本科論文目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\z\u2519摘要 ⑶風機風量大，噪聲大要求衛生條件嚴格的房間，目前較少采用此種方式本設計為酒店的空調系統設計所以對空氣品質的要求較高，但是全水系統和冷劑系統卻只能消除室內的余熱和余濕[5]，無法達到改良室內空氣質量的作用，所以在此次的建筑空調設計時不予選用。綜上所述，本酒店采用風機盤管加新風系統，風機盤管的新風供給方式用單設新風系統獨立供給室內。3.3空調方案的確定該酒店采用風機盤管加新風系統，占空間少，使用也較靈活。因為該酒店房間類型繁多，各房間冷熱負荷并不相同，可以各房間進行個別的調節。每層設有新風機組，可以由同層的新風機組送入室內。在采用風機盤管空調方式時，如果水管漏水或冷水管產生凝結水，易對電器設備產生安全隱患，因此要求確保管道的安裝質量。

4系統設備選型4.1設計計算4.1．1夏季送風狀態點和送風量=1\*GB2⑴新風量的確定確定新風量的依據有下列三個因素[6]：①稀釋人群產生的污染物，保證空氣品質的要求；②補充局部排風量；③保持空調房間維持正壓。公式為：（4-1）式中：n空調房間內的總人數；gw新風量標準，即單位時間內每人所需的新風量，m3/h·人。=2\*GB2⑵夏季送風狀態點和送風量的確定[7]綜合考慮能效，選擇處理后的新風和風機盤管處理過的空氣混合后送入室內的方案。新風不負擔室內負荷，新風處理到室內焓值，風機盤管處理到點L2，混合到O點一并送入房間，i-d圖上的處理過程如圖4.1所示。圖4.1新風與風機盤管送風混合后送入時的空氣處理過程以7001客房01為例：已知室內外參數tN=25℃，=55%，tW=29.0℃，tWs=26.3℃查得iN=55.5kJ/kg，iw=81.5kJ/kg，由iN=55.5kJ/kg，=95%確定點L1，tL1=20℃，iL1=55.5kJ/kg。在i-d圖中，過N點作ε線與=90%相交，即得送風狀態點O。to=18℃，io=47.5kJ/kg，送風溫差=25-18=7℃。總風量G=Q/(iN-io)=422.5m3/h。換氣次數定義為房間通風量和房間體積的比值，即：（4-2）則7001客房01換氣次數n=422.5/(22×3.0)=6.4＞5.24，所以符合換氣次數要求。由于滿足衛生的新風量Gw1=100m3/h＞總風量的10%。則7001客房的最小新風量取兩者中的較大值，即Gw=120m3/h。新風負荷計算公式：（4-3）則7001客房01的新風負荷為Qw=512W風機盤管風量計算公式：（4-4）則風機盤管風量為GF=322.5m3/h連接點L1及點O并延長至L2點，使/(Gw/GF),則iL2=io-(iL1-io)GW/GF=46.4kJ/kg則風機盤管冷量：（4-5）各房間計算同理。4.2設備選型4.2．1風機盤管的選型根據風機盤管風量以及所承擔的冷量對風機盤管進行選型。選用美的品牌臥式暗裝風機盤管，型號及性能參數如表4.1和表4.2所示。表4.1各房間風機盤管選型及數量樓層房間房間面積風機盤管數量1層1001[銀行外]65FP-6821002[銀行內]109.01FP-5121003[酒樓大堂]361.82FP-6831004[服務臺]47.88FP-5111005[財務室]10.61FP-3411006[商務中心]8.04FP-3412層2001[餐廳]590.23FP-8592002[廚房]67.95FP-5123層3001[客房]19.03FP-3413002[客房]19.03FP-3413003[客房]19.03FP-3413004[客房]19.03FP-3413005[客房]-3009[客房]23.28FP-3413010[套房]23.28FP-3423011[套房]23.28FP-3423012[套房]15.1FP-3423013[客房]-3019[客房]15.1FP-3413020[客房]20.8FP-3413021[客房]78.6FP-3413022[客房]39.2FP-3413023[客房]39.2FP-3414層-7層4001[客房]-4004[客房]19.03FP-3414005[客房]-4011[客房]23.28FP-3414012[客房]-4019[客房]15.1FP-3414020[客房]20.8FP-3414021[客房]-4027[客房]22.1FP-341表4.2風機盤管參數型號機組形式送風量m3/h機外余壓Pa馬達功率W電源V/Ph/Hz制冷量Kw鏈接管道尺寸供回冷凝FP-34臥式暗裝3403047220/1/501.8DN15DN20FP-51臥式暗裝5103062220/1/502.7DN20DN20FP-68臥式暗裝6803072220/1/503.6DN20DN20FP-85臥式暗裝8503080220/1/504.5DN25DN20FP-102臥式暗裝10203092220/1/505.4DN25DN20FP-136臥式暗裝136030115220/1/507.2DN25DN20FP-204臥式暗裝204030155220/1/5010.8DN32DN254.2．2新風機的選型新風機機組的選型同風機盤管，即通過新風量及新風冷量進行選型，新風機組在各個區域布置一臺，參數如表4.3所示。表4.3新風機組參數機組編號新風量m3/h機外余壓Pa馬達功率W電源V/Ph/Hz制冷量Kw風機類型安裝方式臺數HDK-0330002100.55220/1/5033.6離心式吊裝2HDK-0550002101.039.02HDK-0775003502.047.02

5風系統的設計5.1風管材料和形狀的確定風管分為圓形和矩形風管，本設計選用矩形風管，其占的有效空間較小、易于布置、明裝較美觀，按其材料選用金屬風管，易于加工制作、安裝方便，具有一定的機械強度和良好的防火性能且氣流阻力較小[8]。5.2送、回風管的布置根據本建筑的層高，可充分利用吊頂，在房間的吊頂內放置臥式風機盤管，實現上或側送風，風口采用方形散流器或百葉風口。5.3氣流組織設計以7001客房01為例：=1\*GB2⑴根據客房房間長度為6.1m，得室內平均風速=0.17m/s，對于送冷風情況，=1.2×0.17=0.2m/s＜0.3m/s,說明合適，對于送熱風情況，=0.8×0.17=0.136m/s＜0.2m/s.=2\*GB2⑵根據房間的冷負荷及送風溫差，計算送風量：==0.19m3/s查《實用供熱空調設計手冊》表11.9-7找到相近送風量LS=0.19m3/s，=2.11m/s；=3\*GB2⑶對客房來說，百葉風口送風速度2.11m/s是允許的，不會產生較大噪聲；=4\*GB2⑷選用頸部尺寸200×200mm的百葉風口，風量在340m3/h時的射程為2.34m，相當于從散流器中心至墻面距離的0.9倍。5.4風管設計5.4．1風道水力計算步驟風道水力計算包括：合理采用管內空氣流速以確定風管截面尺寸；計算風系統阻力及選擇風機；平衡各支風路的阻力以保證各支風路的風量達到設計值[9]。采用假定流速法進行風道水力計算的步驟如下：=1\*GB2⑴繪制空調系統軸測圖，對各段風道進行編號、標注長度和風量；=2\*GB2⑵確定風管內的合理流速。