoidentifyandlocateabout20,000earthquakes

eachyear.

Althoughearthquakescanhappenanywhereintheworld,reallybigquakes

occuronlyincertainareas.

Thelargestonesregisteramagnitude8orhigherandhappen,onaverage,onlyonceeachyear.

Suchbigones

typicallyoccuralongtheedgesofEarth'stectonicplates.

TectonicplatesarehugepiecesofEarth'scrust,sometimesmanykilometers

thick.Theseplatescover

ourplanet'ssurfacelikeajigsawpuzzle.Often,jaggededgesoftheseplates

temporarilylocktogether.When

platesjostleandscrapepasteachotherearthquakesoccur.Onaverage,

tectonicplatesmoveveryslowly一

aboutthesamespeedasyourfingernailsgrow.

Butsometimesearthquakesrumblethroughportionsofthelandscapefarfrom

aplate'sedges.Although

lessexpected,these“mid-plate”tremorscandosubstantialdamage.Someof

thebiggestknownexamples

rattledtheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesago.Today,

scientistsarestillpuzzlingoverwhythe

quakesoccurredandwhensimilaronesmightoccur.

16.Oklahomaisanareaoftenexperiencingnaturaldisasters.

A.rightB.wrongC.notmention

17.Theearthquakeisthemostunpredictablenaturaldisaster.

A.rightB.wrongC.notmention

18.Fewearthquakeshappenwithoutpeople*sawareness.

A.rightB.wrongC.notmention

19.SeismometerscanidentifyandlocatemostoftheearthquakesinChina.

A.rightB.wrongC.notmention

20.Bigearthquakesofamagnitude8orhigherseldomhappenfarfromtheedgesoftectonic

plates.

A.rightB.wrongC.notmention

學派網職稱英語網絡課程

由職稱英語“押題皇后”王霞主講第35頁，共101頁

21.Whenevertectonicplatesmove,earthquakeshappen.

A.rightB.wrongC.notmention

22.TheearthquakethathittheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwo

centuriesagoisthebiggest“mid-plate”

oneinhistory.

A.rightB.wrongC.notmention

第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23?30題，每題1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每

段選擇1

個小標題；（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項。

LearnaboutNobleGases（惰性氣體）

1Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon?Manytouristspotsofferballoon

ridesinorderforpeopletosee

thebeautyofaplacefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhelium.

Formerly,balloonscontained

hydrogenbuthydrogenisveryflammableanddangerouswhenuncontrolled.

Therefore,peopleshiftedto

helium,whichissafer.Heliumissafebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblegases.

2Peopleoncebelievedthatnoblegasescouldn'tchemicallyreactatall.For

thisreason,theywere

calledinertgases.TheywerealsoclusteredunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecause

scientistsbelieved

thatthegaseshavezerovalenceelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiswas

laterproventobeuntruewhensome

noblegascompoundswerediscovered.

3Thegasesareelements,whichsharesimilarproperties.Theseproperties

includebeingmonoatomic,

colorless,odorless,beingabletoconductelectricity,andhavinglowchemical

reactivity.Noblegasesinclude

Helium,Neon,Argon,Krypton,XenonandRadon.Theseareallfoundin

Group18,intherightmostcolumn

oftheperiodictable.Ifyoulookattheperiodictable,youwillnotice

thattheseelementsaretheonlyones,

whichdonothaveacharge.Heliumhasthelowestmolecular（分子的）weightwhileRadonisthe

heaviest.

4Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshave“valence”

electrons,whichare

electronsintheiroutershell.Whentheoutershellis“unfilled“orthe

requirednumberofelectronsisnotyet

complete,theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafulloutershell,

meaningthattheyhavecomplete

electronsintheiroutershell.Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance,the

outershellofHeliumhas2

valenceelectronswhiletheoutershellofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays,

thereremainstobeafewnoble

gasesbecauseoftheinherentlowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases.

5Becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.

Theyarewidelyusedin

recreation,medicineandindustries.Forinstance,LiquidHeliumisusedfbrsuperconducting

magnets（磁體）.

Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctor

suspectsthataperson'sbrainhas

beendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging（MRI）.MRI

allowsthedoctorto"see"the

brain,withoutoperatingonthepatient.

23.Paragraph2

24.Paragraph3

25.Paragraph4

26.Paragraph5

A.Whataretheapplicationsofnoblegases?

B.Howwerenoblegasesdiscovered?

C.Whatarenoblegases?

D.Whatcausethelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases?

E.Howwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast?

F.Whatistheperiodictable?

學派網職稱英語網絡課程

由職稱英語“押題皇后”王霞主講第36頁，共101頁

27.Noblegasesarenotverychemically.

28.AmongtheelementsofnoblegasesHeliumisthe.

29.Therequirednumberofelectronsinnoblegasesoutershellis.

30.MRImaymakeoperatingonthepatient.

第4部分：閱讀理解（第31?45題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

第一篇ActiveGallery:ThebestofBionics（仿生學）

Humansmightbethemosthighly-evolvedspeciesontheplanet,butmostanimalspossessskills

wecan

onlydreamofhaving.Imaginehowmuchelectricitywecouldsaveifwecouldseeinthedark

thewaycats

do.Imagineleapingfromtreetotreelikeamonkey.Giraffes（長頸鹿），which

areotherwisecalmand

good-natured,sleeponly4.6hoursaday.

Werealizedalong,longtimeagothatnatureprovidesthebestblueprint（藍圖）forinvention.We'

ve

borrowedcanalsfrombeavers（河貍）andreflectorsfromcat'seyes.Althoughthewords

“bionics“became

popularonlyafterthe1960s,historyshowsthatnaturehasalwaysprovided

ideasonsolvingeveryday

problems.Ourarchives（檔案）don'tgobacktothetimeofLeonardoda

Vinciandhisbird-likeflying

machines,butwecantakeyoutothelate19thcentury,whereweappliedthosesameprinciplesfor

building

ourfirstpracticalairplanes.

TopreparefortheirflightatKittyHawk,theWrightbrothersstudiedthemovementsofpigeonsto

figure

outhowtheystayedhighupwhentheywereheavierthanair.Theirsuccessinspiredscoresof

successorsto

improveontheairplanebystudyingvariousaspectsofnature.Oneof

OrvilleWright'spupilscaughtand

stuffedseagullstoexaminetheirwingspan.Meanwhile,twoFrenchinventorsexaminedspinning

sycamore

（梧桐）seedsinanefforttoapplythosesamemotions,reversed,toahelicopter.

Someexamplesaremoreobviousthanothers.Theoutsideoftheairplane

designedbytheWright

brotherslookslikeaminimalistic（簡單抽象藝術）structure.Ontheotherhand,

BarneyConnettsfish

submarine（潛水艇）actuallylookslikeafish.

Somebio-inspiredconceptshaveyettobeinvented.Inthe1960s,theUSArmycommissioned

several

universityprofessorstoconductresearchonthemotorskillsofanimalsin

hopeofapplyingthosesame

abilitiestotanks.Tanksthatrunlikehorsesorjumplikegrasshoppers（螞蚱）---sounds

shocking,doesn'tit?

Butimaginehowlifewouldchangeifwecouldachievethat.

41.“Cats”,“monkeys"and“giraffes“mentionedinparagraph1areexamplesto

illustrate.

A.theyarehighly-evolvedspeciesashumans.

B.animalshaveskillsthathumansdonotpossess.

A.unnecessary

B.complete

C.lightest

D.important

E.flammable

F.reactive

學派網職稱英語網絡課程

由職稱英語“押題皇后”王霞主講第37頁，共101頁

C.humanscanlearnanimals*skills.

D.theyareskillfulindifferentways.

42.Whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinthearchivegallery?

A.Firstpracticalaiiplanesbuiltinthelate19thcentury.

B.Historybooks.

C.TheWrightbrothers'sculpture.

D.LeonardodaVinci'sbird-likeflyingmachines.

43.WhathappenedaftertheWrightbrothersJsuccess?

A.Peoplecarriedoutasystematicstudyonpigeons.

B.Peoplecouldflytheirairplaneforfun.

C.PeoplekepttheirairplaneataFrenchgallery.

D.Peoplestudiedmoreanimalsandplantstodeveloptheairplane.

44.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheresearchcarriedoutbytheUSArmy?

A.Ithaschangedourlife.

B.Ithascostalargesumofmoney.

C.Ithasimprovedtheabilitiesoftanks.

D.Ithasnotsucceededyet.

45.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellinthepassage?

A.Someanimalspossessuniqueskills.

B.Manyinventionsgetideasfromnature.

C.Peopleshouldprotectnature.

D.Bionicsisfarfromperfect.

第二篇GrossNationalHappiness

Inthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeoplein

manycountries.However,one

countryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia,the

kingdomofBhutanremained

separate.ItspeopleandBuddhist（佛教）culturehadnotbeenaffectedfbr

almostathousandyears.Bhutan,

however,wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofits

peoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnot

knowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamed

KingJigmeSingyeWangchuck

decidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.

KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.Hesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheir

progress

bytheirGrossNatonalProduct(GNP).TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.

Whenthenumberof

productssoldincreasespeoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.King

Wangchuckhadadifferentideafor

Bhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry'sprogressbypeople'shappiness.

Ifthepeople'shappiness

increased,thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier,

hecreateda

measurecalledGrossNationalHappiness(GNH).

GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappier

iftheyhavehealthcare,

education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protected

environment.Theyarehappier

whentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peopleare

happierwhentheyhaveagood,

stablegovernment.

NowthereissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peopleare

healthierandarelivinglonger.

學派網職稱英語網絡課程

由職稱英語“押題皇后”王霞主講第38頁，共101頁

Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Twenty-fivepercentofthelandhas

becomenationalparks,andthe

countryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheir

traditionalclothingandfollowtheir

ancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008,KingWangchuckgave

hispowerto

hisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocratic

electionsthatyear.Bhutanhad

politicalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime,Finally,Bhutanhas

connectedtotherestofthe

worldthroughtelevisionandinternet.

Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.Manycountriesarenowinterested

inBhutan'sGNH.These

countriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywant

tocreatenewpoliciesthattake

careoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.

BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.Brazilianleadersseetheprinciplesof

GNH

asasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.Ifhappinessworks

asameasure

ofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.

36.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?

A.Apresident.

B.ABuddhistpriest.

C.Ageneral.

D.Aking.

37.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?

A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.

B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.

C.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.

D.Tokeepitstraditionandcustoms.

38.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPby.

A.sellingmoreproducts.

B.spendingmoremoney.

C.spendinglessmoney.

D.providingmorejobs.

39.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappierifthey.

A.havenewtechnology.

B.canchangetheirreligion.

C.haveagood,stablegovernment.

D.havemoremoney.

40.Today,manycountriesare.

A.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.

B.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.

C.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.

D.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.

第三篇"LifeFormFound”onSaturn'sTitan

ScientistssaytheyhavediscoveredhintsofalienlifeontheSaturn'smoon.Thediscoveryofa

sortof

學派網職稱英語網絡課程

由職稱英語“押題皇后”王霞主講第39頁，共101頁

lifewasannouncedafterresearchersattheUSspaceagency,NASA,analyzeddatafrom

spacecraftCassini,

whichpointedtotheexistenceofmethane-basedformoflifeonSaturn'sbiggestmoon.

Scientistshavereportedlydiscoveredcluesshowingprimitivealienbeingsare

“breathing”inTitan's

denseatmospherefilledwithhydrogen.

TheyarguethathydrogengetsabsorbedbeforehittingTitan'splanet-likesurfacecoveredwith

methane

lakesandrivers.This,theysay,pointstotheexistenceofsome“bugs”consumingthehydrogenat

thesurface

ofthemoonlessthanhalfthesizeoftheEarth.

“Wesuggestedhydrogenconsumptionbecauseit'stheobviousgasforlifetoconsumeonTitan,

similar

tothewayweconsumeoxygenonEarth,“saysNASAscientistChrisMcKay."Ifthesesignsdo

tumouttobe

asignoflife,itwouldbedoublyexcitingbecauseitwouldrepresentasecondformoflife

independentfrom

water-basedlifeonEarth.”

