北京地區成人本科學士學位英語統一考試PartⅠReadinｇCｏｍpreｈension(30%)?Dｉrectioｎs:Ｔherｅarｅｔhreepａssａgeｓintｈｉsparｔ.Eａｃｈｐassagｅiｓfｏllowedsomequestionｓoｒuｎｆiniｓhedstａｔements.ＦorｅachoftheｍｔherearｅfouｒcｈoicｅsmａｒｋedA,Ｂ,CaｎdＤ.ＹｏusｈouｌddｅcideonthｅbｅstｃhoiｃeaｎdｂｌａckentheｃｏrresｐoｎdｉnｇletteronｔheAnｓwerｓhｅet。Pａssage１

Quesｔioｎs1ｔo５arｅbasｅdonthefoｌlowiｎgｐaｓsage:Ｉstｈat６a.m.wｏrkouｔｇettiｎｇintｈewayofgｏodsleｅｐ?Ｄoｎ’tthinkｙouｒfatｃellｓwon’tnotｉcｅ.AnewｓｔudｙpublishｅｄinTｈeAｎnａlsｏfInternalMedicｉne（aｍeｄｉｃaljournａｌ)findsｔhatinadequａteshuｔ－eyehasahａｒmfuleffectｏnfaｔcelｌs,redｕcingtheiｒａbiｌitytorespｏndtｏinsｕｌin(胰島素)byａbｏuｔ30percｅnt.Overtheloｎg-terｍ,ｔｈisdecrｅａｓedresponsecoｕｌdsetｔhｅsｔagｅｆoｒｔyｐe-２diabetes（ａmｅdiｃａlconditioｎiｎwhichsomeonehａsｔｏomuｃhｓuｇａrinhｉｓｏrhｅrｂloｏd）,fattyliverｄiseaseａndweightgain.Tｈesｔudyａdｄsｔｏａｇｒoｗingbodyofｅviｄenceｔhａtｔｈｅre’ｓ“anintｉmaterelaｔionshipbeｔwｅｅｎtｈeａmountoｆsleepwegeｔaｎdouｒabilｉｔytomaintainagｏｏd，heａlthyｂoｄyｗeigｈt，”sａyssleepｅxpｅｒtHeｌeｎeEmsellem,ｄirｅｃtoｒoftheCenterforSｌｅｅpandWaｋeDｉsordersinChevyChａsｅ,Marｙlａnd.（７6)ButAmeｒicａnsｄon’tsｅemｔｏbeｇettinｇthemｅssａｇethaｔｗeneedsevenｔoniｎｅｈourｓｐerｎight．Morethaｎ1iｎ5ｏfus,ａccordingｔoａｒeｐorｔfromtｈeCentersforDiseaseCｏnｔｒoｌａnｄPｒeventiｏn,isgettingsｉxoｒfeｗeｒｈｏｕrsofsleeppeｒnight,onaveｒａgｅ.SohｏｗdｉdreseａrcherssｔudyfａtcellsiｎｔheAｎnalsｐapeｒ？MatthewBradｙofｔｈeUniversiｔyofChｉcagoandagroｕpofcollｅａgｕesｓeleｃteｄａndｐｅrsｕadｅdsevｅnvoｌｕnteersｔotakｅpａｒtｉntｈereｓearchｐrｏｊect．Tｈeｙweｒeallyoung，thinandheａｌｔhyandaｇｒｅedtｏｓleepforeiｇhtnｉｇhtsinaslｅｅplab.“Foｒfournightｓtheｙwｅrｅallｏｗedｔostaｙiｎｂｅdｆor8.５hoursanight,”saｙsBrady．Thｅn,aｍontｈlａteｒ,tｈｅycaｍebaｃｋfoｒｆｏuraddｉtｉonaｌｎiｇhtｓ——ｂｕｔtｈｉstimethｅywｅreaｌlｏweｄjuｓｔ４.5houｒsoｆsｌeeppernｉｇht.Andaftereacｈｖisiｔ,rｅsearｃhersgｏｔasampｌeｏftheirfat.（7７)Ｂradyexplainsthａtthefatｃｅllsrespoｎdｅdｓignificantlytotｈelossofsleep．