選定流速時，要綜合考慮建筑空間、初始投資、運行費用及噪聲等因素。查《空調制冷專業課程設計指南》表5-4選取主風道風速為5～6.5m/s，水平支風道風速為3.0～4.5m/s；=3\*GB2⑶根據各風道的風量和流速計算各管段的斷面尺寸，使其符合通風管道規格，再算出風道內實際流速[10]；=4\*GB2⑷根據風量L或實際流速v和斷面當量直徑D查圖得到單位長度摩擦阻力Rm[11]；=5\*GB2⑸計算沿程阻力和局部阻力。沿程阻力（5-1）②局部阻力（5-2）③系統總阻力（5-3）5.4．2風機盤管加新風系統的新風管道水力計算以七層為例進行設計計算：分支1的計算表如表5.1和表5.2所示。表5.1分支1最不利路徑水力計算表最不利阻力(Pa)79編號G(m3/h)L(m)形狀D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)128002.4矩形6302504.941.9401.94227002.17矩形6302504.761.6401.64326001.35矩形5002505.781.60.962.5645003.32矩形1601605.438.717.0425.7454001.94矩形1601205.796.9406.9463005.3矩形1201205.7922.44022.4472002.16矩形1201203.864.3104.3181002.74矩形1201201.931.553.134.6891007.58矩形1201201.934.292.596.87101002.59矩形1201201.931.4601.46表5.2分支1水力計算表編號G(m3/h)L(m)形狀D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)128002.4矩形6302504.941.9401.94227002.17矩形6302504.761.6401.64326001.35矩形5002505.781.60.962.5645003.32矩形1601605.438.717.0425.74（續表）編號G(m3/h)L(m)形狀D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)54001.94矩形1601205.796.9406.9463005.3矩形1201205.7922.44022.4472002.16矩形1201203.864.3104.3181002.74矩形1201201.931.553.134.6891007.58矩形1201201.934.292.596.87101002.59矩形1201201.931.4601.46111002.92矩形1201201.931.652.884.54121002.92矩形1201201.931.659.411.06131002.92矩形1201201.931.6513.5415.19141002.92矩形1201201.931.659.1510.81521002.47矩形5002504.671.973.555.521620001.89矩形5002504.441.3801.381710000.29矩形4002003.470.180.110.28189003.46矩形4002003.131.7301.73198000.26矩形4001603.470.190.290.48201000.95矩形1201201.930.5411.3811.92211001.88矩形1201201.931.0601.06227001.88矩形4001603.041.081.472.55236004.43矩形3201603.263.150.143.29245002.14矩形2501603.471.910.071.98254004.72矩形2001603.474.7404.74263002.05矩形1601603.262.0802.08272005.25矩形1201203.8610.480.7211.2281001.6矩形1201201.930.913.134.03291002.88矩形1201201.931.6301.63301003.01矩形1201201.931.72.884.59311003.01矩形1201201.931.72.874.58321003.01矩形1201201.931.73.45.1331003.01矩形1201201.931.73.335.03341003.01矩形1201201.931.74.035.73351003.01矩形1201201.931.73.715.42361002.01矩形1201201.931.135.036.17371002.01矩形1201201.931.137.748.883810005.62矩形4002003.473.414.628.02396009.36矩形3201603.266.650.867.51404005.05矩形2001603.475.070.996.06413001.49矩形1601603.261.5101.514201.24矩形1201200000431000.96矩形1201201.930.542.843.38441000.35矩形1201201.930.200.2452000.92矩形1201203.861.840.992.83461001.9矩形1201201.931.070.031.1471001.2矩形1201201.930.680.030.71481002.05矩形1201201.931.163.44.56491001矩形1201201.930.575.446501000.22矩形1201201.930.1200.12511000.81矩形1201201.930.465.445.9521000.22矩形1201201.930.1200.12532001.11矩形1201203.862.227.679.89541001.9矩形1201201.931.070.031.1551001.4矩形1201201.930.790.030.83562000.92矩形1201203.861.847.679.52經校核，最不利環路的阻力損失小于對應的新風機的余壓值，故滿足最不利點的要求。其它做法同上。

