第二課時虛擬語氣虛擬語氣

theSubjunctiveMood(I)GRAMMER語法(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示說話人所說的話不是事實,而是一種假設,愿望,懷疑,建議或推測。虛擬語氣主要用于if條件狀語從句,也可用于名詞性從句等。Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery(彩票)?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensive

car.IfIhadalotofmoney,Imightbuyavilla(別墅).IfIwereamillionaire,Iwouldtravelaroundthe

world.IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensive

car.IfIhadalotofmoney,Imightbuyavilla(別墅).IfIwereamillionaire,Iwouldtravelaroundthe

world.條件從句

If從句主句的謂語形式現在過去時/(were)would/could/should/might+v.(原)虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenFillintheblanks.Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,theaccidentwouldn’thavehappenedyesterday.Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,theaccidentwouldn’thavehappenedyesterday.Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.條件從句If從句

主句的謂語形式過去過去完成時haddonewould/could/should/might+havedonea.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadbeenwouldhavepassedFillintheblanks.hadmetwouldhavegoneIfitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldtakephotos.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,wewouldtakephotos.Ifitsnowedtomorrow,wewouldtakephotos.條件從句If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式未來should+v.2.weretodo3.過去時would/could/should/might+v.(原)假如他來了,我們對他說什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim?假如他看見我,就會認識我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.注意：省略if倒裝：WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.

Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.

若虛擬條件句中有were,had,should時，可省略if而將were,had,should移到句首。一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法時態If從句的形式主句的形式現在過去未來did/werewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+havedone1.shoulddo2.weretodo

3.過去時would/could/should/might+V.(原)haddone

含蓄的虛擬語氣有時假設的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是通過一個介詞來表示或通過上下文或其他方式表示如“butfor”，“without”“supposing”“otherwise”等表示含蓄的虛擬：

Withoutthenewpaintsandnewtechnique,wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpieces.WithouttheImpressionists,manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist.1.Iamnotfreetoday.IfI___freetoday,I__andvisitsomeofmyfriends.A.amwillgoB.were,wouldgoC.shallbeD.be,mustgo2.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_____mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe小試身手：3.Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome5.________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will6.Withoutliberation(解放)we_____anewlife.wouldnotbeginwouldnothavebeenbegunC.hadnotbegunD.wouldnothavebegun7.Butforthehelpofmyteacher,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewonWish

在動詞wish后的賓語從句中,表示與現在或過去的事實相反,或對將來的主觀愿望,常用虛擬語氣.1)表示對現在情況的虛擬:從句動詞用過去式(be動詞一般用were)。IwishIwereastallasyou.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.IwishIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞常用“had＋過去分詞”。(3)表示對將來的主觀愿望:從句動詞形式為“would/could/might＋動詞原形”。Iwishhecouldgowithustomorrow.Wewishourparents________________(notpunish)us.wouldn’tpunish1.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.

A.hasB.had

C.willhaveD.hadhad2.HowIwishI_______torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.A.hadtriedB.hadn’ttriedC.havetriedD.didn’ttryasif/asthough由asif(asthough)引導的狀語從句表示方式時,從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或“had＋過去分詞”。他那樣對待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.ShetalksaboutRomeasifshehadbeenthereherself.2.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。常見動詞：一個堅持：insist兩個命令：order,command三個建議：advise,suggest,propose四個要求：demand,require,request,desire

這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，should可以省略.1.我們建議Tom去休息一下。2.他堅決要求我們立即出發。3.國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。1.WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.2.Heinsistedthatwe(should)setoutatonce.3.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.

以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。即：(should)＋V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplan(should)becarriedout.

Mydemandisthatshe(should)cometoseemeonceaweek.Allofus