“Ｂadthingscａnｈaｐpenwhenｆatcellsbecoｍelｅｓｓrespｏnｓiveｔｏｉnsulin．“Fatcｅllsareａｃtualｌyyoｕｒｆｒiend,”hesays．“Tｈｅｙ’rｅthereｔoｓtoｒelipidｓ(血脂).”Ｗheｎlｉｐidsｓｔａｙｉnsｉｄeｔheceｌｌｓ,yoｕrｂｏdｙcanｕtiｌizetheｆatｗhenyou’reｅxｅrciｓingｏrsｌeepingoｒgｏingabouｔｙｏｕｒdａy.“Hｏwｅver,ｗｈeｎfatceｌlsstaｒtｔobｅcomeinｓｕlinrｅsiｓtaｎt,theliｐidsｓtaｒｔtoleａcｈoutoｆtｈefaｔcelｌｓandriseinｔｈeｂlooｄstreａｍ,”Ｂｒaｄｙsays.1.Accorｄｉnｇtoｔhepasｓage,lackofslｅepforalongwhileｃanprｏｂａblyleａdtoａｌloftｈｅfollｏwiｎgEXCEＰＴ＿＿___.A．hｅａｒtｄiｓeaseB.ｗeigｈtｇainC.diabｅtｅｓD.lｉｖerdｉsｅaｓe２.Thｅmaｉnideaofthｅthiｒdparagrapｈiｓ____＿A．hoｗtowriｔeameｄiｃａlｒｅsearchｐapｅrB．howtoavoｉdslｅｅｐlosｓC.ｈｏwtheｒesearchwａsconductedD．howtocondｕctamｅdicaleｘperiｍｅｎt３.Whaｔdoｅsｔｈe“leach”iｎｔhelastpａrａｇｒａpｈpｒoｂablymean?A.Ｌeap.B.Ｌead.C.Leaｎ．D.Leak．4．WhichoftｈefｏllowｉngisNＯＴTRUEaccorｄｉngtｏｔhepａssａge?A.Wｅwillbｅｉntroubｌｅifouｒfａtceｌlｓbｅcomelｅsｓｒｅsponsiｖｅtoｉnsuｌin.B.Mｏｒｅａｎdmoｒesｔudiｅｓaredｏnetosｔudyｔheliｎdｂetwｅenｓlｅepanｄweｉｇht.Ｃ.Ｍoｒethan20%ｏfAmericａnｓａrｅnotgeｔtiｎgeｎouｇhslｅep．D.Ｆatcellsaretheｒｅtｏｈelpusmaiｎtainagoodheａlth.5.Whichoｆthｅfolｌowｉｎgisaｎaｐｐropriａtetitleforthｉsｐasｓage?A.PｏorＳleｅpMａyＬｅadtoTooＭuchSｔoredＦａtandDiseａsｅＢ.SlｅeｐＥｘpeｒtsＨadEｘcitingFindingsiｎａFatStudｙＣ.AmｅｒiｃａnsShoulｄＨavｅMoreＴhanSｉxＨoursofＳleepD.ＢadThｉｎgsHapｐｅnifFａｔCｅllsＢｅcomｅＯｕｒFｒiendPasｓaｇｅ2

Qｕestｉons６tｏ1０aｒebasedontｈefolloｗiｎgpaｓsａge:Thetopoftheｗｏrlｄｉｓａwｏnderlａnd.Inwinter,ｔhｅtemｐｅrａtuｒeoftenfaｌlsto-30°Fａndthesｕnｎeveｒｒises.Tｈeoceanisｓurrｏundｅdｂyfrｏｚｅngrｏuｎd．Thｅｒeaｒefeｗｐeoｐleortｒeｅs,bｕtｔoｐolarｂｅars,theArctｉc(北極)isｈｏｍe．(78)Polarbearshavethｉckｆｕr,bｉgpawｓandoｔｈeｒｆｅaturesｔhatmaｋｅtheｍｗｅｌlprｅpａredfｏｒlifeｉｎtｈｅirtoughenｖironment.Infaｃｔ,ｔhｅyneedtheＡｒctiｃseａiｃeｆorsurｖival.Butclｉｍatｅｃｈangeiｓcausingｌargerａreaｓｏfsummerseaicｅｔｏmelt(融化）.Eｘpeｒtsｓaｙthatｉfwarmｉnｇpatｔernscontinｕe,ｔｈｅArcｔiccｏｕldbefreeｏfsuｍmerseaｉｃeby205０.Tｈatmaｙcauseｔwo-ｔｈiｒdｓofｔｈｅwｏrld's２0,０0０ｐolarbｅａrstobegｏnｅｂythｅｎｔoo．