6水系統的設計6.1水系統方案的確定6.1．1兩管制水系統的特點兩管制水系統是采用同一套供回水管路，冬季供熱水、夏季供冷水。由運行人員依據需要實行供熱與供冷的轉換。系統簡單、一次性投資少，但不能同時供冷水和供熱水。正因為該設計空調精度要求不是很高，故采用兩管制[12]。6.1．2閉式系統的特點=1\*GB2⑴水泵揚程僅需克服循環阻力，與樓層數無關僅取決于管路長度和阻力[13]；=2\*GB2⑵循環水不易受污染，管路腐蝕情況比開式系統好；=3\*GB2⑶需要設回水池，但要設一個膨脹水箱。膨脹水箱盡量接至靠近入口的回水干管。6.1．3同程和異程系統的選擇同程式系統供回水干管中的水流方向相同，經過每一管路的長度相等，水量分配調度方便，便于水力平衡，費用高[14]；異程式系統不需設回程管，管道長度較短，管路簡單，費用低，水力平衡較困難。本設計客房區域選用同程式系統，其它采用異程系統。6.1．4一次泵變流量系統的選擇依據=1\*GB2⑴定水量系統中循環水量為定值，夏季和冬季分別采用兩個不同的定水量，一旦負荷變化，調節制冷量和供、回水溫度[15]。定水量系統簡單，不需要變水量定壓控制。通過閥門改變表冷器的水量，用戶之間不相互干擾，運行較穩定[16]。缺點是水量均按最大負荷確定的，且最大負荷出現時間很短，即使在最大負荷時，各朝向的峰值也不會在同一時間內出現，因此水泵無效能耗很大。=2\*GB2⑵變流量系統保持供水溫度在一定范圍內，一旦負荷變化，需改變供水量。變流量系統的負荷越少水泵能耗越少，所以水泵運行能量可大為降低，經濟性較高。但需要利用供、回水壓差進行流量的控制，自控系統復雜。=3\*GB2⑶本次設計采用一次泵變流量系統，其原理如下：在系統處于設計狀態下，所有設備都滿負荷運行，壓差旁通閥開度為零，這時壓差控制器兩端接口處的壓力差為零。當末端負荷變小時，末端的兩通閥關小，使末端設備中冷凍水的流量按比例減少，從而使被調參數保持在設計值范圍內。=4\*GB2⑷二次泵變流量系統雖然能節省冷凍水泵的耗電量，但經濟性較差，自控要求比較高，所用空間也較大。6.1．5水系統方案的確定本設計采用兩管制、閉式、一次泵變流量系統，各層水管同程或異程布置。為保證負荷變化時系統能有效、可靠節能的運行，設置兩臺冷凍水泵，一用一備；風機盤管供回水管上均設有調節閥，依據負荷的變化靈活的調節[17]。為防止管網因雜質和結垢而造成水路堵塞影響使用，在冷凍回水口上設Y型過濾器。冷凍水管采用焊接鋼管，冷凝管采用鍍鋅鋼管，管道保溫前刷兩道防銹底漆。6.2供回水管路設計計算步驟設計計算步驟如下：=1\*GB2⑴繪制軸測圖，并對管段進行編號同時標注出長度和風量。=2\*GB2⑵根據各房間冷負荷，計算管段流量：（6-1）=3\*GB2⑶管徑的確定根據假定的流速和確定的流量計算出管徑：（6-2）再根據給定的管徑規格選定管徑，由確定的管徑計算出管內的實際流速：（6-3）=4\*GB2⑷阻力計算①沿程阻力計算（6-4）②局部阻力計算（6-5）③總阻力（6-6）6.3供回水水力計算供回水水力計算利用假定流速法，本次設計以四層為例進行設計計算：水力計算結果如表6.1和表6.2所示，各樓層的水力計算表如附錄2所示。表6.1分支1最不利路徑水力計算表最不利阻力74227Pa最不利環路立管1樓層1編號Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率V25800.8108.451.554247810200.00%V25800.8108.451.554247810200.00%E1339005830.81.6500.73159.342.225658132583880.00%F43.12500.77175.870.1548305780.00%FG123750064501.75500.81193.210.1339333720.00%FG11402006914.43.01500.87220.720.1664387020.00%FG104200072242.02500.91240.070.1486415270.00%FG9438007533.62.78500.95260.210.1723457680.00%FG8456007843.21.01500.99281.170.1283493320.00%FG7474008152.82.02650.6284.730.1171191900.00%FG6492008462.44.83650.6590.940.1439214600.00%FG55100087720.35650.6797.370.13423570.00%FG4528009081.62.81650.69104.020.1293243170.00%FG37980013725.63.55651.05229.540.1815558700.00%FG28160014035.20.53651.07239.631.51278659920.00%F20.79800.8108.451.5864785640.00%F43.39500.77175.870.1597306270.00%FH123750064501.78500.81193.210.1343333760.00%FH11402006914.42.71500.87220.720.1598386360.00%FH104200072242.3500.91240.070.1552415940.00%FH9438007533.62.8500.95260.210.1729457740.00%FH8456007843.20.73500.99281.170.1205492540.00%FH7474008152.81.99650.6284.730.1169191880.00%FH6492008462.45.13650.6590.940.1467214870.00%FH55100087720.33650.6797.370.13223540.00%FH4528009081.62.54650.69104.020.1264242880.00%FH37980013725.63.83651.05229.540.1879559340.00%FH28160014035.20.25651.07239.63361172917900.00%F20.64800.8108.450700700.00%表6.2立管1樓層四水力計算表最不利阻力72186Pa最有利阻力32701Pa樓層內不平衡率54.70%編號Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率F20.79800.8108.451.5864785640.00%FG28160014035.20.53651.07239.631.51278659920.00%FG37980013725.63.55651.05229.540.1815558700.00%FG4528009081.62.81650.69104.020.1293243170.00%FG55100087720.35650.6797.370.13423570.00%FG6492008462.44.83650.6590.940.1439214600.00%FG7474008152.82.02650.6284.730.1171191900.00%FG8456007843.21.01500.99281.170.1283493320.00%FG9438007533.62.78500.95260.210.1723457680.00%FG104200072242.02500.91240.070.1486415270.00%FG11402006914.43.01500.87220.720.1664387020.00%FG123750064501.75500.81193.210.1339333720.00%F43.12500.77175.870.1548305780.00%FG142700046447.47500.58103.421.5772257102931.60%F42.89500.5590.771.62632385010.00%FG