分布式溫度傳感器外文文獻翻譯(含：英文原文及中文譯文)文獻出處：英文原文DistributedTemperatureSensorChristopherWalker1.Sensorintroduction1.1TemperaturesensorbackgroundInthehumanlivingenvironment,temperatureplayinganextremelyimportantrole。Nomatterwhereyoulive,engagedinanywork,ever-presentdealtwithtemperatureunder.Sincethe18thcentury,industrysincetheindustrialrevolutiontowhethercanmastersendexhibitionhastheabsolutetemperaturetouch.Inmetallurgy,steel,petrochemical,cement,glass,medicineindustryandsoon,cansayalmosteightypercentofindustrialdepartmentshavetoconsiderthefactorswithtemperature.Temperatureforindustrialsoimportant,thuspromotingthedevelopmentofthetemperaturesensor.1.2TemperaturesensordevelopmentMajorgeneralthroughthreesensordevelopmentphase:analogintegratedtemperaturesensor.Thesensoristakenwithsiliconsemiconductorintegratedworkmanship,thereforealsocalledsiliconsensorormonolithicintegratedtemperaturesensor.Suchsensinginstrumentshavesinglefunction(onlymeasuringtemperature),temperaturemeasurementerrorissmaller,pricelow,fastresponse,thetransmissiondistance,smallvolume,micro-consumptionelectronicetc,suitableforlongdistancemeasurementtemperature,temperaturecontrol,donotneedtoundertakenonlinearcalibration,peripheralcircuitissimple.Itiscurrentlythemostcommonapplicationathomeandabroad,anintegratedsensor。TypicalproductshaveAD590AD592,TMP17,LM135,etc.jAnalogintegratedtemperaturecontroller.Analogintegratedtemperaturecontrollermainlyincludetemperaturecontrolswitch,programmabletemperaturecontroller,atypicalproducthaveLM56,AD22105andMAX6509.Someincreasestrengthtypeintegratedtemperaturecontroller(forexampleTC652/653)alsocontainstheA/Dconverterandcuregoodsequence,thisprocesswiththeintelligenttemperaturesensorsomesimilarities.Butitisnotitssystem,workbymicroprocessingdevicecontrol,thisisthemaindifferencebetween.Intelligenttemperaturesensor.intelligenttemperaturesensor(alsocalleddigitaltemperaturedegreessensor)isinthemid1990slaunch.Itismicroelectronicstechnology,computertechnologyandthedynamictestingtechnology(ATE)crystallization.Intelligenttemperaturesensorinternalcontaintemperaturesensor,A/Dconverter,signalprocessor,memory(orregisters)andinterfacecircuit.Someproductsstilltakemultiplexer,centralcontrolsystemdevice(CPU),randomaccessmemory(RAM)andreadonlymemory(ROM).Intelligenttemperaturesensorischaracteristicoftemperaturedataandrelevantcanoutputthetemperaturecontrolofthequantity,adaptationvariousmicrocontroller(MCU);1.3SinglepointandmoretemperaturesensorThedevelopmenttrendofthetemperaturesensor.Inthe21stcentury,thetemperaturesensorisheadedinhighprecision,multi-function,bus,standardization,highreliabilityandsafety,developmentofvirtualsensorandnetworksensor,researchmonolithictemperaturemeasuringsystemandotherhigh-techdirectiondeveloprapidly.Sensorsintheapplicationtemperaturecontrollingsystem.Currentmarketexistsmainlysinglepointandmoretwotemperaturemeasurement.Forsinglepointtemperaturefoundmentinstrument,mainlyadoptsthetraditionalanalogintegratedtemperaturesensor,whichheatresistance,thermocouplesensorsmeasuringaccuracy,highmeasurementrange,andgotthegeneralapplication.Thisproductistemperaturemeasuringrange℃~200mostlybetween800℃,resolution12th,andleastdistinguishabletemperaturein0.001~0.01between.CabinLEDdisplaymodule,showsrangingfrom4to16.Someinstrumentsalsohasmemoryfunction,canstoreseveralhundredtoafewthousandsetsofdata.2.Thesystemrealizedandrelatedtechnologies2.1ThesystemisrealizedBythewholecontrolsystemforcoreAT89C51,usingfourwaysoftemperaturesensorDS18B20inproductionsitefordistributionareaoffourdifferenttemperaturemeasurementresultwiththechipchecking,collationstoreanddisplay,andthroughthebuttoncontrol,temperaturewillprocessaftertheLEDdigitaldisplaytocomeout,andthesoftwareassurancesystemanti-interferencecapacity.ConnectedtoMCUrespectively,thisschemefourIOmouthoccupyMCUfourIOthough,butthemicrocontrollerIOmouthundertheconditionofmouthnotshortagebythisschemegreatlysimplifyprogrammingdifficulty,shortenthedesigncycle,alsocanguaranteethestabilityofthesystem.Amultipointconnectionasshown.2.2AT89C51ChipintroductionAT89C51isa4KbytesFLASHMemory(ErasableProgrammableandFPEROM-FLASHforthecampaignswith)lowvoltage,high-performanceCMOSeightmicroprocessors,commonlyknownasthemicrocontroller.AT89C2051isa2Kbyteswithflashmemorycanbeerasedprogrammableread-onlymemory,SCMcaneraseread-onlymemorycanberepeatederased1000times.ThisdeviceadoptsATMELhigh-densitynon-volatilememorymanufacturingtechnologymanufacturing,andindustrialstandardMCS-51instructionsetandoutputtubecompatible.Duetothemultifunctional8bitsCPUandwillbeflashingonsinglechipcombinationofmemory,ATMELAT89C51isakindofhighefficientmicrocontroller,AT89C2051isastreamlinedversion.AT89C51microcontrollerasmanyembeddedcontrolsystem.P0Mouth:P0mouthaeightleakleveltwo-wayI/Omouthopen,everyfootcanabsorb8TTLgatecurrent.WhenthepipemouthP0feetfirstwrite1,definedashighresistanceinput.P0canbeusedforexternalprogramdatastorage,itcanbedefinedastheeighthdata/address.InFIASHprogramming,P0mouthasthesource-codeinputport,whenFIASHcheck,thesource-codeP0output,whenP0externalmustbepulled.P1mouth:mouthisaninternalP1providepull-upresistors8-bittwo-wayI/Omouth,P1mouthbuffercanreceive4TTLgatecurrentoutput.P1mouthtubefeet,wasthenwrite1forhigh,pullupinsidecanbeusedasinput,P1mouthbeexternalpulldownforlowelectricityatordinarytimes,willoutputcurrent,thisisduetointernalpullupsake.InFLASHprogrammingandcalibration,P1mouthaseighthaddresstoreceive.P2mouth:foraninternalP2mouthonthe8-bitpull-upresistorstwo-wayI/Oport,P2mouthtoreceive,theoutputbuffer4TTLgatecurrent,whenP2mouthiswritten"1",itstubefeetareinternalpull-upresistors,andpushasinput.Andsoastheinput,P2mouthfeetareexternaldowntube,willoutputcurrent.Thisisduetointernalpullupsake.P2mouthwhenusedexternalprogrammemoryor16addressexternaldatamemoryaccess,P2mouthhighoutputaddresseight.Inagivenaddress"1",itusinginternalandexternal8addressadvantage,whenforreadingandwritingdatamemory,P2whenthespecialfunctionregistersmouthoutputofcontent.P2mouthinFLASHprogrammingandthecalibrationeightaddresswhenreceivinghighsignalandcontrolsignals.P3mouth:P3mouthpipeis8feetwithinternalpull-upresistorstwo-wayI/Oport,mayreceivefourTTLgatecurrentoutput.WhenP3mouthwriting"1",theyareinternalandhighlevel,andusedasinput.Asinput,duetoexternaldrop-downforlowlevel,P3mouthwilloutputcurrent(ILL)thisisduetopullup'ssake.RST:resetinput.WhenoscillatorresetdevicetokeepRSTfeethighleveltwomachinecycletime.ALE/PROG:whenaccessexternalstorage,addresslatchallowstheoutputlevelofthepositionforlatchaddressbyte.DuringtheFLASHprogramming,thispinforinputprogrammingpulse.Inpeacetime,theALEwithaconstantfrequencycycleoutputisthepulsesignal,thefrequenciesofthe1/6oscillatorfrequency.Soitcanbeusedagainstexternaloutputpulseorusedfortimingpurpose.Howeveritis:wheneverusedforexternaldatastorage,willskipaALEpulse.IfyouwanttobantheALEoutputcanbeinSFR8EHaddressfor0.Atthistime,onlybyperformingtheALEMOVX,MOVCinstructionisALEtotakeeffect.Inaddition,thepinswereslightlyup.IfmicroprocessorinexternalexecutionALE,buyabanisinvalid./PSEN:externalprogrammemorychoiceofcommunicationnumber.Byexternalprogrammemoryinduringtheinstructionfetch,eachmachinecycletwice/PSENeffective.Butonavisittoexternaldatastorage,thetwoeffective/PSENsignalswillnotappear./EA/VPP:when/EAkeeplowlevelsinthisperiod,theexternalprogrammemory(0000H-FFFFH),whetherhaveinternalprogrammemory.Noteencryptionmethod1,/EAwillRESETforinternalfocus;3ConclusionsDiscretezonesofgroundwaterdischargeinastreamwithinapeat-dominatedwetlandwereidentifiedonthebasisofvariationsinstreambedtemperatureusingadistributedtemperaturesensor(DTS).DuringSeptember,groundwaterinnorthernWisconsinis5
–16
coolerthansurfacewater,creatingthenecessarycontrastrequiredwhenusingtheDTSsothatthetemperaturedifferencecanbeusedasanaturaltracerforidentifyinggroundwaterdischargetothestream.TheDTSgivesarelativelycomprehensiveviewofthestreamreachthroughaccuratemeasurementsofthespatialandtemporalvariationofstreambedtemperatureoveramuchlargerreachofstreamthancanbeobtainedusingseepagemeters,temperatureprobes,orthermocouples.DTStechnologyhasseverallimitationsrelatedtobothinstallationandenvironmentalfactors.Caremustbetakenduringfieldemplacementtoensurethefiber-opticcableisplacedataconsistentdepthbelowthesedimentwaterinterface.Artifactsofvariationsincableplacementcouldbeobservedinthetemperaturerecordifthecableisnotbelowthesediment-waterinterface.Animalactivitycanalsoimpactfieldstudies,causingbreaksalongthefiberopticcable.Inthisresearch,animalactivityreducedthelengthofthefiber-opticcablefrom1300(Figure2)to650m(Figure5).Placingthefiber-opticcablewithinaprotectiveconduitextendedthelifeofthecable.ItisalsoimportantthattheDTSbedeployedduringthosetimesoftheyearand/ordaywhenthereisalargedifferencebetweenstreamandgroundwatertemperatures.