高中英語高考沖刺語法專題4：謂語動詞時態【問題查找】單句語法填空Whileonlineshopping___________(change)ourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.Thetwins,Who(finish)theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.Therealreasonwhyprices(be),andstillare,toohighisplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.Whilewe_________________(wait)forthebus,agirlranuptous.Marty(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe'llhavefinisheditbyFriday.I’mafraidIwon’tbeavailable.I____________________(see)afriendoffat5o’clockthisafternoon.

Theguests_________________(leave)bytraintonight.Shesaidshe________________(e)totakeherlaptopthenextday.TheGPNP___________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產)forfuturegenerations”.

10.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit______________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplaceinthepast.11.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers___________(carry)specialsignificance.12.CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,＂becauseit_____________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon______________(construct)＂13.TheunmannedChang’e4probe(探測器)thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess______________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPoleAitkenbasin.14.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut__________(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements.15.Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six__________(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.16.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene__________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36yearoldbusiness.17.IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI__________(make)overtheyears.18.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand__________(remend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.19.Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay,we__________(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.20.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit__________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.【要點精講】學習目標：1.掌握高考需要掌握的10種謂語動詞時態的基本結構和用法2.掌握高考常考的幾種易混時態的辨析3.掌握常見的固定句式的固定時態用法步驟一：閱讀下列各句，結合謂語動詞的形式說出各個句子中謂語動詞的時態及相應用法。1.Igetupat7:00everymorning.2.Thesunrisesintheeast.3.Practicemakesperfect.4.Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.5.They’rehavingameetingnow.6.I’mstudyingataneveningschool.7.She’salwayshelpingothers.8.ShewaswatchingTVathomeatthattime.9.Iwillbehavingameetingat3o’clockthisafternoon.10.Iknewyouwouldagree.11.Ihaveseenthefilmalready.12.Shehasbeenadancerfortenyears.13.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.14.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMaryhadbeenawayforalmostanhour.15.TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.16.Hewilleifyouinvitehim.17.Theplanetakesoffat11:30.18.MikeisinghomeonThursday.19.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?20.Lookattheclouds;it’sgoingtorain.21.TheyaretobemarriedinJune.22.HeisabouttosetoffforBeijing.歸納總結：時態是英語謂語動詞的一種形式,表示動作發生的時間和所處的狀態。英語中的時態是通過動詞形式本身的變化來實現的。高考考試說明中規定要掌握的有10種時態。步驟二：一般現在時考點分析(1)表示客觀事實或普遍真理(不受時態限制)。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.(2)表示現狀、性質、狀態時多用系動詞或狀態動詞；表示經常或習慣性的動作，多用動作動詞，且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。Theyalwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.(3)表示知覺、態度、感情、某種抽象的關系或概念的詞常用一般現在時：see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,agree,believe,like,hate,want,think,belongto,seem等。AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.(4)在時間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現在時代替將來時。但要注意由if引導的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時態。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandetoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.(5)少數用于表示起止或轉移的動詞如e,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,open,close,end,stop等常用一般現在時代替將來時，表示一個按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作。