1672001238.40.06250.56218.721.51323424712.90%FG175400928.82.95250.42127.550.137693850.00%FG183600619.22.61200.5257.150.1672126850.00%FG191800030962.85400.65177.141.55053188230.00%FG20162002786.41.81400.59145.090.1263172800.00%FG21144002476.82.91320.72260.160.1756267820.00%FG22126002167.22.41320.63201.90.1487205060.00%FG23108001857.62.43320.54150.890.1367143820.00%FG24900015481.35320.45107.160.1144101540.00%FG2572001238.41.2250.56218.720.1262162780.00%FG265400928.83.21250.42127.551.64091405500.00%FG273600619.21.85200.5257.151.54751856600.00%FG2845007743250.3590.931.52739136452.70%F20.64800.8108.450700700.00%FH28160014035.20.25651.07239.63361172917900.00%FH37980013725.63.83651.05229.540.1879559340.00%FH4528009081.62.54650.69104.020.1264242880.00%FH55100087720.33650.6797.370.13223540.00%FH6492008462.45.13650.6590.940.1467214870.00%FH7474008152.81.99650.6284.730.1169191880.00%FH8456007843.20.73500.99281.170.1205492540.00%FH9438007533.62.8500.95260.210.1729457740.00%FH104200072242.3500.91240.070.1552415940.00%FH11402006914.42.71500.87220.720.1598386360.00%FH123750064501.78500.81193.210.1343333760.00%F43.39500.77175.870.1597306270.00%（續表）編號Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率F42.87500.5590.770.1261152750.00%FH1672001238.40.36250.56218.7237846854712.90%FH175400928.82.65250.42127.550.133893470.00%FH183600619.22.64200.5257.150.1678126900.00%FH191800030962.57400.65177.14345663710930.00%FH20162002786.42.09400.59145.090.1303173210.00%FH21144002476.82.61320.72260.160.1678267040.00%FH22126002167.22.69320.63201.90.1543205620.00%FH23108001857.62.46320.54150.890.1371143850.00%FH24900015481.07320.45107.160.1115101250.00%FH2572001238.41.17250.56218.720.1257162730.00%FH265400928.83.51250.42127.550.144794560.00%FH273600619.21.85200.5257.1534753708450.00%FH2845007743.02250.3590.93327518345852.70%E1339005830.81.6500.73159.342.225658132583880.00%E21800309.67.34150.43280.85112062310073306943.40%E31800309.63.92150.43280.8571100306413174146.70%E42700464.47.32200.37150.46111102307633186547.20%E51800309.67.34150.43280.85112062310073306946.40%E61800309.64.64150.43280.8571303306413194349.10%E71800309.67.34150.43280.85112062310073306848.60%E81800309.64.74150.43280.8571331306413197250.80%E91800309.67.34150.43280.85112062310073306949.40%E101800309.67.34150.43280.85112062310073306850.10%E111800309.64.64150.43280.8571303306413194351.90%E121800309.612.13150.43280.8512.2340731116345230.00%E131800309.64.79150.43280.857134630641319877.30%E141800309.67.44150.43280.8511209031007330967.80%E151800309.67.45150.43280.8511209231007330989.60%E161800309.611.38150.43280.8516.5319531510347051.70%E171800309.69.6150.43280.8512.2269631116338120.00%E181800309.65.53150.43280.8511155231007325593.70%E191800309.67.45150.43280.8511209231007330988.90%E201800309.64.74150.43280.8571331306413197113.30%E211800309.67.44150.43280.85112090310073309610.90%E221800309.64.84150.43280.8571359306413200015.60%E231800309.67.45150.43280.85112092310073309815.10%E241800309.67.44150.43280.85112090310073309618.20%E251800309.64.74150.43280.8571331306413197122.20%E261800309.64.77150.43280.8571340306413198026.90%E271800309.65.04150.43280.8571416306413205753.40%E281800309.66.77150.43280.8512.2190231116330180.00%E292700464.45.04200.37150.46775930486312445.40%水系統總阻力包括最不利環路的阻力以及通過環路所有設備的水阻力。