第四部分閱讀理解

I.題型介紹

閱讀理解能力包括：

?掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意；

?了解闡述主旨的事實和細節；

?利用上下文猜測某些詞匯和短語的意義；

?既理解個別句子的意義，也理解上下文之間的邏輯關系；

?根據所讀材料進行判斷、推論或做出結論；

?領會作者的觀點、意圖和態度。

II.考查目標

?應試者應能綜合運用英語語言知識和閱讀技能來理解本專業的或一般內容

的英語書面材料。

III.制約閱讀理解能力提高的幾個因素

IV.常見的快速閱讀方法

在閱讀時，應看準題干，根據不同的目的，采用不同的方法。一般說來，有

快讀、查讀和細讀三種。

(1)快讀(Skimming).

(2)查讀法(Scanning)。

(3)細讀(Readingforfullunderstanding)。

V.閱讀理解文章命題點

VI.怎樣做閱讀理解

1.把握命題規律，抓住文章重點：

a.文章的標題：是文章的主題

舉例：1)Whatisthispassage(NationalParkService)about?

A.ItisaboutAmericanNationalParks.

B.ItisabouttheNationalParkService.

C.ItisabouttheNationalParkServicepartnerships.

D.ItisaboutthecareandpreservationoftheNationalParksinAmerica.

2)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast

500years?(NewFoodsandNewWorld)

AFood

BClothing

CIdeology

DLanguage

3)Whenareturkeyandpumpkinpieeaten?(FeastonTurkeyandGoodWishesat

Thanksgiving)

A.OnHalloween.B.OnThursdayC.OnThanksgivingD.OnChristmas

Day.

b.文章的開頭句：是文章的中心句或中心思想；

舉例：

1)Accordingtothepassage,someengineersaretryingtoimprovethehandlebars

because

A.theyarenotnobleenoughB.theymaykillchildrenC.theyarelikelyto

crash

D.theymakethebikemoveatalowspeed.

原文：Lowspeedbicyclecrashescanbadlyinjure---orevenkill---childrenifthey

fallontotheendsofthehandlebars.Soateamofengineersisredesigningthehumble

handlebarinabidtomakeitsafer.

c.文章的結尾句：是文章的結論、結果、要求、產生的影響、后果或全篇的概

括。

舉例：

1)Precautionsshouldbetakento

A.preventpeoplefromsleepwalkingB.keepsleepwalkerssafe

C.avoidrunningintosleepwalkersD.ensurethesafetyofpeopleasleep

原文：Althoughoccasionalsleepwalkingisn'tabigdeal,itisimportant,ofcourse,

thatthepersoniskeptsafe.Precautionsshouldbetakensothepersonislesslikelyto

falldown,runintosomethingorwalkoutthefrontdoorwhilesleepwalking.

d.過渡信號詞：文章的句與句、段與段之間有一個銜接過渡，有時用信號詞完

成過渡。有信號詞的地方，通常是出題者提問的地方。

a)并歹！J:and,or,nor,either...or,notonly...butalso,not...but

舉例：Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutuniformedrangers?

A.Theytaketouriststonationalparks.

B.Theyalwaysactastouristguides.

C.Theyhelpsetupnewnationalparks.

D.TheyprotecttheNationalParkSystem.

原文：UniformedRangers,themostvisiblerepresentativesoftheService,notonly

offerparkvisitorsafriendlywave,ahelpfulanswer,orathought-provokinghistory

lesson,butalsoareskilledrescuers,firefightersanddedicatedresourceprotection

professionals.

b)轉折:but,nevertheless,however,yet,otherwise,unfortunately

舉例：Thecable-carinSingapore

A.takesvisitorsuptoamountainrestaurant

B.takesskierstothetopofaski-run

C.takesvisitorstoSentosa

D.takesvisitorstoahighmountain.