Todate,scientistshavenotyetdetectedthisformoflifeanywhere,thoughthereare

liquid-water-based

microorganismsonEarththatgrowwellonmethaneorproduceitasa

wasteproduct.OnTitan,where

temperaturesarearound90Kelvin(minus290degreesFahrenheit),amethane-basedorganism

wouldhaveto

useasubstancethatisliquidasitsmediumforlivingprocesses,butnotwateritself.Wateris

frozensolidon

Titan'ssurfaceandmuchtoocoldtosupportlifeasweknowit.

ScientistshadexpectedtheSun'sinteractionswithchemicalsintheatmospheretoproducea

coatingof

acetyleneonTitan'ssurface.ButCassinidetectednoacetyleneonthesurface.

TheabsenceofdetectableacetyleneontheTitan'ssurfacecanverywell

haveanon-biological

explanation,saidMarkAllen,aprincipalinvestigatoroftheNASATitanteam.

“Scientificconservatismsuggeststhatabiologicalexplanationshouldbethe

lastchoiceafterall

non-biologicalexplanationsareaddressed."Allen:said."Wehavealotof

worktodotoruleoutpossible

non-biologicalexplanations.Itismorelikelythatachemicalprocess,without

biology,canexplainthese

results.^^

41.WhatdoscientistsclaimtohavefoundaboutSaturn?

A.Water-basedlifeonit.

B.Methane—basedlifeonitsbiggestmoon.

C.Anewmoonmovingaroundit.

D.Earthlikelifeonitsbiggestmoon.

42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutTitanistrue?

A.Itisaslargeastheearth.

B.Thereisacetyleneonitssurface.

C.Wateronitasalifesupportingmedium.

D.Hydrogenconsumptionisreportedtobeonit.

43.Theexpression"thisformoflife1'inparagraph5refersto.

A.water-basedlife.

B.oxygen-basedlife.

C.methane-basedlife.

D.liquid-basedmicroorganisms.

44.ItcanbeinferredfromMarkAllen'saddressthat.

A.ScientistsaretryingtoconformthereislifeonTitan.

B.Scientistsagreethatachemicalreactionisaconvincingexplanation.

學派網職稱英語網絡課程

由職稱英語“押題皇后”王霞主講第40頁，共101頁

C.Scientistssharetheopinionthatabiologicalexplanationisreasonable.

D.ScientistsarearguingoverwhetherthereislifeonTitan.

45.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethetitleofthispassage?

A.AdifferentLifeForm,aPossibility.

B.EarthlikeLivingBeingsFoundonTitan.

C.FindingofOneMoreMoonofSaturn.

D.Titan,aNewSatelliteFound.

第5部分：補全短文(第46?50題，每題2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據短文內容將其

分別放回

原有位置，以恢復文章面貌。

VoiceYourOpinion:ChangeIsNeededInYouthSports

Everywhereyoulook,youseekidsbouncingabasketballorwavinga

tennisracquet(網球拍).And

thesekidsaregettingyoungerandyounger.Insomecountries,childrencan

competeonbasketball,baseball,

andvolleyballteamsstartingatagenine.(46)Andswimming

andgymnasticsclassesbeginat

agefour,topreparechildrenforcompetition.It'struethatafewofthesekids

willdevelopintohighlyskilled

athletesandmayevenbecomemembersofthenationalOlympicteams.

(47)Thisemphasison

competitioninsportsishavingseriousnegativeeffects.

Childrenwhogetinvolvedincompetitivesportsatayoungageoftengrow

tiredoftheirsport.Many

parentspressuretheirkidstochooseonesportanddevotealltheirtimeto

it.(48)But66percent

oftheyoungathleteswantedtoplaymorethanonesport-forfun.Anotherproblemisthepressure

imposedby

over-competitiveparentsandcoaches.Childrenarenotnaturallycompetitive.In

fact,arecentstudybyPaulo

Davidfoundthatmostchildrendon'tevenunderstandtheideaofcompetition

untiltheyaresevenyears

old.(49)Thethird,andbiggest,problemforyoungathletesisthe

lackoftimetodotheir

homework,havefun,bewithfriends—inshort,timetobekids.Whenthey

areforcedtospendevery

afternoonatsportspractice,theyoftenstarttohatetheirchosensport.Aresearcher'sfoundthat70

percentof

kidswhotakepartincompetitivesportsbeforetheageoftwelvequit

beforetheyturneighteen.