Polarbearscan＇tsｕrｖivefoｒlｏngoｎｌanｄ.Seaｌｓaｒethｅｉrmａiｎsourcｅoｆｆood.Theonlyplacｅｗｈereｐolarbeaｒsｃaｎhuntsealｓisontheice.（7９）Ａlthｏｕghtｈｅｓｅbearｓaｒeｓtrongｓwimmｅrｓ，thｅｙａreｎoｍaｔchforｌightｎinｇswｉfｔsｅａlｓinthｅｗater.Ａpolarbｅａrhａsｂrilliａntlycleversｔｒatｅgiesｔoovercｏmethｉｓdisaｄｖantage.Inwinteｒｔhebeaｒwaitsｍｏtｉonｌessｂesｉdｅasｅａl'sbreaｔｈｉｎghｏle，whichiｓanaｒrｏwtunneltｈroughtｈｅiｃｅ.Oftenmanyｈoｕrspaｓsbeｆorethｅｓeaｌcomｅsupfoｒａiｒaｎdtｈeｂearkｉｌlsitｗiｔhapoｗeｒfulblｏwｏfitspaw.Iｎsｕmmｅｒ,ｔｈepｏlarbeaｒsｔｈatｌｉvｅｏnｌandeatveｒylittleandwaitｆｏｒthｅｓeaiceｔoｒetｕrn.Wiｔhｔhesｅaicｅｆoｒｍinglaterintheyｅａrandmeltinｇearlｉer,polａｒbｅaｒsdｏｎothaｖｅｅnoughopporｔuｎiｔyｔoｈuntａｎｄｅat.Lesｓｓeaiｃeｍakesitharderｆorｔhebearｓtocatcｈthｅseals.Thebeaｒｓｍｕsｔｓwｉmｌonｇerdistanｃeｓbeｔweenicepaｃks(大片浮冰）,anｄtｈeycan＇talwaｙsmａkｅｉｔ．Theｉceisalsogettiｎｇthinnｅr.Thesecoｎｄiｔｉｏｎscancaｕsepolａr-bearcubstoｂｅcｏｍeｓeｐａraｔedｆｒoｍｔｈｅirmothers，ｗｖｉｄetｈemwithfood.StevenAmsｔrupｉsthｅｃhｉefsciｅnｔistｏｆPolarBearｓIntｅｒnａtiｏnal.Thｅgroupａimｓｔosavetheｂearsａｎｄtheｉｒhoｍe.＂Tｈeｍorｅpｅoplｅwhoseepolarbeaｒsanduｎdeｒstaｎdtheirdifficuｌtsｉtuａtiｏn,theｂetｔeｒthechａｎcewe'llalterourwａrmiｎｇpaｔｈｉntｉmｅｔosaｖｅthｅm,"heｓａｙs.6.Ｗｈichiｓｔhebesttiｔlefoｒtｈepaｓｓａgｅ?Ａ．ClimaｔeChangeinｔheArcticB.HｏwtｏProteｃttｈeEnvｉrｏnmentC.ＴhｅArcticIsHｏmetoPolarBearsD.PｏlarＢearｓｉnDaｎger7.Wherｅdoｐolarｂearsusｕallyhuｎtseａｌｓ？A.OnlandＢ.Inopenwateｒ.C．Inopeｎiｎgsiｎtheseaｉce．D.Atthebotｔomofthesea.8.Theword"cuｂs"intheｆourｔｈｐａragrａphiｓclosｅｓtiｎｍeanｉngｔｏ＿＿＿_＿A．aｄｕｌｔsＢ.baｂiｅsＣ．hunteｒsD．ｅnemｉeｓ9．Aｃcｏrｄｉngtoｔhepaｓsage,whｉchoｆｔｈｅfolｌoｗiｎgstatemｅnｔｓisTＲUE?Ａ.Ｓtarvingpolarbｅａrｓａｒeiｎcrｅａsingｌycoｍingiｎｔovilｌageｓ,wheretheymaybeｋillｅｄeitherforｆooｄoｒsafｅｔy.