原文：Arideinacable-carisoneofthemostexcitingandenjoyableexperiencesa

childcanhave.InSwitzerland,whichisthehomeofthecable-car,itisusedmostlyto

taketouristsuptheslopofamountain,toarestaurantfromwhichonecanhavea

bird's-eyeviewofthesurroundingcountry,ortothetopofaski-run,fromwhich,in

winter,skiersglidedownthesnow-coveredslopeonskis.InSingapore,however,the

cable-cartakesonefromthesummitofahillonthemainislandtoalowhillon

Sentosa,aresortislandjustoffthesoutherncoast.

c）原因:for,since,as,because,owingtodueto

舉例：InParagraph2,citieslikeLondon,Copenhagen,andAmsterdamare

mentioned

i.toshowthattheyarenotgoodcitiesintermsofgeographyand

climate

ii.totellushowwealthytheirresidentsare

iii.tosuggestthatthesecitieslackplacesofhistoricinterestandscenic

beauty

iv.toprovethattheyhavegotmoretourismthantheycanhandle.

原文：NorthernEuropeansarewillingtopayalotofmoneyandputupwithalot

ofinconveniencesforthesunbecausetheyhavesolittleofit.Residentsofcities

likeLondon,Copenhagen,andAmsterdamspendalotoftheirwinterinthedark

becausethedaysaresoshotandmuchoftherestoftheyearintherain.Thisis

thereasontheMediterraneanhasalwaysattractedthem.Everysummer,more

than25millionpeopletraveltoMediterraneanresortsandbeachesfortheir

vacation..Theyallcomefbrthesamereason:sun!

d）結果:hence,thus,therefore,so,so...that,such...that,asaresult,so,

consequently

舉例：ThereportissuedbytheDepartmentofPlanningofNewYork

A.putforwardwaystocontrolNewYork'spopulation

BconcerneditselfwiththegrowthofNewYork'spopulation

C.studiedthestructureofNewYork'spopulation

D.suggestedwaystoincreaseNewYork'spopulation.

原文：RecentlytheDepartmentofPlanningofNewYorkissuedareportwhich

laidbareafullscaleofchangeofthecity.In1970,18percentofthecity's

populationwasforeign-bom.By1995,thefigurehadrisento33percent,and

another20percentweretheUS-bornoffspringsofimmigrants.Soimmigrants

andtheirchildrennowformamajorityofthecity'spopulation.

e)讓步:although,though,despite,inspitethat,eventhough

舉例：Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthewriter'sattitudetowardearlyday

care?

A.Childrenunderthreeshouldstaywiththeirparents.

B.Earlydaycarehaspositiveeffectsonchildren'sdevelopment.

C.Theissueiscontroversialanditssettlementcallsfortheuseofstatistics.

D.Theeffectsofearlydaycareonchildrenareexaggeratedandparents

shouldignoretheissue.

原文：Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshow

unhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthe

transitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparents

makeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,though

experienceavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.

f)比較：similarly,like,equallyimportant,inthesameway

舉例：Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.TotalkaboutthesimilaritiesbetweenlongbustripsandTVshows.

B.Topersuadeyoutotakealongbustrip.

C.TodisplaythedifferencesbetweenlongbustripsandTVshows.

D.Todescribethebillboardsalongtheroad.

原文：Longbusridesareliketelevisionshows.Theyhaveabeginning,amiddle,

andanend-withcommercialsthrownineverythreeorfourminutes.The

commercialsareunavoidable.Theyhappenwhetheryouwantthemornot.Every

coupleofminutesabillboardglidesbyoutsidethebuswindow."BuySuper

CleanToothpaste/9uDrinkGood'nWetRootBeer.”"FillupinPacificGas.”

Onlyifyousleep,whichisequaltoturningtheTVsetoff,areyousparedthe

unendingcryof“YouNeedIt!BuyItNow!”

g)對比:onthecontrary,incontrast(to),ontheotherhand,unlike,whereas,

ratherthan,conversely,instead,bycontrastonthecontrary

舉彳列：1)Americanschoolsplacegreatemphasisonthelearner\

A.enrichmentofknowledge

B.accumulationoffacts

C.acquisitionoftheabilitytobecreative

D.acquisitionoftheabilitytoworkwithhishands.