當be表示根據時間或事先安排肯定會出現的狀態時，只用一般現在時。Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.步驟三：一般過去時考點分析(1)一般過去時的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動作或狀態，常與表示過去具體的時間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示)；用于表達過去的習慣。Wemetherinthestreetyesterday.Whenhewasyoung,hetookcoldbathsregularly.(2)如果從句中有一個過去的時間狀語，盡管從句中的動作先于主句發生，但從句中的謂語動詞仍用過去時。Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.(3)表示兩個緊接著發生的動作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute等。Heboughtawatchbutlostit.Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.步驟四：一般將來時考點分析(1)表示未來的動作或狀態，常用will/shall+動詞原形，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如：tomorrow;nextweek等。Wewillhaveameetingtomorrow.(2)表示一種趨向或習慣動作。We’lldiewithoutairorwater.*(3)begoingtodo,will/shalldo,betodo,beabouttodo的用法及區別：①begoingtodo表示現在打算在最近或將來要做某事，這種打算往往經過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準備；shall/willdo表示未事先考慮過，即說話時臨時作出的決定。另外，begoingto表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。Ifitisfine,we’llgofishing.[√]Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.[×]②betodo表按計劃、安排即將發生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。Ameetingistobeheldat3:00o’clockthisafternoon.③beabouttodo表示“即將,正要”,后面不能接時間狀語或狀語從句。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.步驟五：過去將來時考點分析(1)過去將來時表示從過去的觀點來預計以后要發生的動作或存在的狀態，這種時態常用于賓語從句中，主句常是一般過去時。Healwayssaidthathewouldstudyhardatthattime.(2)過去將來時可由“would＋動詞原形;was/weregoingto+動詞原形;as/wereto+動詞原形;was/wereaboutto+動詞原形”四種結構構成，用法基本與一般將來時一致。Shesaidthatshewouldn’tdothatagain.Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.Shesaidshewastogetmarriednextmonth.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthephonerang.步驟六：現在進行時考點分析(1)表示說話時正在發生著的一個動作；(2)表示現階段但不一定是發生在講話時正在進行的動作；(3)表近期特定的安排或計劃；(4)go,e等表示移動的動詞可用進行時代替將來時；(5)與always,often等頻度副詞連用，表經常反復的行動或某種感情色彩。SheisteachingEnglishandlearningChinese.Heisworkingonapaper.IammeetingMr.Wangtonight.WeareleavingonFriday.Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.(6)下面四類動詞不宜用現在進行時。①表示心理狀態、情感的動詞：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等②表存在狀態的動詞：appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto等③表示行為結果的動詞：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,plete等④表示感官的動詞：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等步驟七：過去進行時考點分析(1)過去進行時的構成為was/were＋doing,表示過去某個時間點或某段時間內正在發生的動作。Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.(2)表示運動和位置移動的動詞可以用過去進行時表示過去將來時。這類動詞主要有leave,start,arrive,go,e等。Iwasingtovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.步驟八：將來進行時考點分析(1)表示將來某個時刻或某一時段正在發生或進行的動作。其構成為：will/shallbedoing將來進行時常與一些標志性的時間狀語連用，如：atthistimetomorrow,from1:30to4:30thedayaftertomorrow等。I’llbetalkingwiththeprofessoratthistimetomorrow.步驟十：現在完成時考點分析(1)由“have/has＋過去分詞”構成，表示動作或過程發生在說話之前某個沒有明確說出的過去時間，但現在已經完成，且結果仍對現在有影響。Thecarhasarrived.Wecangonow.(2)表示一個動作從過去開始，一直延續到現在，可能還要繼續下去。IhavelearnedEnglishfor10years.(3)現在完成時除可以和for,since引導的狀語連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語連用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks),inrecentyears,sofar,uptonow等。(4)下列句型中常用現在完成時。Itis(hasbeen)+一段時間+since從句This(That/It)isthefirst(second...)timethat+現在完成時This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting...+that+現在完成時(5)在時間或條件狀語從句中，現在完成時可以代替將來完成時。IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.步驟十一：過去完成時考點分析(1)常用過去完成時的幾種情況：①在by,bytheend,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句的句子中。Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.②表示未曾實現的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動詞的過去式接不定式的完成式。Ihadhopedtoetohelpyou.Somethinghappenedtome.That’swhyIdidn’te.③“時間名詞＋before”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時；“時間名詞＋ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去時。Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.④在hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...句式中，主句常用過去完成時，表示“一……就……”。當hardly,scarcely,nosooner置于句首時，其后要用部分倒裝。Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.＝Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.