中考專項閱讀理解命題規律選擇型閱讀理解通常是4篇常規性文章，其中包括1篇廣告圖表類文章，以增強試題的多樣性和趣味性；文章主要是記敘文和說明文，涉及少量議論文；考察方式主要有：細節理解題、主旨大意題、推理判斷題和詞義猜測題。知識清單細節理解題解題原則：忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關系，決不能主觀臆斷。提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why,howoften,howlong等。解題方法：圈定選----圈關鍵詞，回原文定位，選答案主旨大意題題目特點：考察歸納概括的能力通常涉及的問題：文章標題（title)、主題（mainidea)、結論（conclusion)和end(結局等）干擾性選項特點：1.干擾項可能屬文中某個具體事實或細節。2.干擾項可能屬從文中某些(不完全的)事實或細節片面推出的錯誤結論。3.干擾項可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。正確答案特點：是根據文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統、言過其實或以偏概全。主旨大意題常見提問方式1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.3.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_____.三、推理判斷題4.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?6.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?題目特點：考察學生對文章言外之意的理解做題方法：1.留心特定細節。透過現象看本質，領悟作者思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態度等。注意作者的態度和語氣。以原文內容為前提，據作者的觀點理論（非考生觀點），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。3.推理判斷題常見提問方式1.Fromthepassageweknow...2.Thewritersuggeststhat...3.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat...4.What’sthewriter’spurposeofwritingthepassage?5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat...？四、詞義猜測題解題方法：同義法常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項內容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此可以推測。反義法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。總之，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。釋義法對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明。情景推斷法、代詞替代法等真題實戰：（2021北京中考）Natureandcultureareoftenseenasoppositeideas.Whatbelongstonaturecannotbetheresultofhumanactivitiesandontheotherhand,culturaldevelopmentisachievedagainstnature.However,thisisnottheonlyopinionontherelationshipbetweennatureandculture.Studiesinthedevelopmentofhumanssuggestthatculture,whethertakenasaneffortagainstnatureoranaturaleffort,ispartofthedevelopmentofthehumanspecies(物種).Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle(斗爭)againsthumannature.Wearebornwithwildnatures,suchaseatingandbehavinginadisorganizedwayoractingselfishly.Educationusescultureasawaytogetusoutofourwidestnatures;itisthankstoculturethatthehumanspeciescouldlearntoadapt(適應),progressandraiseitselfaboveandbeyondotherspecies.Overthepastcenturyandahalf,however,studiesinthehistoryofhumandevelopmenthaveshownthattheformationofcultureispartofthebiologicaladaptation.Consider,forexample,hunting(打獵).Itseemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangelivinghabits.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofweapons(武器)isrelatedtothatadaptation-fromrocksandstonestoasetofhuntingtools,andfromhuntingtoolstorulesrelatingtotheproperuseofweapons.Huntingalsoseemstoberesponsibleforawholesetofbodilyabilities,suchasbalancingononefoot.Justthinkofhowthisverysimplethingiscloselyrelatedtodance,akeyexpressionofhumanculture.Itisthenclearthatbiologicaldevelopmentandculturaldevelopmentarecloselytied.Thetransmissionofcultureseemstobedirectlyrelatedtowhat’sinourblood.Justassnailscarrytheirshells,sodowebringalongourculture.However,cultureisalsopassedonamongpeopleofthesametimeoramongpeoplebelongingtodifferentpopulations.WecanlearnhowtomakejiaozievenifwewerebornfromRussianparentsinParisjustaswecanlearnhowtospeakEnglishevenifnoneofourfamilyorfriendsspeakthatlanguage.30.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Culturebelongstohumannature.B.Natureteacheshumanshowtoadapt.C.Humansaresupposedtobewellorganized.D.Educationpushesthehumanspeciestoprogress.31.WhydoesthewritertalkabouthuntinginParagraph3?A.Tosuggestsomepossiblewaysofchanginglivinghabits.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftoolsinhumans’struggleforlife.C.Toshowhowculturedevelopsashumansadapttotheenvironment.D.Toexplainwhythereisaneedtocallfortheproperuseofweapons.32.Theword“transmission”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”.A.system B.spread C.start D.spirit33.Whatisthewriter’sopiniononthenature-culturerelationship?A.Cultureandnatureareseparateyetbalanced.B.Culturedependsmuchonnaturetoprogress.C.Natureandculturearedifferentbutconnected.D.Naturefollowstheunwrittenrulessetbyculture.【答案】D（段落大意題31.C（推理判斷題）32.B（詞義猜測題。）33.C（觀點態度題。）