因此水系統的總阻力為：=供水管阻力+回水管阻力+供回水立管阻力+冷熱水機組的水阻力+空調機組的水阻力+制冷機房內所有閥門、Y型過濾器及冷凍水泵等設備的水阻力=49865+2885+79047+8800+17000=142297Pa，其他樓層同理。6.4冷凝水管道設計6.4．1設計原則機組的運行過程中都會產生一定數量的冷凝水，必須及時予以排走，以保證系統安全有效的運行。排放冷凝水管道的設計，一般采用開式、非滿流自流系統[18]。冷凝水管道設計應注意以下事項：=1\*GB2⑴水平管道應保持一定的坡度，且不能有積水部位；=2\*GB2⑵當冷凝水盤位于機組內的負壓區段時，凝水盤的出水口處必須設置水封，且水封的出口，需與大氣相通；=3\*GB2⑶冷凝水管道宜選用塑料管，不必進行防結露的保溫和隔氣處理；=4\*GB2⑷冷凝水立管的頂部應與大氣相通；=5\*GB2⑸設計和布置冷凝水管路時考慮定期沖洗的可能性。6.4．2管徑確定冷凝水管管徑的設計如表6.3所示。表6.3凝水管管徑選擇表盤管冷負荷Q/kW冷凝水管公稱直徑DN/mm≤7kW207.1～17.6kW2517.7～100kW32101～176kW40177～598kW50599～1055kW801056～1512kW1001513～12462kW1257.1～17.6kW150由于冷凝水管采用聚氯乙烯塑料管，實際公稱直徑De（mm）應比上表中的大一號。6．4．3水系統安裝要求=1\*GB2⑴閉式系統熱水管和冷水管設有0.003的坡度，當多管敷設時，坡度最好相同，以便采用共用支架。如因條件限制熱水和冷水管道可無坡度敷設，但管內水流速不得小于0.25m/s，在變水量調節時，也應滿足條件[19]。=2\*GB2⑵閉式系統在熱水和冷水管路的最高點設排氣裝置。=3\*GB2⑶與水泵接管及大管與小管連接時，應防止氣囊產生。大管需由小管排氣時，大管與小管的連接應為頂平，以防大管中產生氣囊。=4\*GB2⑷系統的最低點設單獨放水的設備下部應設帶閥門的放水管，并接入地漏或漏斗。作為系統剛開始運行時沖刷管路和管路檢修時放水之用。=5\*GB2⑸空調器、風機盤管等的表冷器處于負壓段時，其冷凝水的排水管設有水封，且排水管應有不小于0.001的坡度。凝結水管徑較大時，最好作圓水封筒。=6\*GB2⑹空調機房內應設地漏，以排出噴水室可能的漏水和凝結水。地面的坡度應向地漏，地面應作防水處理。

7冷熱機房設計7.1冷水機組的設計7.1．1冷水機組的設計=1\*GB2⑴電動冷水機組的容量為：（7-1）式中：空調設計負荷，W；A1同時使用系數；A2冷損失系數；A3事故備用數量修正系數；A4綜合考慮設備傳熱以及處理效率降低的系數。=2\*GB2⑵臺數的確定從調節靈活、有利于節能等角度，臺數多些為好；從設備投資、占地面積及維修管理等方面考慮，臺數不宜過多，多數為2~5臺。7.1．2冷水機組的選型計算根據式（7-1），冷水機組的總容量為：=0.8×1.1×1.1×412.02=398.9kW擬選用1臺螺桿式冷水機組，所選機組具體性能參數如表7.1所示。表7.1離心式冷水機組性能參數壓縮機型號數量額定功率使用制冷劑機組尺寸LSBLG420/M螺桿式245kWR134a6250×2190×2450冷凝器水壓降（kPa)127蒸發器水壓降（kPa)80冷凝器水流量（m3/h)76蒸發器水流量（m3/h)697.2冷凍水泵的選型水泵的選擇首先要滿足最高運行工況的流量和揚程，使水泵的工作狀態點處于高效率范圍，并保留一定的富余量；流量較大的情況，可以考慮多臺并聯運行；空調系統中的水泵，宜一用一備；并在選用時考慮靜壓對水泵的影響并注明靜壓值。7.2．1水泵的揚程與流量計算在水泵的設計過程中，依據是水泵的設計運行特性曲線和工況下的管阻力損失，以及它的管路流量工況來選擇合適的水泵。本設計水泵揚程的按如下公式計算為：(7-2)式中：水泵實際揚程，mH2O;允許吸上真空高度，mH2O；若水泵比吸水池的水面高，其值為正；若水泵比吸水池的水面低，其值為負；壓水高度，mH2O；開放式系統的壓水高度是從水泵供水的最高點到軸線間的高度差；閉式系統因為其由相同的回水和供水，故其數值為零；冷水機組內阻力損失，mH2O；機組末端的阻力損失，即為供水余壓，mH2O；水系統內總的局部阻力損失與沿程阻力損失，mH2O；以上式計算水泵揚程為18.2m整個空調系統中所需的機組的流量總和為系統的總流量，因此冷凍水總流量的計算為76m3/h得出循環泵的系統冷水總流量和設計揚程之后，在選擇水泵時應給水泵的揚程和流量分別加上10%至20%的安全系數，即：=1.2×255=83.6m3/h=1.1×18.2=20.02m7．2．2冷凍水泵選型水泵采用一用一備，總共兩臺，已知水泵揚程20.02mH2O，水泵流量76m3/h，本系統選用二臺臥式離心變頻冷凍泵。主要參數如表7.2所示。表7.2冷凍水泵主要參數轉速（r/min)流量（m3/h）揚程（mH2O）效率%軸功率電動機功率必需汽蝕余量（m）145075237815.3204進行水泵的配管布置時，應注意以下幾點：=1\*GB2⑴安裝軟性接管：在連接水泵的吸入管和壓出管上安裝軟性接管，有利于降噪。=2\*GB2⑵出口裝止回閥：水逆流而時水泵受損。=3\*GB2⑶水泵的吸入管和壓出管上應分別設進口閥和出口閥，便于水泵排空系統內的存水，方便檢修。=4\*GB2⑷出水管上應裝溫度計和壓力表。若水泵從地位水箱吸水，吸水管上還應該安裝真空表。=5\*GB2⑸水泵基礎高出地面的高度應小于0.1m，地面應設排水溝。7.3冷卻塔選型冷卻塔選型的一般原則：=1\*GB2⑴盡量選用低噪音的冷卻塔；=2\*GB2⑵考慮到冷卻水塔外形有要求時，易選用方形冷卻塔；=3\*GB2⑶應合理組織冷卻塔的氣流形式；=4\*GB2⑷要注意到防火的要求；由設計機組樣本中查知冷凝器中冷卻水流量為76m3/h，查設備樣本選擇冷卻塔主要參數如表7.3所示。表7.3冷卻塔主要參數型號冷卻水量風量風機直徑進水壓力直徑BNC100100m3/h25000m3/h1200mm2.15*104Pa2.0m7.4冷卻水泵的選型冷卻水泵所需的揚程為：（7-3）式中：hd,hf局部阻力和沿程阻力，mH2O；hm冷凝器阻力，mH2O；hs冷卻塔中水的提升高度，mH2O；h0冷卻塔噴嘴的噴霧壓力，mH2O，大約為5mH2O經計算水泵揚程為20.1m。同冷凍水泵的選型：=1.1×76=83.6m3/h=1.15×20.1=23.115m水泵采用一用一備，選用兩臺型號為B系列的臥式離心變頻冷卻泵。主要參數如表7.4所示。