*(2)在before或after引導的時間狀語從句中用一般過去時代替過去完成時。Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.步驟十二：現在完成進行時考點分析(1)由“have/hasbeen+現在分詞”構成，表示從過去某一時間開始，一直持續到現在的動作，并仍在進行。TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.(2)表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作，在說話時剛剛結束。Thechildrenhavebeenhavingalotoffun.Andnowtheyaregoinghomewithjoy.(3)現在完成進行時有時所表示的動作并不是一直在不停地進行，而是在斷斷續續地重復。Ihavebeenringingyouseveraltimesintwodays.步驟十三：高考常考的幾種易混時態的辨析一般現在時與現在進行時(1)一般現在時主要用于習慣性或經常性動作，常伴隨使用usually,often,seldom等頻度副詞；現在進行時主要用于表示目前或現階段正在進行的動作或狀態，常跟now,atpresent等時間狀語。Heusuallywritesalotofletters,butheisn’twritingatpresent.(2)表示客觀事實或普遍真理時，要用一般現在時，不能用現在進行時。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.一般過去時與過去進行時(1)一般過去時表示一個完成的動作，而過去進行時表示過去某一階段正在進行的動作。Iwasreadinganovellastnight.昨晚我在看小說(可能沒看完)。Ireadanovellastnight.我昨晚看了一本小說(已經看完了)。(2)一般過去時用于表示一個單純動作，過去進行時用于表示過去一段時間反復做的動作。Didheaskquestions?他提問題了嗎？Hewasaskingquestionsallthetime.他始終在提問題。(3)一般過去時表示過去某個時刻發生的動作(側重說明事實)，過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間發生的動作(強調在這一過程中所進行的動作或展開的情景)。Hedrewapictureyesterdayafternoon.(昨天下午他做了這么一件事)Hewasdrawingapictureyesterdayafternoon.(昨天下午他一直在畫畫，沒干別的事)現在完成時與一般過去時(1)兩者都表示發生在過去的動作。但現在完成時表示過去動作與現在的關系，主要說明現在的情況；一般過去時強調動作發生在過去某一時間，與現在不發生聯系。例如：They’vegonetoParis.(說明他們現在去巴黎了，不在這里)TheywenttoParis.(只說明去過，不表明是否現在仍在那里)(2)現在完成時表示從過去發生到現在一段時間內的任何時間，可與sofar,uptonow,lately,eversince等表示包括現在一段時間的狀語連用，但不能和表示過去時間的狀語連用；一般過去時表示的是過去某一特定時間或與現在無關的某一過去時間。Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.(到目前為止)Isawthefilmthedaybeforeyesterday.(表明看電影的時間是在前天)。過去完成時與一般過去時(1)一般過去時通常與具體過去時間狀語連用；即使沒有時間狀語，根據具體的語言環境，我們也可以作出明確的判斷。(2)過去完成時是一種相對的時態，表示在過去某時刻之前發生。時間參照點與一般過去時不同，一般過去時是對現在說話時刻而言，過去完成時則是與過去某一時刻而言的，即“過去的過去”。Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.5.一般將來時與將來進行時一般將來時表示對“現在時刻”來說，將要發生的動作或將要存在的狀態；而將來進行時表示將來的某一時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作。Sheissixteen,whowillbeseventeennextyear.WhatwillyoubedoingatthistimenextMonday?6.現在完成時和過去完成時現在完成時表示的動作發生在過去，以now的時間為基點，側重對now產生的結果或造成的影響；過去完成時則是一個相對的時態，以過去時間為基點，它所表示的動作不僅發生在過去，更強調“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。比較：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.7.現在完成時和現在完成進行時](1)現在完成進行時往往表示動作在重復，現在完成時則常常不帶重復性。如：Haveyoubeenmeetingherlately?(經常相見)Haveyoumetherlately?(不重復發生)(2)現在完成進行時比較生動，有時含有明顯的感情色彩；而現在完成時往往只說明一個事實、一種影響或結果，平鋪直敘，沒有什么感情色彩可言。如：RecentlyMaryhasbeendoingherhomeworkregularly.(顯然是在表揚瑪麗)RecentlyMaryhasdoneherhomeworkregularly.(只說明一個事實)步驟十四：固定句型中的固定時態在某些固定句型里往往有固定的時態要求，請體會下列句子中時態的運用：This/Itisthefirst/second...timeIhavedonesth..That/Itwasthefirst/second...timeIhaddonesth.Itistwoyearssincehewentabroad..Itwastwoyearssincehehadgoneabroad.Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.HardlyhadIgothomewhenthetelephonerang.NosoonerhadIgothomethanthetelephonerang.Itwon’tbelongbeforeheesback./Itwasn’tlongbeforehecameback.Ididn’tmanagetounderstandituntilhehadexplaineditagain.祈使句＋and(or/orelse/otherwise)＋并列分句(并列分句中謂語動詞多用一般將來時)【查漏補缺】1.Forexample,in1998,DisneyproducedafilmnamedMulan,which__________(consider)agreatsuccessbycriticsandthepublic.2.Aroundtwoo’clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhat___________(bother)us.3.Therecentelection_____________(be)theonlythingonthenewsforthelastthreedays.4.Then,withthetasteofChinainmymouth,I__________(return)toBeijingasanexchangestudentin2014.5.Germsexistinwaterandoftenthey__________(find)inairanddustaswell.6.Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprograms__________(increase)sharply.7.DuringhisstayinXi’an,Jerrytriedalmostallthelocalfoodshisfriends__________________(remend).Keys:1.wasconsidered2.bothers3.hasbeen4.returned5.arefound6.hasincreased7.hadremended【梳理優化】一、謂語動詞時態結構表時態動詞結構（以do為例）一般現在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時現在進行時過去進行時將來進行時現在完成時過去完成時現在完成進行時二、常考題型：語法填空三、解題技巧語法填空題中時態的解題技巧1.判斷空格處所給單詞是否是動詞（一般是給出動詞原形提示詞的，且一般會考1題時態）；2.判斷空格處是否填謂語動詞（其他可能性：非謂語動詞、詞性轉換）；3.若是填謂語動詞，結合上下文提示和句意判斷空格處所要填的時態；（注意考慮是否要用被動語態）4.如無需使用被動語態，正確寫出所需填寫的時態的謂語動詞結構（注意主謂一致問題，即謂語動詞單復數問題）；【強化鞏固】語法填空It