Ｂ.Polarｂeaｒscａｎspendtheｉｒenｔｉｒｅliｖesonｌandifｔheseaiｃemeltｓｃｏｍpletｅｌy.C.Ｔwo-thirｄsofｔｈeｗorld＇spolａrbeaｒsmayｄisａｐpｅarbｙ20５0asgloｂalｗarmｉｎgcoｎtiｎues．D.Ｔhｅgrowingｄiｓtancebetｗｅenicepaｃｋsiｓnotaprｏｂlemforｐｏｌarbears,ｂｅcaｕsetheyａreｅｘcellｅnｔｓwｉmmerｓ．１0.Ｗhat'ｓthｅmｉssionｏfPｏlarＢｅａrsIntｅrnａｔｉonａl?A.Sａviｎgｅnerｇy.B.Conductｉnｇscienｔificreｓｅarcｈ.C.Seeｋiｎgｉnterｎａtionａlcoｏpｅrａtion.Ｄ．Ｓavｉngpｏlarbearsanｄtｈeirhoｍe.Passage3?Quｅｓtiｏns1１to15arｅbａsedonthefoｌｌowiｎgpaｓsａge:Iｍagｉneaｓchoolthａtexｐｅcteｄitsstudｅｎtstobecｏmeｌｉtｅｒａte(有讀寫能力旳)ｗｉthoutanyｆormaｌinsｔruction.Mosｔparentsｗｏｕlｄｂeａlarｍｅdｂysｕcｈanａpproach,wｈichwouldleaveｔheiｒchildrencｏnfｕsedaｎdwithgａpsintheｉrundeｒsｔandiｎg．Tｈｉshｏｗｅverhａsbeｅｎtｈephiloｓophｙoｎｃｈａracterdeｖelｏpmenｔinｍａnｙofoｕrschｏols．Whｙisthedｅveｌopmentｏfchａracｔｅrｓｅｅｎasｓomehowdifferentｆromｔheｏtherskilｌsthatwｅteａｃh？Oｆcoｕrsetｈerewｉllalwaysbeｌearningbyｏｓmosis(耳濡目染）inaｎyschoｏｌ，butasateａchｅｒａndpriｍaryschoolheadＩhaｖefoundtｈatａchild'sｍorallｉｔeracyisstrｅnｇtheneｄwhenthｅｙacｑｕｉreｔhebuｉldiｎgblｏcksｏfgoodcｈaraｃterｓucｈasconsｉderａｔiｏn,cｏｕrageandhｏｎor:quａlｉｔiesｗhｉchareｃommoｎlyｋnoｗnasｖirtｕｅ(美德).Ipｅrsonaｌlyfiｎdthatexpｌoringaviｒtueovｅratｗo-weekpeｒioｄprovｉdesasｉmｐleandeffecｔiveprogrａmthａtａｌlowsfｏｒthecreａtiveiｎpｕtofｂoｔhtｅacｈerandｓtudentandacｈancefｏｒｔheviｒtｕｅtoｅｍbed（使融入)ｉtself.Ｏｎcealｅｓｓonoｎavirtueｓuｃｈaｓhｏnｅｓtyhaspleｔedweneedtoallｏwｔimeforchiｌdrentopｒａcticethｉｓｃoｎcｅｐtjuｓtasｗｏuｌdbethｅｃasewｉｔhfracｔionsoｒｖeｒbs．Allｏwｉngｃｈildrentｏroｌepｌayasituaｔionsuchａsｍaｋiｎgupｅxｃusestｏｃoveramistａkｅcaｎbｅeｎormouｓlyintｅreｓtｉng,aｎdｔhedraｍacanbefｒｏzeｎａｌlowingthｅcharactｅrsｔｏbｅｑuｅstionedabouttheirfeelingsandmｏvｉes.(80）Ｉt’ｓａｌsｏａsafewａyforｃhildrｅntoｅxperiｅncefｏｒtheｍselveshowａliｅusuａllｙgoeｓoｕtofcontrol.Ourroleａseｄuｃatｏrｓiｓalsｏtolookfｏrｏpportunitieｓtoｈelｐourstudenｔsａsｔheyａttempttostrenｇtｈenthｅiｒｃharacteｒs.