(50)Excessivecompetitiveawayalltheenjoyment.

Needtorememberthepurposeofyouthsports-togivekidsachancetohavedevelopingstrong,

healthy

bodies.

A.Surveyfoundthat79percentofparentsofyoungathleteswantedtheir

childrentoconcentrateonone

sports.

B.Theyoungsoccerorganizationhasteamsforchildrenasyoungasfive.

C.Manyofthemcompletelyloseinterestinsports.

D.Sportsforchildrenhavetwoimportantpurposes.

E.Butwhatabouttheothers,theaveragekids?

F.Veryyoungkidsdon'tknowwhytheirparentsarepushingthemsohard?

學派網職稱英語網絡課程

由職稱英語“押題皇后”王霞主講第41頁，共101頁

第6部分：完形填空(第52?65題，每題1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15處空白，請根據短文內容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。

ClimateChangePosesMajorRisksforUnpreparedCities

AnewexaminationofurbanpolicieshasbeencarriedoutrecentlybyPatriciaRomeroLankao.

Sheisa

sociologistspecializinginclimatechangeand(51)development.She

warnsthatmanyofthe

world'sfast-growingurbanareas,especiallyindevelopingcountries,willlikelysufferfromthe

________(52)

ofchangingclimate.Herworkalsoconcludesthatmostcitiesarefailingto

(53)emissionsof

carbondioxideandothergreenhousegases.Thesegasesareknowntoaffecttheatmosphere.

“Climatechange

isadeeplylocalissueandposesprofound(54)tothegrowingcitiesoftheworld.^^says

Romero

Lankao."Buttoofewcitiesaredevelopingeffectivestrategiestoprotecttheirresidents.”

Citiesare(55)sourcesofgreenhousegases.Andurbanpopulationsare

likelytobeamong

thosemostseverelyaffectedbyfutureclimatechange.Lankao'sfindings

highlightwaysinwhich

city-residentsareparticularlyvulnerable,andsuggestpolicyinterventions(干預)thatcouldoffer

immediate

andlonger-term(56).Thelocationsanddenseconstructionpatterns

ofcitiesoftenplacetheir

populationsatgreater(57)fornaturaldisasters.Potentialthreatsassociatedwith

climateinclude

stormsurgesandprolongedhotweather.Stormsurgescanfloodcoastalareasandprolongedhot

weathercan

heat(58)pavedcitiesmorethansurroundingareas.Theimpactsofsuchnaturalevents

canbemore

(59)inanurbanenvironment.Forexample,aprolongedheatwavecanincrease

existinglevelsof

airpollution,causingwidespreadhealthproblems.Poorerneighborhoodsthat

may(60)basic

facilitiessuchasdrinkingwateroradependablenetworkofroads,are

especiallyvulnerabletonatural

disasters.Manyresidentsinpoorercountriesliveinsub-standardhousing(61)accessto

reliable

drinkingwater,roadsandbasicservices.

Localgovernments,therefore,shouldtakemeasuresto(62)theirresidents.

Unfortunately,they

tendtomovetowardsrhetoric(言辭)(63)meaningfulresponses,RomeroLankaowrites.

They

don'timposeconstructionstandardsthatcouldreduceheatingandairconditioning(64).

Theydon't

emphasizemasstransitandreduceautomobileuse.Infact,manylocalgovernmentsaretakinga

hands-off

approach.(65),sheurgesthemtochangetheiridlepoliciesandtotakestrongstepsto

preventthe

harmfuleffectsofclimatechangeoncities.

51.A.urbanB.industrialC.economicD.rural

52.A.occasionsB.impactsC.routinesD.connections

53.A.reduceB.increaseC.studyD.measure

54.A.threatsB.interestsC.implicationsD.differences

55.A.majorB.repeatableC.doubtfulD.useful

56.A.signsB.benefitsC.chancesD.plans

57.A.costB.momentC.riskD.speed

58.A.locallyB.heavilyC.suddenlyD.mildly

59.A.standardB.meaningfulC.seriousD.friendly

60.A.provideB.lackC.updateD.improve

61.A.withB.withoutC.inD.on

62.A.identifyB.educateC.protectD.evaluate

63.A.lessthanB.ratherthanC.morethanD.betterthan

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