wasgettingdark1________Igothome.ItwascoldandI2_____________(wear)acoat.I3____________(walk)uptothedoorandputmyhandintomypockettotakeoutmykeybutIcouldn’tfindit.IsuddenlyrememberedthatI

4__________(leave)itonmydeskintheoffice.Itreallydidn’tmakeanydifference.Iknewmywife5________(be)athomeandthechildrenmusthaveebackfromschoolbynow,soI6________(knock)

atthedoor.Therewasnoanswer,soIknockedagain.Icontinuedknockingatthedoorforsometime.I7____________(get)angry.ThenIrememberedsomethingtheofficeboyhadtoldmeatnoon.Hesaidthatmywife8________(phone)

sayingthatshe9_____________(go)shoppingintheafternoonwiththechildren.Therewasonlyonethingforme

todo:Ihadtoclimein10___________awindow.【課后練習】一、單句語法填空1.InrecentyearstheSaturdaybeforeChristmas__________(see)thebiggestshoppingcrowds.2.AwakeningofInsects(驚蟄)__________(fall)onMar6andendsonMar20thisyear.3.EliaswasgratefulforhishelpandlaterhejoinedintheANCYouthLeaguewhich____________(organize)byMandelaandfoughtfortheequalrightsofblackpeople.4.Intheyearof1952,hemetMandelawhoworkedasalawyerand____________(offer)legalguidancetopoorblackpeople.5.Thefires___________(spread)rapidlyduringabakingheatwavesincemidAugust.二、語法填空AfterDavid’sdaughterwasborn,hedecidedtomakeonemilliondollars.Hethoughtinthiswayhisdaughter1_______________(live)

a

happylife.

Inordertoachievehisgoal,David2____________(devote)most

of

histimetohisbusiness.Whileotherfathers

3______________(play)withtheirkidsoutside,hewasworking.Whileotherfatherswerereadingstoriestotheirkids,hewashangingoutwithhisclients(客戶).Hislittledaughter

4______________

(name)Janehardlysawhim.

Timeflewfast.Oneday,whenDavidreturnedhomefromwork,hesawJane

sitting5______thelivingroom.Whenshesawhim,sherantohimandaskedhimtoplaywithherforawhile.“Sorry,Jane,butI6____________

(be)terriblybusytonight.Ihavealotofworktodo.”Hewasabouttoleave

7.

___________

heheardJanecrying.Sohestoppedandaskedwhy.“You’realwaysworking.Youhavenotimeformeatall.You’renotagooddad,”saidJane.Davidwas

8_________

(lose)inthoughtafterhearingthat.Herememberedwhyheworkedsohard—hewantedJanetoliveahappylife.However,thingsgocontrarytohiswishes.He

9___________(teach)agoodlessonthatday.Therefore,hemadea

10_____________

(decide)tospendalotmoretimewithhisdaughter.三、閱讀理解AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安裝)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanymunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“lowimpact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlowimpactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(傳粉昆蟲).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinatorfriendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinatorfriendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.1.Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?A.Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy. B.Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.C.Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms. D.Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.2.WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A.Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms. B.Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C.Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly. D.Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.3.Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A.Toconservepollinators. B.Torestrictsolardevelopment.C.Todiversifytheeconomy. D.Toensurethesupplyofenergy.4.Whichofthefollowingist