原文：Theapproachtoteachingmayseemunfamiliartomany,notonlybecauseit

isinformal,butalsobecausethereisnotmuchemphasisonlearningfacts.Instead,

Americanstrytoteachtheirchildrentothinkforthemselvesandtodeveloptheir

ownintellectualandcreativeabilities.Studentsspendmuchtime,learninghowto

useresourcematerials,libraries,statisticsandcomputers.Americansbelievethat

ifchildrenaretaughttoreasonwellandtoresearchwell.,theywillbeabletofind

whateverfactstheyneedthroughouttherestoftheirlives.Knowinghowtosolve

problemsisconsideredmoreimportantthantheaccumulationoffacts..

h.)層次順序:first,second,third,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,then,also

舉例：Manythingsaboutlanguageareamystery,andmanywillalwaysremain

so.Butsomethingswedoknow.

First,weknowthatallhumanbeingshavealanguageofsomesort.

Second,thereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.

Athirdthingweknowaboutlanguageisthatalllanguagesareperfectly

adequate.

Finally,weknowthatlanguagechanges.

i).舉例:forexample,forinstance,acaseinpointis,suchas

舉例：ThequestionraisedinParagraph1is“nomereacademicone”

A.becauseBoger'sfindingsaredifferentfromBrown's

B.becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness

C.becausesomepeoplecanchangetheirsleepinghabitseasily

D.becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.

原文：Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhich

peoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionof

growingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsinsistentlyfor

round-the-clockworkingofmachines.

j).總結:finally,insummary,tosumup,inconclusion,atlast

e.長句的結構信號詞：

①.狀語從句：

表時間：由after,before,as,when,whenever,while,once,since,till,until,assoonas,

not...until...,themoment,everytime,hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than等

引導

表條件：由if,provided(that),providing(that),aslongas/solongas,once,unless,on

condition(that),incase等弓I導。

表讓步：由though,although,evenif/though,nomatterwhat(how,who,etc.)…等弓I

導。

表地點：由where,wherever等引導。

表比較：由than,morethan,as...as,notas(so)as,thesameas,asmuchas等弓I導。

表方式：由as,asif,asthough等引導

表目的：由inorderthat,sothat,lest/forfearthat(以免，以防)弓I導。

表結果：由so...that,so,such...that等引導。

表原因：由because,since,as,considering(that),now(that)等來引導。

舉例：

1)Womenaregoodatlookingafterchildrenbecausetheydoit.It'snotbecauseof

anyinnatefemaleaptitudeoramother'sinstinct--whichIthinkismostlylearned

anyway.It'sbecausetheyputinthetimeandattentionrequiredtobecomegoodatthe

job.

問題：Womengenerallyarebetterthanmenattakingcareofchildrenbecause

A.theywerebornwiththeabilityB.theyjustenjoydoingit

C.theyspendmoretimewiththemD.theyhavelearnedtodoitatschool.

②賓語從句：

舉例：

1)ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody's

levelsofthissleephormone.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsin

caffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecafdrinkers.

問題：Whichofthefollowingtellsushowcaffeineaffectssleep?

A.Caffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatstopsmelatonin

production.

B.Caffeineinterruptstheflowofthehormonethatpreventspeoplefrom

sleeping.

C.Caffeinehalvesthebody'slevelsofsleephormone.

D.Caffeinestaysinthebodyformanyhours.

③同位語從句：

舉例：

1)SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby'sworkthatchildren

shouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthree.

問題：WhichofthefollowingisderivablefromBowlby'swork?

A.Mothersshouldnotsendtheirchildrentodaycarecentersbeforetheage

ofthree.

B.Daycarenurserieshavepositiveeffectsonachild'sdevelopment.

C.Achildsenttoadaycarecenterbeforetheageofthreemayhave

emotionalproblemsinlaterlife.

D.Daycarewouldnotbesopopularifithasnoticeablenegativeeffectsona

child'spersonality.

④定語從句：

舉例：

1)Thecable-carisreallyacarriagewhichhangsfromastrongsteelcable

suspendedintheair.

問題：Whichofthefollowingsaboutthecable-carsistrue?