（2021天津中考）Therearemanydeserts(沙漠)ontheearth.Andthefollowingaresomefactsyoumayfindinteresting.Whataredesertslike?Desertscanbehotanddryplaces.Rainmaynotfallthereformonthsoryears.Somedesertsaresandyandstony(多石的).Desertscanalsobeverywindyplaces.Thewindcanchangetheshapeofthedeserts.Itmovessandaroundfromplacetoplace.Temperaturesinthedesertcanvaryenormously(非常).Duringthedaytime,thetemperaturemayreach40℃evenintheshade(陰涼處).Atnight,desertscanbecomeverycold.Inwintertheremayevenbeafrost(霜凍)intheearlymorning.LivinginthedesertThecamelissometimescalled“theshipofthedesert”.Itstoresfoodinitshump(駝峰)andcangofordayswithoutwater.Ithaslargefeetwhichhelpitnottofallintothesoftsand.Itslongeyelashes(睫毛)keepoutthesandduringsandstorms.Anoasisisanareaofthedesertwherewatermaybefound.Thewatermaybeinpoolsorundertheground.Peopleandanimalsvisitanoasisforwaterandfood.Plantsgrowatanoasis.Somefarmersareabletogrowcropshere.TheArabianDesertTheArabianDesertliesbetweentheRedSeaandtheArabianGulf.Insomepartsofthedesert,itistoohotforpeopletolive.OilwasdiscoveredunderpartsofthedesertandintheArabianGulf.Thisoilhasmadesomecountriesintheareaveryrich.Muchofthemoneyhasbeenspentbuildingfinecitieswithlovelyparksandlakes,andpeopleliveacomfortablelifethere.36.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribedeserts?A.Hotanddry. B.Sandyandrainy. C.Wetandstony. D.Windyandsnowy.37.Theword“vary”inthepassagemeans“________”.A.below B.behigh C.besimilar D.bedifferent38.Thecamelhaslongeyelashesto________.A.staycoolindeserts B.gofordayswithoutwaterC.helpitnottofallintothesoftsand D.keepoutthesandduringsandstorms39.Accordingtothepassage,peopleandanimalsvisitanoasisfor________.A.frostandcrops B.sandandstones C.waterandfood D.moneyandoil40.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Whatistheweatherlikeindeserts? B.Whatdoyouknowaboutdeserts?C.Howdopeopleliveindeserts? D.WhereistheArabianDesert?【答案】36.A細節理解題。37.D詞義猜測題。38.D細節理解題。39.C細節理解題。40.B標題歸納題。（2021浙江杭州中考）Whendochildrenstarttotalk?Ifyouaskagroupofparentswhenthishappened,mostwillsay“aroundtwelvemonthsofage”.Theywillprobablyevenrememberwhatthechildrensaid.Manyparentskeepadiaryoftheirchild’s“firstwords”Wecanneverpredictwhatafirstwordisgoingtobe.Oftenit’sthenamefor“mummy”or“daddy”,butitcouldjustaseasilybethewordforananimalorafavoritetoy.Everythingdependsonwhathasmostcaughtthechild’sattention.Butonethingiscertain:afterthefirstword,otherscomequickly.By18months,mostchildrenhavelearnedabout50words.Bytwo,thetotalhasrisentoaround200.Earlywordsareactuallyone-wordsentences.Oneofthefirstfeatures（特征）oflanguageachildlearnswellistocontroltheriseandfallofthevoicetomakethedifferencebetweenstatingandquestioning.InEnglish,daddywithahighrisingtone（聲調）means“isthatdaddy?”Daddywithahighfallingtonemeans“There’sdaddy”.Ofcourse,onlyverybasicmeaningscanbecommunicatedusingtonesalone.Soitsoonbecomesnecessarytolearnsomegrammar.InEnglish,grammarmeanslearningtoputwordsindifferentorders.Childrenhavetoseethatmummypushisdifferentfrompushmummy.Theystartpractisingsuchchangesataround18months.Bytwo,theyhavelearnedthebasicpatternsofwordorder,andwehearthemsayingsuchthingsasmankickballandwheredaddygo.Whataretheparentsdoingallhistime?They’reactingasteachersandtheyalwayshaveanactiveroletoplayintheirchild’slanguagelearning.12.Howoldaremostchildrenwhentheyhavelearnedabout50words?A.About6monthsold. B.Aboutoneyearold.C.About18monthsold. D.Abouttwoyears]old.13.WhichmightanEnglishchildsayfirstwhenlearningtotalk?A.Mummy. B.Pushmummy. C.Mankickball. D.Wheredaddygo.14.What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Wordorder. B.Wordtones. C.Thefirstwords. D.Correctingwords.15.Whoismostresponsibleforachild’searlylanguagelearning?A.Teachers. B.Parents. C.Friends. D.Grandparents.【答案】12.C細節理解題。13.A細節理解題。14.A主旨大意題。15.B細節理解題（2021四川眉山中考）Anelephantwasstandingandpickingleavesfromatree.Asmallflycame,flyingandbuzzingnearhisear.Theelephantwaveditawaywithhislongears.Thentheflycameagainandtheelephantwaveditawayoncemore.Thishappenedseveraltimes.Thentheelephantaskedthefly,“Whyareyousorestlessandnoisy?Whycan’tyoujuststayinoneplace?”Theflyanswered,“IaminterestedinwhateverIsee,hearorsmell.Myfivesenses,andeverythingthathappensaroundme,pullmehereandthereandIcannotresist(抵抗)them.Whatisyoursecret?Howcanyoustaysocalmandstill?”Theelephantstoppedeatingandsaid,“Myfivesensesdonotruleme.Iamincontrolofmyself—mysensesdonottellmewhattodo.ThishelpsmestayfocusedonwhateverIdo,andso,keepmymindcalmandstill.NowthatIameating,Iamcompletelyenjoyingeating.Inthisway,Icanjustfocusonenjoyingmyfood.”Afterhearingthesewords,thefly’seyesopenedwideandasmileappearedonhisface.Helookedattheelephantandsaid,“Iunderstand!IwillalwaysberestlessifIletmysensescontrolme.Ontheotherhand,ifItrytouseso