凹坑pool，chute白堊chalk白云化灰巖dolomitizedlimestone白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云巖dolostone,dolomitite斑點構造mottledstructure斑礁patchreef斑晶porphyrotope斑脫巖bentonite搬運作用transportation板狀晶體laths半深海helmipelagic半自形晶subhedral棒形蛀木蟲跡teredolitesclavatus包卷層理convolutelamination包卷構造comvolutestructure堡礁（障壁礁）barrierreef抱球蟲軟泥globigerinaooze比擬試驗模式scaledexperimentalmodel碧玉jasper邊灘pointbar辮狀河braidedchannel標志層keybed標準偏差standarddeviation表面結構surfacetexture表皮鮞superficialOolits表棲動物epifauna表生成巖作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis表土regolith濱湖亞相lake-shore濱面shoreface濱線shoreline冰雹痕hailimpression冰川glacier冰-海沉積物glacier-marinesediment冰川相glacialfacies冰磧物till冰磧巖tillite冰水沉積outwash波長wavelength波高waveheight波痕ripple波狀層理wavybedding剝離線理partinglineation不等粒inequigranular不整合unconformity槽痕flute槽模flutecasts側向沉積作用lateralsedimentation側向加積lateralaccretion測井沉積學well-loggingsedimentology測井相electrofacies層bed層間流interflow層孔蟲stromatoporoid層理stratification，bedding，lamination層流laminarflow層內溶解作用intrastratalsolution層系set層系組coset層序地層學sequencestratigraphy次長石凈砂巖subarkose次生孔隙secondaryporosity次巖屑凈砂巖sublitharenite長石feldspar長石砂巖feldsparsandstone長石凈砂巖arkose長石凈砂巖類arkosicarenite長石雜砂巖feldspathicgreywacke長石雜砂巖類arkosicgreywacke潮道tidalchannel潮間帶intertidal潮控三角洲tidal-dominateddelta潮坪tidalflat潮上帶supratidal潮汐層理tidal-bedding潮汐流ebbcurrent潮汐三角洲tidaldelta潮下帶subtidalzone沉積分異作用sedimentarydifferentiation沉積構造sedimentarystructure沉積后作用postdeposition沉積環境depositionalenvironment沉積模式sedimentarymodel沉積盆地sedimentarybasin沉積鐵礦sedimentaryironores沉積物sediment沉積物重力流sedimentgravityflow沉積相sedimentary（depositional）facies沉積學sedimentology沉積巖sedimentaryrocks沉積巖石學sedimentarypetrology沉積作用sedimentation，deposition成分成熟度compositionalmatuarity成巖作用diagenesis赤鐵礦hematite沖積平原alluvialplain沖積扇alluvialfan沖裂avulsion沖流swash沖流回流帶zoneofswashandbackwash沖刷痕scourmark沖洗交錯層理swashbedding沖溢扇washoverfan儲層reservoir儲油窗oil—windows床沙bed床沙形體bedform床沙載荷bedload吹程fetch垂向沉積作用verticalaccretion叢藻跡chondrites粗礫cobble粗枝藻門dasyclads大潮springtide大陸架continentalshelf大陸隆continentalrise大陸坡continentalslope大洋盆地basin帶穴跡taenidium帶狀跡teanidium袋狀鉆孔跡rogerella單杯跡monocraterion單成份礫巖oligomicticconglomerate島（弧）-海（溝）體系arc-trenchsystem島弧islandarc等深流contourcurrent等深積巖contourite等趾跡isopodichnus等足跡isopodichnus低鎂方解石low-magnesiancalcite低彎度河道low-sinuositychannel低位體系域low-standsystemstract堤岸bank底痕solemark底積層bottomset底模solecast底棲生物benthos底載河道bedloadchannel地層strata地層傾斜錄井dipmeterlog地層水formationwater地球化學geochemistry地球物理geophysics地震地層學seismicstratigraphy地震勘探seismicexploration遞變層gradedlayer遞變懸浮作用gradedsuspension典型濁積巖clasticturbidite電測井electriclog疊層石stromatolite疊瓦狀排列imbricatearrangement頂積層topsets動態模式dynamicmodel動藻跡zoophycus豆粒pisolite段member對稱波痕symmetricalripple鮞粒oolite二葉石跡cruziana反遞變層理reversegrading反沙丘層理antidunebedding反向遞變的inverselygraded泛濫盆地floodbasin泛濫平原floodplain方沸石Analcime方解石calcite放射蟲Radiolarians放射性測井radioactivitylog非補償（饑餓）沉積starvedbasin非顯晶質的aphanitic沸石zeolite分流河道distributarychannel分流河口砂壩distributary-mouthbar分流間灣interdistributary分選系數So分選作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂巖siltite,siltstone粉砂頁巖siltshale球粒pellet風暴大潮stormsurge風成eolian風成波痕eolianripple,windripple風成交錯層理aeoliancrossbedding風成巖eolianite風化作用weathering風生流wind-driftcurrent風蝕deflation峰度curtosis縫合線stylolite弗勞德數Froudenumber浮游生物plankton腐泥sapropel負載（荷）構造loadstructure復成分礫巖polymicticconglomerate復理石flysch鈣結層caliche干酪根kerogen干鹽湖playa高嶺石kaolinite高彎度河道high-sinuositychannel高位體系域high-standsystemstract根珊瑚跡rhizocoralliun耕作跡agrichnia溝模groovecasts溝蠕形跡taphrhelminthopsis古拉跡paleohelcura古生態學paleoecology古生物paleontological古水流標志paleocurrentindicator古土壤paleosols古網跡palaeodictyon古斜坡paleoslope骨架巖framestone固著底棲生物sessilebenthos光合作用photosynthesis硅鎂層sima硅土，二氧化硅silica硅質silic-硅質碎屑siliciclastic國際沉積學家學會IAS（InternationalAssociationofSedimentologists）海（湖）泛面floodingsurface海（湖）灘beach海岸帶coastalzone海底扇submarinefan海底峽谷submarinecanyon海溝trench海進體系域transgressivesystemstract海浪seawave海綠石glauconite海平面變化sea-levelchanges海平面升降eustasy海侵transgression海侵層序transgressivesequence海生跡thalassinoides海灘marinebeach海灘脊ridgeofabeach海相三角洲marinedelta海洋ocean旱谷arroyo,wadi河床（道）channel河床滯留lag河底滯留沉積channelfloorlag河控三角洲fluvialdelta河口灣estuary河流相fluvial河漫overbank核形石oncilite褐鐵礦limonite黑色頁巖blackshale黑云母biotite紅藻植物門rhodophyta后濱backshore后成作用katagenesis,anadiagenesis弧間盆地interarcbasin弧內盆地intra-arcbasin弧前盆地forearcbasin湖lake湖泊環境lacustrineenvironment湖泊相lacustrine湖面波動seiche湖沼學limnology滑［動］痕slidemark滑塌構造slumpstructure滑塌巖slumps還原硫酸鹽細菌desulfouibrio,desulfomaculmi還原作用reduction環境沉積學environmentalsedimentology環線跡spirorhaphe黃鐵礦pyrite黃土loess灰泥micrite灰泥巖mudstone灰質白云巖calcareousdolostone回流backflow，backwash混雜沉積巖diamicton混雜堆積物melange混載荷流mixed-loadchannel火山彈bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ashflow火山角礫巖volcanicbreccia火山塊block火山泥石流lahar火山碎屑pyroclasticdebris，tephra火山碎屑流pyroclasticflow火山碎屑巖pyroclasticrock火焰構造flamestructure雞籠狀的chickenwire集合粒aggregate集塊巖agglomerate加積accretion加積作用aggradation假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切shearing交錯層crossbeds交錯層理crossbedding;crossstratification交錯紋crossed-lamellar交錯紋層crosslaminae膠結物cement膠結作用cementation膠磷礦collophane礁reef礁核reefcore礁后相backreeffacies礁麓堆積reeftalus礁前相forereeffacies礁相reeffacies角度不整合angularunconformity角礫巖breccias節藻跡phycodes結晶碳酸鹽巖crystallinecarbonate界面boundingsurfaces金藻門chrysophyta津（波）浪tsunami近濱nearshore進潮口tidalinlet進積作用progradation進食構造feedingstructures進食跡fodinichnia晶面crystalface晶體crystal井形穴shafts凈砂巖arenite靜態模式staticmodel居住構造dwellingstructure居住跡domichnia居住潛穴dwellingburrows巨畫跡megagrapton巨礫boulder決口扇crevasse，crevassesplay均勻懸浮uniformsuspension顆粒grain，particle顆粒流grainflow顆粒巖grainstone顆粒支撐的particle-supported，grain-supported可劈性fissility可容空間accommodationspace克拉通craton孔隙（度）pore,porosity塊狀層理massivebedding塊狀砂巖massivesandstone浪成波痕wave-generatedripple浪成沙紋層理wave-ripplebedding浪基面wavebase浪控三角洲wave-dominateddelta雷諾數Reynoldsnumber-Re類沙蠶跡nereites累積頻率曲線cumulative-frequencycurve離岸（裂）流ripcurrent犁溝跡aulichnites麗線跡cosmorhaphe礫gravel礫漠reg礫屑灰巖calcirudite礫屑巖rudite礫巖conglomerate粒度grainsize粒度概率圖probabilityplot粒度中值Md粒間孔隙度intergranularporosity粒屑灰巖grainstone粒序層理gradedbedding亮晶sparite亮晶方解石sparrycalcite亮晶灰巖sparite亮煤clarain裂隙fracture臨濱shoreface磷灰巖phosphorite磷酸鹽巖phosphaterock菱鐵礦siderite流動體制flowregimes流痕rillimpression流態flowregime流體化作用fluidization硫酸鹽sulphate漏斗形funnelshape陸表海epicontinentalsea陸架邊緣體系域shelfmarginsystemstract陸相terrestrial陸緣海marginalsea陸源碎屑巖terrigenousclasticrocks陸表海epeiricsea綠泥巖chlorite綠藻門chlorophyta,卵石質砂巖pebblysandstone螺管跡gyrolithes洛倫茨跡corenzinia脈狀層理flaserbedding漫流sheetflow漫游跡planoliies煤coal煤化作用coalification錳質巖manganessrock覓食跡pascichnia覓食拖跡grazingtrails密度底流densityunderflow密度流densitycurrent密度躍層pycnocline磨拉石molasses母巖sourcerock,parentrock母巖區provenance，sourcearea內成巖endogenetic內棲動物infauna內碎屑intraclast鈉長石albite鈉長石化albitization能量帶energybelt泥mud泥板巖argillite泥晶micrite泥晶套micriteenvelope泥粒灰巖（泥質顆粒巖）packstone泥裂mudcrack泥流mudflow泥石流debrisflow泥質巖mudrock泥頁巖argillutite泥支撐的mudsupported泥質的argil擬蠕形跡helminthopsis逆行沙波regressivesandwave逆行沙丘antidune年代地層單位chronostratigraphicunit鳥眼構造birds-eyesstructure鳥足狀三角洲bird-footdelta凝灰巖tuff凝聚顆粒aggregategrains凝塊灰巖thrombolite牛頓流體Newtonianfluid牛軛湖ox-bowlake爬跡repichnia爬升沙紋層理climbingripplebedding爬行crawling拍岸浪surf盤旋蟲科spirillinidae螃蟹跡psilonichnus跑動running泡沫痕foamimpression盆內巖intrabasinalrock盆外巖石extrabasinalrock片流sheetwash偏度Sk1，skewness漂礫erratic平均粒徑Mz平均值mean平行層理parallelbedding平直河straightchannel破浪breaker破浪帶breakerzone葡萄石grapestones氣候帶climatebelts牽引［作用］traction牽引流tractivecurrent牽引毯狀沉積tractioncarpet前濱foreshore前積層foresets前三角洲沉積prodeltadeposit淺海區neriticprovince淺灘shoal墻形跡teichichus丘狀交錯層理hummockycrossbedding球度sphericity球粒pellet，pelletpeloids球狀粒peloid曲帶跡curuolithus曲流meander曲流裁直neckcutoff曲流河meanderingriver取心鉆井coredrilling全球海平面變化eustaticchangeofsealevel缺氧事件anoxicevent群group群體生物colony(organisms)熱云nueeardente熱云巖ignimbrite溶解載荷solutionalload熔結凝灰巖ignimbrite蠕形跡helminthoida軟流圈asthenosphere軟泥ooze弱光帶disphoticzone薩布哈(鹽沼)sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原deltaplain三角洲前緣deltafront三聯點triplejunction掃毛蟲sabellarians沙壩bar沙波sandwave沙流sandflow沙漠desert沙漠相desertfacies沙丘dune沙蜀跡arenicolites沙體Sandbody沙紋ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂火山sandvolcanoes砂流sandflow砂屑detritus砂屑灰巖calcarenite砂巖sandstone砂枕構造pillowstructure篩狀沉積sievedeposition山鹿沖積平原bajada山麓piedmont珊瑚coral扇礫巖fanglomerate扇三角洲fandelta扇狀三角洲fan-likedelta舌菌跡glossiofunhites蛇形跡ophiomorpha深海pelagic,deepsea深海帶abyssalzone深海溝deep-seatrench深海平原abyssal深海扇deep-seafan深泓線thalweg深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetricbasin滲透率permeability生長構造growthstructure生物層biostrome生物帶biozone生物地層學biostratigraphy生物灰巖biolithite生物礁reef生物顆粒bioclast生物亮晶灰巖biosparite生物內碎屑bioclastic生物泥晶灰巖biomicrite生物丘bioherm生物擾動作用bioturbation生物遺跡化石tracefossil石膏gypsum石化作用lithification石灰巖limestone石漠hamada石英quarts石英砂巖quartzsandstone，silicarenita石英凈砂巖quartzarenite石英雜砂巖quartzwack石針跡skolithos石枝藻litho-thammium始成巖作用eodiagenesis示頂底標志geopetalcriterion事實模式actualmodel數學模式mathematicalmodel刷模brushcasts雙杯跡diplocraterion雙形跡dimorphichus雙趾跡diplichifes水道channel水流current，aqueousflow水流痕currentmark水流上涌upwelling水流線理currentlineation水平層理horizontalbedding水體分層stratificationofthewatercolumn水下泥石流subaqueousdebisflow水下巖崩subaqueousrockfall水懸浮作用aqueoussuspension斯科陽跡scoyenia似海生跡thalassinoides似海星跡asteriacites似蠕形跡helminthopsis似藻跡phycodes碎屑顆粒detritalparticle燧石flint，chert他生沉積物allochthonoussediments它形晶anhedral塌積角礫巖collapsebraccia塔斯曼跡tasmanadia臺地platform苔蘚蟲fenestratebryozoans灘bank灘脊beachridge碳酸鹽carbonate碳酸鹽巖carbonaterock,carbonatite碳酸鹽巖補償深度carbonatecompensationdepth碳酸鹽巖隆（建隆）carbonatebuildup逃逸構造escapestructure逃逸跡fugichnia體系域systemstract天然堤levee，naturallevee填集作用packing跳模bouncecasts跳躍作用saltation鐵巖ironstone鐵質巖ferruginousrock停息跡cubchnia同沉積滑塌構造syndepositinalslumpstructure同生白云巖syngeneticdolostone同生作用syngenesis透光帶photiczone透鏡狀層理lenticularbedding湍流turbulentflow團塊lumps退覆層序offlapsequence洼狀交錯層理swaleycrossbedding外成巖exogeneticrock外來巖塊exoticblock外生沉積物exogenticsediments彎曲錨形跡ancorichnuscoronus晚成巖作用telodiagenesis網狀（交織）河流anastomosingstreamanastomosedriver微亮晶microspar微斜長石microcline胃形鉆孔跡gastrochaenolites溫躍層thermoclime紋層laminae，lamination紋層狀的laminated紋理lamination紋泥,季節泥varve雯石（霰石）aragonite紊流turbulentflow無光帶aphoticzone無粘結性顆粒cohesionlessparticle物源區provenance矽藻diatom細礫granule線管跡tigllites相facies相變facieschange相標志faciesmark相對海平面relativesea-level相序faciessequence（succession）向上變粗coarsening-upward向上變淺shoaling-upward，shallowing--upward小潮neaptide小間斷diastem斜坡地形clinoform泄水構造water-escapestructure瀉湖lagoon新生變形作用neomorphism新月形沙丘barchandune信風tradewinds星瓣跡asterosoma休息跡restingtraces懸浮（移）負載suspendedload選擇交代作用selectivereplacement壓扁層理flaserbedding壓刻痕tollmark壓溶作用pressuresolution壓實作用compaction鹽水楔saltwaterwedge巖石地層單位lithostratigraphicunit巖石地層學lithostratigraphy巖石圈lithosphere巖石學petrology巖相lithofacies巖相古地理lithofaciespaleogeography巖屑rockfragment，lithic巖屑砂巖lithicsandstone，rockfragmentsandstone巖屑凈砂巖litharenite巖屑雜砂巖lithicgreywacke巖屑質長石凈砂巖lithicarkose巖性lithological沿岸流longshorecurrent沿岸沙壩longshorebar鹽度salinity鹽湖saltlakes鹽堿灘salina氧化作用oxidation頁巖shale液化liguefaction液化沉積物流fluidizedsedimentflow液化作用liquefaction伊利石illite遺跡化