[23]IsolatedtemperatureanomaliesobservedalongAllquashCreekcorrespondtofocusedgroundwaterdischargezones,likelycausedbysoilpipeswithinthepeat.Ahole,consistentwiththepresenceofasoilpipe,wasobservedwithinthestreambedofAllquashCreek,anditslocationcorrespondedtoatemperatureanomalyalongtheDTSprofileaswellasstrongdischargemeasuredinaseepagemeter.TheDTSalsorecordedvariationsinthenumberoftemperatureanomaliesperunitlengthofstream,whichcorrelatedwithachangefromagainingtoalosingreach.[24]FocusedzonesofgroundwaterdischargeinAllequashCreekshowednochangeinpositionoversuccessivemeasurementperiodsonthebasisofananalysisofthestandarddeviationoftemperaturethroughtime.Thesteadypositionofthesezonesimpliesrelativelystablegroundwaterflowlocationswithinthepeatoverthetimescaleinvestigated.However,locatingtheexactlocationofdischargezoneswithstandardseepagemeterinvestigationsinwetlandstreamsunderlaidbypeatcanbeproblematic;indeed,atthisstudysiteitwouldbeexceedinglylabor-intensivetofindhydrologicallyactivelocationsinthestreamwithouttheDTS.TheDTSmeasurementsallowedustotargetspecificlocationsinthestreambedforfieldinvestigationsusingseepagemeters.Seepagemetermeasurementsshowedatwoordersofmagnitudedifferenceingroundwaterfluxtothestreambetweenfocusedanddiffusedischargezones.However,evenwitha1-maveragedDTSmeasurement,additionalfieldcharacterizationwasrequiredtoaccuratelylocatethedischargezone.中文譯文分布式溫度傳感器作者：克里斯托弗·沃克1.傳感器介紹1.1溫度傳感器背景在人類的生活環境中，氣溫起著極其重要的作用，無論你住在哪里，從事任何工作，永遠處在溫度下。18世紀以來，工業革命以來工業革命對于高手發展是否有絕對的溫度觸動。在冶金，鋼鐵，石化，水泥，玻璃，醫藥等行業中，幾乎有百分之八十的工業部門需要考慮溫度的因素。對于工業溫度如此重要，從而推動了溫度傳感器的發展。1.2溫度傳感器的開發少將通過三個傳感器開發階段：模擬集成溫度傳感器。該傳感器采用硅半導體集成工藝制造，因此也被稱為硅傳感器或單片集成溫度傳感器。這類傳感儀器具有單功能（只測量溫度），測溫誤差較小，價格較低，響應速度快，傳輸距離遠，體積小，微電子消耗等優點，適用于長距離測溫，溫控，不需要進行非線性校準，外圍電路簡單。它是目前國內外最常見的應用集成傳感器，典型產品有AD590，AD592，TMP17，LM135等.Analog集成溫度控制器。模擬集成溫度控制器主要包括溫度控制開關，可編程溫度控制器，典型產品有LM56，AD22105和MAX6509。有些增加強度型集成溫度控制器（例如TC652/653）還包含A/D轉換器和固化好序列，這個過程與智能溫度傳感器有一些相似之處。但它不是它的系統，工作由微處理器控制，這是主要的區別。智能溫度傳感器。智能溫度傳感器（也稱為數字溫度傳感器）是在20世紀90年代中期發射的。它是微電子技術，計算機技術和動態測試技術（ATE）的結晶。智能溫度傳感器內部包含溫度傳感器，A/D轉換器，信號處理器，存儲器（或寄存器）和接口電路。有些產品還采用多路復用器，中央控制系統設備（CPU），隨機存取存儲器（RAM）和只讀存儲器（ROM）。智能溫度傳感器具有溫度數據特性和相關可輸出量的溫度控制，適應各種微控制器（MCU）;1.3單點和多點溫度傳感器溫度傳感器的發展趨勢。進入21世紀，溫度傳感器向高精度，多功能，總線，標準化，高可靠性和安全性方向發展，虛擬傳感器和網絡傳感器的發展，單片溫度測量系統等高科技方向的研究迅速發展。應用溫度控制系統中的傳感器。目前市場主要存在單點和多點兩種溫度測量。對于單點溫度基準儀，主要采用傳統的模擬集成溫度傳感器，其熱阻，熱電偶傳感器測量精度高，測量范圍大，得到了廣泛的應用。本產品溫度測量范圍℃?200℃，大多在800℃之間，分辨率12℃，且最小辨別溫度在0.001?0.01℃之間。機艙LED顯示模塊，顯示范圍從42.系統實現和相關技術2.1系統實現通過核心AT89C51的整個控制系統，在生產現場使用四路溫度傳感器DS18B20為四個不同溫度測量結果的分配區域進行芯片檢查，整理存儲和顯示，并通過按鈕控制，溫度將在LED之后進行處理數字顯示器出來了，軟件保證系統的抗干擾能力。該方案分別與MCU相連，該方案四個IO口雖然占用MCU四個IO，但由于該方案在口下條件下的微控制器IO口大大簡化了編程難度，縮短了設計周期，也能保證系統的穩定性。如圖所示的多點連接。2.2AT89C51芯片介紹AT89C51是一款4K字節的FLASH存儲器（可擦除可編程和FPEROM-FLASH，用于廣告系列）低電壓，高性能CMOS八位微處理器，俗稱微控制器。AT89C2051是一個2K字節的帶閃存的可擦除可編程只讀存儲器，單片機可以擦除只讀存儲器，可以反復擦除1000次。該器件采用ATMEL高密度非易失性存儲器制造技術制造，并與工業標準MCS-51指令集和輸出管兼容。由于多功能8位CPU，并且將在單芯片組合內存上閃爍，ATMELAT89C51是一種高效微控制器，AT89C2051是一款精簡版。AT89C51微控制器作為許多嵌入式控制系統。P0口：P0口一個八泄漏雙向I/O口，每一腳可吸收8TTL門電流。當管口P0腳先寫1時，定義為高阻輸入。P0可用于外部程序數據存儲，它可以定義為第8個數據/地址。在FIASH編程中，P0口作為源碼輸入口，當FIASH檢查時，源碼P0輸出，P0外部必須被拉。P1口：口是內部P1提供上拉電阻8位雙向I/O口，P1口緩沖器可接收4TTL門電流輸出。P1口管腳，然后寫入1為高電平，內部上拉可用作輸入，平時P1口為低電平外部拉低，會輸出電流，這是由于內部上拉緣故。在FLASH編程和校準時，P1口作為第八個