Ｗhｅnsoｍeｔｈiｎggoeswroｎgweguidｅｔheyoungpｅrｓontothｅvirtｕethatwillｐreveｎtｉtfromhappeninｇagain.Ｆoｒinstaｎce,whenaｓｔudentthouｇhtlｅｓｓｌｙｄisｔurbsthecalmatmoｓpｈereofｔhelibｒary，insteadofareｓpｏnsesｕchａs,＂ｔhatｗａsrｅallydｉsreｓpectfulandselｆｉshofｙou!"ｗedrawouｔfｒｏmthemthｅrequｉredｖirtｕe:"Wheｎyou'rewaｌkingthrｏughｔｈｅlibrａry,ｗhaｔvirｔuesdoｙｏuｎeｅｄtｏｕse？＂１1.Whichｏｆthefolloｗiｎgisthemainiｄeaoftｈispassage?A.Teacｈingｍorａlｓanｄｖalueshａsbeeｎafreｑuentlydiｓｃusｓｅdtｏpicintheｐasｔｆewyears.B.Theaｕthoｒanｄhｉsstaｆfembｅdvirｔuesintolessonｓanｄschoollｉfeｔoencouraｇecharacterdeｖelopmenｔｉncｈilｄren.C.Kiｄｓｔhrｏｕgｈoutthepopuｌationfacｅthesamｅnｅeds,theｓamechａllenｇeｓ,ａndthｅsａmereａliｔｉesintｈｅirlｉｖeｓ.Ｄ．ＲoｌｅplaｙｓarｅanexceｌlentwａｙofgettingsｔudｅntsｔopｒacｔiceｔhｅirEｎglish.1２.Wecａnｉnferｆｒｏmthefirｓtpaｒagrａphthaｔ_.A.thereｔeｎdsｔobediｓaｇreｅmentaｂｏutｗhatｃｈａrａctereｄuｃationｉsB.mostｐａrentsarenotsａｔisfｉedwiｔｈtheｔｅachingmethodsａdｏpｔedinｓchoolｓＣ.theapproａcｈtoｃhａraｃｔeｒeduｃationisgenerallyconsｉdereddifｆeｒentｆｒoｍtｈeapproａcｈeｓtootｈｅrskilｌsD.ｍoｒｅaｎdmorｅｓchoolsarｅadoptingstratｅｇiestｏimpｒovesｃｈoｏｌattendanｃe1３.Tｈewｏrd"ｐｈiｌosophy"intｈeｆiｒstｐaｒaｇrａphiｓcｌosｅsｔinｍｅaｎingｔｏ_Ａ.stuｄyB.sｕbｊectC.viewpoinｔD.investiｇａｔiｏｎ１4.Theautｈorisa_＿＿＿＿A.teａchｅrB．lｉbrarｉanC.reｐoｒｔｅrＤ.ｍanaｇe15.WｈichｏfｔhｅfoｌｌowinｇiｓNOTｍentioｎedｉnthｅｐaｓsageasaｗａytoｂuilｄｃharacｔerinｃhilｄren?A.Storyreadinｇsaｎddiｓｃusｓｉons.Ｂ.Osmｏｓis.C.Takinｇeveｒyoppoｒtｕnitytoteａchchaｒacter.Ｄ.Ｒoleplaｙ.PaｒtⅡVocａbuｌaｒｙanｄStrucｔｕre（３0%)?Directｉoｎs：Intｈisｐarttｈeｒeare３0ｉncｏmｐleteｓｅntｅnces．FｏrｅachsentenｃetｈereareｆourchoiceｍａrｋedA,B，ＣaｎdD．ＣhｏoｓetheＯNEaｎsｗｅrthaｔbｅｓtcｏmplｅｔestｈeseｎtence.ThenbｌaｃｋenthecorｒesｐondinglｅtterｏnｔheＡnsｗerSｈｅet。

ＰartⅢ

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