表7.4冷卻水泵主要參數轉速流量揚程效率%軸功率電動機功率必需汽蝕余量1450r/min85m3/h25mH2O7517.52147.5膨脹水箱配置與計算在閉式水系統中，系統管道及設備內必須充滿水，所以管任一點的壓力都應高于大氣壓，因此閉式水系統需要定壓。設計規范(GB50019—2003)中規定：定壓點宜設在循環水泵的吸入口處，定壓點最低壓力應使系統最高點壓力高于大氣壓力5kPa以上；膨脹水箱的底部至少比系統內管路最高點高出1.5m；宜采用高位水箱定位；膨脹管上應設置閥門[20]。本設計采用膨脹水箱定壓，膨脹水箱的優點是壓力穩定、系統簡單，基本不用管理。膨脹水箱的膨脹容積計算：（7-4）式中：水的體積膨脹系數，；最大水溫變化值。本次設計中，酒店的建筑面積為：76907m2則=0.0006×5×1.20×5126/1000=0.177m3選用山東水龍王集團生產的落地式膨脹水箱，其型號與性能參數如表7.5所示。表7.5膨脹水箱性能參數型號NZG(P)600設計壓力MPa全容積m3調節容積m3使用溫度℃0.3～1.60.300.115≤120膨脹水量水泵型號水泵臺數水泵揚程≤125SG60-201根據實際需要調節設備外形尺寸1200×612×1950地基尺寸1300×1000×3007.6閥門安裝水系統的閥門可采用閘閥、止回閥、球閥，對于大管路可采用蝶閥，選用閥門時，應和系統的承壓能力相適應，閥門型號應與連接管管徑相同[21]。閥門具有關斷和調節作用。當需定量調節流量時，可采用平衡閥。一般在如下位置設閥門：=1\*GB2⑴水泵的進口和出口；壓力表的接管上；=2\*GB2⑵系統的總入口、總出口；各分支環路的入口和出口；放水及放氣管上；=3\*GB2⑶熱交換器、表冷器、加熱器、過濾器的進出水管；=4\*GB2⑷自動控制閥雙通閥的兩端、三通閥的三端，以及為手動運行的旁通閥上。

結論本設計通過空調冷熱負荷的計算、空調系統的劃分與系統方案的確定、設備選型、風系統設計計算、水系統設計計算后經比較得出結論：因該設計的建筑類型為酒店，所以對內部的空氣品質要求較高，但是全水系統和冷劑系統卻只能消除室內的余熱和余濕，無法達到改良室內空氣質量的作用，所以在此次的建筑空調設計時不予選用。經系統方案的比較得出本酒店適合采用風機盤管加新風系統的空調系統形式。風管選用矩形風管，易于加工，安裝方便，具有一定的機械強度和良好的防火性能且氣流阻力較小。水系統采用兩管制、閉式、一次泵變流量系統，水泵的選擇首先要滿足最高運行工況的流量和揚程，使水泵的工作狀態點處于高效率范圍，并保留一定的富余量，本次設計水泵采用一用一備，總共兩臺，選用臥式離心變頻冷凍泵。進行水泵的配管布置時安裝軟性接管，有利于降噪，出口裝止回閥并在水泵的吸入管和壓出管上應分別設進口閥和出口閥，便于水泵排空系統內的存水，方便檢修。本設計采用膨脹水箱定壓，壓力穩定、系統簡單，基本不用管理。這次設計的系統選定僅適用于酒店類建筑，設備選型及具體的機組型號僅適用于同樣負荷下的空調系統，由于缺少更多的實踐經驗，本次的設計有不足之處，日后勤加學習，爭取更加完善。

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附錄1冷負荷計算表樓層房間面積工程負荷最大值時刻(14點)的各項負荷值最大負荷總冷負荷新風冷負荷總濕負荷新風濕負荷總冷指標新風冷指標總濕指標新風量m2WWkg/hkg/hW/m2W/m2kg/hm2m3/hW1層1001[銀行外]6510835.55120.16.474.7166.778.80.1100010835.531002[銀行內]109.016668.425603.232.361.223.50.035008952.751003[酒樓大堂]361.8231253.315360.220.811486.442.50.06300031939.631004[服務臺]47.882318.300.27048.400.0102691.561005[財務室]10.612180.25120.650.5205.548.30.061002532.391006[商務中心]8.041356.95120.650.5168.863.70.081002595.0224064.32層2001[餐廳]590.2312122576800.997.0270.2205.4130.10.1615000121906.532002[廚房]67.9531320.725600.325.4823.4460.9376.80.37500031359.94102401.23層300119.031416.95120.570.574.526.90.031001786.4300219.031411.35120.570.574.226.90.031001774.5300319.031584.75120.570.583.326.90.031002143.53300419.031394.55120.570.573.326.90.031001738.79300523.282798.25120.570.5120.2220.021003176.11300623.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92300723.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92300823.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92300923.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92301023.282145.95120.570.592.2220.021002350.97301123.282382.85120.570.5102.4220.021003278.25301215.11275.25120.570.584.533.90.041002159.86301315.11294.35120.570.585.733.90.041001295.99301415.11245.75120.570.582.533.90.041001247.39301515.11152.15120.570.576.333.90.041001153.82301615.11289.95120.570.585.433.90.041001291.65301715.11152.15120.570.576.333.90.041001153.82301815.11286.15120.570.585.233.90.041001287.79301915.11286.15120.570.585.233.90.041001287.79302020.81236.25120.570.559.424.60.031002120.84302178.63459.610241.040.944130.012004618.65302239.22076.810241.040.95326.10.032002084.84302339.22266.810241.040.957.826.10.032002272.6313312（續表）房間面積總冷負荷新風冷負荷總濕負荷新風濕負荷總冷指標新風冷指標總濕指標新風量最大負荷4層-7層400119.031416.95120.570.574.526.90.031001786.4400219.031411.35120.570.574.226.90.031001774.5400319.031584.75120.570.583.326.90.031002143.53400419.031394.55120.570.573.326.90.031001738.79400523.282798.25120.570.5120.2220.021003176.11400623.