歐洲高溫燃料電池(SOC)及其氫儲能研究進展歐洲高溫燃料電池(SOC)及其氫儲能研究進展CONTENTS???MotivationandcurrentSOCR&DinEuropeCONTENTS???MotivationandcurrentSOCR&DinEurope歐洲研發現狀簡介State-of-the-artSOCperformance(atForschungszentrumJülich)于利希研究中心SOC性能Summary2THEEUNEEDSADECARBONIZEDENERGYSYSTEMCO2排放量(Mt)~50%ofgapcanbeclosedbyHTHEEUNEEDSADECARBONIZEDENERGYSYSTEMCO2排放量(Mt)~50%ofgapcanbeclosedbyH2562ΔT<2°C(Source:doi:10.2843/341510)3THEHYDROGENSOCIETYANDFUELCELLTECHNOLOGYFuelcells(燃料電池):--Powergeneration,UPSCHPFCV,APU,REMarine,aviation--FCFCFCH2ElectrolyzersTHEHYDROGENSOCIETYANDFUELCELLTECHNOLOGYFuelcells(燃料電池):--Powergeneration,UPSCHPFCV,APU,REMarine,aviation--FCFCFCH2Electrolyzers儲能):EL---PtGPtXOn-sitegenerationDifferenttypesoffuelcellstomeetthedemandsofdifferentapplications4FUELCELLSANDHYDROGENJOINTUNDERTAKING(FCHJU)(2008~2017)歐盟氫和燃料電池項目支持概況SOC:38(Source:doi:10.2843/875050)(Basedondoi:10.2843/701136)FUELCELLSANDHYDROGENJOINTUNDERTAKING(FCHJU)(2008~2017)歐盟氫和燃料電池項目支持概況SOC:38(Source:doi:10.2843/875050)(Basedondoi:10.2843/701136)FCHJUFUNDINGONRESEARCHFORSTATIONARYAPPLICATION對固定式應用科研項目的支持概況“TheFCHJUmadeitaprioritytotakeSOFCsthrougharangeoftechnologyreadinesslevels(TRLs),fromresearchtobecoFCHJUFUNDINGONRESEARCHFORSTATIONARYAPPLICATION對固定式應用科研項目的支持概況“TheFCHJUmadeitaprioritytotakeSOFCsthrougharangeoftechnologyreadinesslevels(TRLs),fromresearchtobecomingacommerciallyviableproduct.Theobjectivesweretoincreasetheirlongevityandreduceproductioncosts從研究到產品，重點是壽命和成本衰減壽命診斷下一代“InitialworkfocusedonextendingthelifespanofSOFCs”“ThenextresearchobjectivewastoidentifywaystodevelopSOFCs,fromfunctionalbutexperimentaldesignsinthelaboratory,tousingsemi-automatedmanufacturinglines.”從實驗室論證產品半自動化生產(Source:doi:10.2843/875050)材料材料研發技術就緒指數系統組件生產制造(Source:doi:10.2843/701136)GERMANYSTANDINGONTHEFRONTLINEHydrogenrefuelingstations加氫站家用熱電聯供系統裝機量Germany:04/201964SOFC:PEM:663443GERMANYSTANDINGONTHEFRONTLINEHydrogenrefuelingstations加氫站家用熱電聯供系統裝機量Germany:04/201964SOFC:PEM:6634432020100202540020301000(Source:https://h2.live/en)(Source:http://enefield.eu/category/news/reports/)JüLICH’SSOCTECHNOLOGY(于利希研究中心)----Anode-supportedcellbasedonan8YSZelectrolyteandYSZ/Nielectrode(fuelcellmode)Metallicplanarinterconnector(Crofer22APU,Crofer22H)JüLICH’SSOCTECHNOLOGY(于利希研究中心)----Anode-supportedcellbasedonan8YSZelectrolyteandYSZ/Nielectrode(fuelcellmode)Metallicplanarinterconnector(Crofer22APU,Crofer22H)RobuststackdesignsforstationaryandmobileapplicationsFurtherR&Dfocusonnext-generationstackdesignsandLT-SOFCSelectedResults:----Long-termstabilityinfuelcellmode燃料電池穩態運行Thermalcyclingability熱循環性Stabilityinelectrolysismode電解池穩定性System系統8F10DESIGN:燃料電池穩態運行ASCcellswithLSCFcathode~0.2%/khF1004-21,PVDGDC,APSLCC12~0.3%/khF10DESIGN:燃料電池穩態運行ASCcellswithLSCFcathode~0.2%/khF1004-21,PVDGDC,APSLCC12~0.3%/khF1004-67,APSMCF,LSCFF1002-95,WPSMnOx,LSC12~0.2%/kh~1.0%/khF1002-97,WPSMnOx,LSCC10,ITM700°C0.5Acm-2H2+20%H2OuF:40%FOR100,000hOF700°C(08.2007~01.2019)FOR100,000hOF700°C(08.2007~01.2019)運行前700°C，運行十萬小時后STACKDESIGN:F20WINDOWFRAMEDESIGNInitialsituationStackpowerisintherangeof5to10kWasbasicmodulesizeforbiggersystemsavoidtoomanystacksinonelargesystem,thepowerofthebasicunitmustbeincreasedApproachUseofstandardcellsizetoreduceriskofsupplySTACKDESIGN:F20WINDOWFRAMEDESIGNInitialsituationStackpowerisintherangeof5to10kWasbasicmodulesizeforbiggersystemsavoidtoomanystacksinonelargesystem,thepowerofthebasicunitmustbeincreasedApproachUseofstandardcellsizetoreduceriskofsupplyStackingof100cellsormoreisnecessaryAdaptationofmanifoldSealingtechnologySub-stackconcept窗式設計增加有效面積，并避免對大尺寸電池片的依賴性Interconnectwithfourcells(10x10cm2)inonelayerF20DESIGN:THERMALCYCLING(200°C~700°C)INFURNACE窗式電堆熱循環性(電爐環境)2x5-layersub-stacks干燥氫氣下開路電壓Performanceat0.5F20DESIGN:THERMALCYCLING(200°C~700°C)INFURNACE窗式電堆熱循環性(電爐環境)2x5-layersub-stacks干燥氫氣下開路電壓Performanceat0.5A/cm20.5A/cm2負載下電壓CSV:LIGHTWEIGHTCASSETTEDESIGNCSV:LIGHTWEIGHTCASSETTEDESIGN更輕，更易工業化生產的電堆設計DesignfeaturestoimproverobustnessCASSETTEDESIGN:THERMALCYCLING(200°C~700°C)INFURNACE干燥氫氣下開路電壓0.35A/cm2負載下電壓Stackisstillrunning…FurtherresultswillbepresentedinSOFCXVI,Kyoto,2019CASSETTEDESIGN:THERMALCYCLING(200°C~700°C)INFURNACE干燥氫氣下開路電壓0.35A/cm2負載下電壓Stackisstillrunning…FurtherresultswillbepresentedinSOFCXVI,Kyoto,2019REVERSIBILITY可逆性TfurnaceASR@~800°C/0.5A/cm2:SOFC:140REVERSIBILITY可逆性TfurnaceASR@~800°C/0.5A/cm2:SOFC:140m?cm2SOEC:165m?cm2~20%higherASRat~800°CfurnacetemperatureinSOEmode(becauseofhighertemperatureinSOFCmodeat0.5A/cm2incombinationwithhigheractivationenergy)Comparableperformanceinwaterandco-electrolysisSOEC電解水穩態運行voltagedegradation~0.6%/1000h,mainlycausedbyincreaseinohmicresistance.Q.Fang,C.E.SOEC電解水穩態運行voltagedegradation~0.6%/1000h,mainlycausedbyincreaseinohmicresistance.Q.Fang,C.E.N.H.L.Blum,JournalofTheElectrochemical165(2)F38-F45(2018)16NIDEPLETIONAFTERELECTROLYSISOPERATIONStackafter~20,000hofSOECNIDEPLETIONAFTERELECTROLYSISOPERATIONStackafter~20,000hofSOECoperationmainly800°C,50%H2O,50%steamconversionStackafter~36,000hofSOFCoperation700°C,20%H2O,40%ufNidepletionattheelectrolyte/fuelelectrodeinterfaceduringSOECoperationwasthemaincauseofdegradationinohmicresistance鎳在電極/電解質界面的偏移是電解水模式下主要的衰減現象20KWSYSTEM(2013)PDCTmaxel,net>20kWel<800°C>40%naturalgassteamreformingModule1Module2Module3Module420KWSYSTEM(2013)PDCTmaxel,net>20kWel<800°C>40%naturalgassteamreformingModule1Module2Module3Module4UcuFS/CTref=800mV=70%=2.2=500°C=630°C=700°CControl&dataacquisitionSteamgeneration&heatrecoveryBlowerSystemdimensions:3.25x1x2.1m3IntegratedModule5kWStack5KWRSOCPLANT(2018-2019)CommissioningstartedinNovember2018Fueloff-gasrecirculationIntegratedModuleSOFCwithH2:0.5A/cm2@834mV;5KWRSOCPLANT(2018-2019)CommissioningstartedinNovember2018Fueloff-gasrecirculationIntegratedModuleSOFCwithH2:0.5A/cm2@834mV;uf=97%5.33kWDCDC,net=62%SOEwithH2O:-0.89A/cm2@1260mV;uH2O=85%14,9kWDC4,75Nm3/hH2DC,net=70%(steam+heatingelectrically)ElectrolysissystemwithcathoderecirculationEffectofheatsupplyonefficiency外部供熱對系統效率的影響(incl.gascompressionto70bar)goalfor2ElectrolysissystemwithcathoderecirculationEffectofheatsupplyonefficiency外部供熱對系統效率的影響(incl.gascompressionto70bar)goalfor234R.Peters,R.Deja,L.Blum,V.N.Nguyen,Q.Fang,D.Stolten,InfluenceofoperatingparametersonoverallsystemefficienciesusingsolidoxideelectrolysisInternationalJournalofHydrogen40(2015)SUMMARY-AdecarbonizedenergysystemintheEUneedsH2energyElectrolysiswithrenewableenergyhaslong-termpotentialforH2productionandenergystorageGermanyisleadingthefuelcellandH2activityintheEUSUMMARY-AdecarbonizedenergysystemintheEUneedsH2energyElectrolysiswithrenewableenergyhaslong-termpotentialforH2productionandenergystorageGermanyisleadingthefuelcellandH2activityintheEUTheEU’scurrentfocusonfuelcellandH2technologyistoincreasetheTRLSOCtechnologycanbedemonstratedinthelaboratoryfromthecelltosystemlevel-----StableperformanceofSOCsdemonstratedatthestacklevel(uptokW)SOLIDOXIDECELL(SOC)FORAsapowergenerator(SOFCmode):----SOLIDOXIDECELL(SOC)FORAsapowergenerator(SOFCmode):-----HighestconversionefficiencyNopreciousmetalsnece