A.Thecarsmovealongthesteelcable.

B.Thecarsareoperatedbyadriver.

C.Thecarsarecontrolledbythepassengers.

D.Thecarsmoveonwheels.

⑤主語從句：

舉例：

1)Whatissurprisingisthatnoonecompanydominatestheindustry.Itseemsthat

whenpeopleplanforadayasspecialtothemasawedding,theyresist

standardization.

問題：Notasinglecompanycandominatetheindustrybecause

A.peopleresiststandardization.

B.parentswanttoreducetheweddingcost.

C.manycouplescan'taffordmorethanthepriceofahamburger.

D.familymembersaresurprisedatthecomplicatedarrangements.

2.閱讀中的幾點注意

①注意句子中和題目中的否定詞及具有否定意義的詞

舉例：

1)Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguage.

2)Thereisnownolongerunlimitedsupplyoffreshwater.

3)InEngland,thereisnofamilythathasnoTVs,refrigeratorsortelephones.

4)Anefficientandproductiveworkershouldberewardedwithanythingbutsharesof

aplant.

原文：Anafurtherincentive,theymustbegivenashareinthecompany'sprofits.

Thiscanbedonethroughemployeestockownershipplans,bonuses,orrewardsfor

efficiencyandproductivity.

5)Fromthenon,humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolled

productionofafewplant,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommany

varietiesthatgrewwildandtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyears

ofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway.

6)Thematter,then,isfarftx)mclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailableevidence

indicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.

7)Americanstrytoteachtheirchildrentothinkforthemselvesandtodeveloptheir

ownintellectualandcreativeabilitiesinsteadoflearningfacts.

8)MostpeopleinAmericapreferbasketballtofootballbecausetheformercanbe

playedindoorseveninwinter.

9)NotuntiltheYear2000didweseeeachother.

10)HespokeEnglishtoofastformetocatchhim.

11)Theherowouldratherdiethansurrender.

12)Hedrovesofastthathiscarwasbeyondcontrol.

13)Theheavyrainpreventedusfromgoingoutforapicnic.

14)Theoldladywasfreedfrompainbythedoctor.

15)Hewonderedwhathadhappenedtohisfriend.

16)Itseemsthattheyarelesslikelytoberefused.

②注意文章中及題目中出現的倒裝句.

舉例：

1)Itemergesthat83%ofright-handedmothersholdthebabyontheleftside,butso

do78%ofleft-handedmothers.

2)Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals.

3)Asdiscoveredbyexpeditionscientists,Antarcticahasnotalwaysbeensocoldasit

istoday,sohastheArctic.

原文：ExpeditionscientistshavediscoveredthatAntarcticahasnotalwaysbeena

frozencontinent.AtonetimetheweatherinAntarcticamayhavebeenmuchlikeour

own.

4)Thefarmershavenotbeenbenefitedverymuch.Norhavethemiddlemen.

5)Cancerdeathratesinbothsexesforallsitescombinedhavedeclinedsubstantially

amongAfricanAmericanssince1992,ashaveincidencerates.

③注意文章中及題目中出現的特殊比較形式

舉例：

1)Thereturnjourneyisnolessexcitingthantheoutwardtrip.

2)Thismeansthatpublicschoolsoffermorethanacademicsubjects.

3)Fromthenon,humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolled

productionofafewplant,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommany

varietiesthatgrewwildandtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyears

ofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway.

4)Therersnobodyhereotherthanme.

5)Shedesireshappinessmorethanwealth.

6)Iammoreangrythanfrightened.

3.抓住問題核心，快速找到答案

題目：注意題目中的提示詞、關鍵詞和特征詞。關犍詞包括：名詞、專有名詞、

形容詞/副詞；特征詞包括數字、比較級/最高級、因果關系等

選項：①對有規律的選項：將選項進行分類，找出不同，對照原文確定答案；②

對無規律的選項：抓住關鍵詞和特征詞，對照原文，確定答案。

舉例：

1)Accordingtothepassage,fromwhichofthefollowingcanthebuyerobtainreliable

informationofthepreviou