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92400723.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92400823.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92400923.281860.85120.570.579.9220.021002065.92401023.282145.95120.570.592.2220.021002350.97401123.282382.85120.570.5102.4220.021003278.25401215.11275.25120.570.584.533.90.041002159.86401315.11294.35120.570.585.733.90.041001295.99401415.11245.75120.570.582.533.90.041001247.39401515.11152.15120.570.576.333.90.041001153.82401615.11289.95120.570.585.433.90.041001291.65401715.11152.15120.570.576.333.90.041001153.82401815.11286.15120.570.585.233.90.041001287.79401915.11286.15120.570.585.233.90.041001287.79402020.81236.25120.570.559.424.60.031002120.84402122.11493.45120.570.567.623.20.031002200.48402222.11270.85120.570.557.523.20.031001276402322.11270.85120.570.557.523.20.031001276402422.11185.75120.570.553.723.20.031001188.14402522.11180.35120.570.553.423.20.031001182.55402622.11428.65120.570.564.623.20.031001431.63402722.11180.35120.570.553.423.20.031001182.5513824工程合計3939.7412019195074.3230.95178.4104.649.50.0638100412019

附錄2水力計算表表8.1一層水管水力計算系統最不利環路水力計算表最不利阻力70523Pa最不利環路立管1樓層1編號Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率VG192000158245800.85123.131.561654611620.00%VH192000158245800.85123.131.561654611620.00%E1056000963216.58650.74116.362.2192956840587690.00%FG106320010870.412.58650.83146.631.5184451923630.00%FG38570014740.43.94800.79107.490.1424324550.00%FG29020015514.48.27800.84118.551.598052515050.00%FG192000158241.21800.8512300%FH106320010870.412.58650.83146.631.5184451923630.00%FH38570014740.43.94800.79107.490.1424324550.00%FH29020015514.48.27800.84118.553980104920290.00%FH192000158240.91800.8512300%表8.2立管1立管管段水力計算表立管總阻力70523Pa最不利樓層樓層1編號Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率VG192000158245800.85123.131.561654611620.00%VH192000158245800.85123.131.561654611620.00%表8.3立管1樓層1水力計算表最不利環路阻力68200Pa最有利阻力35844Pa樓層不平衡率47.40%編號Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率FG192000158241.21800.8512300%FG29020015514.48.27800.84118.551.598052515050.00%FG38570014740.43.94800.79107.490.1424324550.00%FG42250038700.88400.81270.980.12393327235.60%FG5189003250.83.43400.68194.351.666737410410.00%FG6108001857.61.83320.54150.8932765047800.10%FG772001238.45.21250.56218.720.111391611550.00%FG881001393.26.21250.63273.231.5169729619930.00%FG95400928.86250.42127.551.67661849500.00%FG106320010870.412.58650.83146.631.5184451923630.00%FG1172001238.410.28250.56218.724.52248781302935.40%FG1245007746.17250.3590.931.55619165248.00%FH192000158240.91800.8512300%FH29020015514.48.27800.84118.553980104920290.00%（續表）編號Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率FH38570014740.43.94800.79107.490.1424324550.00%FH42250038700.28400.81270.980.1763310935.60%FH5189003250.84.03400.68194.350.1783238070.00%FH6108001857.61.83320.54150.894.52767199950.10%FH772001238.45.21250.56218.720.111391611550.00%FH881001393.26.04250.63273.233165059322420.00%FH95400928.86.17250.42127.551.67881849720.00%FH106320010870.412.58650.83146.631.5184451923630.00%FH1172001238.410.82250.56218.7232367546291435.40%FH1245007745.99250.3590.931.55459163648.00%E13600619.211.78200.5257.1512.2302931505345340.00%E23600619.23.13200.5257.151180431357321616.90%E33600619.23.13200.5257.1511804313573216112.70%E42700464.411.1200.37150.4612.2167030846325160.00%E52700464.42.43200.37150.461136530763311284.30%E62700464.41.74200.37150.467262304863074710.70%E73600619.22.7200.5257.1511695313573205220.90%E83600619.23.52200.5257.154.590630555314611.70%E93600619.25.63200.5257.154.5144830555320030.00%E1056000963216.58650.74116.362.2192956840587690.00%E111800309.65.09150.43280.858.2142830750321790.00%E122700464.46.38200.37150.46795930486314452.30%E131800309.614.5150.43280.8516.54073315103558247.60%表8.4一層新風分支1最不利路徑水力計算表最不利阻力(Pa)40編號G(m3/h)L(m)形狀D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)149001.47矩形8003205.321.0101.01239001.69矩形6303205.371.301.3329003.77矩形5003205.032.8502.85419007.54矩形3203205.157.60.387.98514001.67矩形3202504.861.7701.77610000.27矩形3201605.430.521.8322.34710001.23矩形3201605.432.2602.26表8.5分支1水力計算表編號G(m3/h)L(m)形狀D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)149001.47矩形8003205.321.0101.01239001.69矩形6303205.371.301.3（續表）編號G(m3/h)L(m)形狀D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)329003.77矩形5003205.032.8502.85419007.54矩形3203205.157.60.387.98514001.67矩形3202504.861.7701.77610000.27矩形3201605.430.521.8322.34710001.23矩形3201605.432.2602.2684005.17矩形2001603.475.196.2211.4293002.25矩形1601603.262.2902.29101001.58矩形1201201.930.893.44.29115008.86矩形2501603.477.927.6515.571210005.9矩形4002003.473.585.669.2413100010.91矩形4002003.476.628.4615.081410002.58矩形4002003.471.567.729.28表8.6分支1平衡分析表編號不平衡率總阻力(Pa)并聯最不利阻力(Pa)平衡閥阻力(Pa)20.00%38.538.5030.00%37.237.201359.50%15.0837.222.12表8.7二層水管系統最不利環路水力計算表最不利阻力78776Pa最不利環路立管1樓層1編號Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率VG121390036790.851001.18165.51.5827104518730.00%VH121390036790.851001.18165.51.5827104518730.00%E55600096324.97650.74116.362.257856840574190.00%FG960500104064.12650.8134.880.1555325870.00%FG869500119544.43650.91175.940.1779428210.00%FG778500135024.3651.03222.390.19565310100.00%FG683000142760.05800.77101.111.554444500.00%FG5148000254561.791000.8281.441.61465346800.00%FG41525002623010.711000.8486.251.592453114550.00%FG121390036790.86.531001.18165.51.261081278738680.00%FH960500104063.52650.8134.880.1474325060.00%FH869500119544.43650.91175.940.1779428210.00%FH778500135024.3651.03222.390.19565310100.00%FH683000142760.65800.77101.113668899550.00%FH5148000254561.961000.8281.440.1160331930.00%FH41525002623010.541000.8486.251.590953114400.00%FH121390036790.86.231001.18165.51.261031278738180.00%表8.8立管1立管管段水力計算表立管總阻力78776Pa最不利樓層樓層1編號Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率VG121390036790.851001.18165.51.5827104518730.00%VH121390036790.851001.18165.51.582710451