閱讀理解之科普知識類題型分析科普知識類說明文是高考閱讀理解中的重難點題材，考生往往在這類文章中失分嚴重，因此，考生需要了解科普知識類文章的主要特點和命題方式。選材：當前經濟和科技等方面的變化，以介紹某一科學現象居多。特點：結構嚴謹、邏輯性強。語言：文章中詞匯的意義相對單一、穩定、簡明，不帶感情色彩。句子結構較復雜，語法分析較困難，常使用被動語態，尤其是一些慣用被動句式。命題：主要集中在細節理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題或詞義猜測題，以推理判斷題居多。解題策略科普知識類說明文長難句居多，題目往往是推理判斷題和主旨大意題。因此，考生在擴大詞匯量的同時，還需要努力增強分析長難句的能力，把握文章的主旨。具體答題策略如下：感悟真題·體驗技法(2019·全國Ⅰ·C)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon，themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent，thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities，andbyextension，whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology，theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped，withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive，plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。隨著數據和身份盜竊變得越來越普遍，對用戶信息起防護作用的技術如指紋掃描等的市場正在增長，但這些技術仍然很昂貴。本文介紹了一種具有類似功能的新型低成本設備——智能鍵盤。28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句“Atpresent，thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.”和第二段第一句“ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.”可知，研究者們開發智能鍵盤是為了降低e-space保護的成本。故選D。29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.細節理解題。根據第二段的“Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities...”可知，因為每個人的打字方式不同，使得智能鍵盤能夠識別人的身份。故選C。30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It’llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It’llreachconsumerssoon.C.It’llbemadeofplastics.D.It’llhelpspeeduptyping.細節理解題。根據最后一段最后一句“Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”可知，研究者們希望智能鍵盤能早日投入市場銷售。故選B。隨堂演練Bioprintingismedicallyandbio-technologicallyequalto3Dprinting.Byusingthesameprinciples，theaimistorapidlydeveloplivingstructuressimilartohuman-grownorgansandtissuethatcanbeusedtohealpeopleortestnewdrugs.Ofcourse，printingbiologicaltissueismuchmorecomplexthanbuildingamechanicalpart.Therearecomplexlayersofcellsinlivingtissue.Bioprintersusebioinkmadefromcells，biochemicalnutrientsandbiologicalstandstosupportcellsinanexactorder.Bioinkshavetooperateunderconditionsthataresuitableforliving，growingtissue，sotheycannotreallybeprintedattemperaturesthattopbodytemperature.Perhapsthesimplestformofbioprintingisinkjetprinting.Bioinkissprayedthroughtinytubessoithastobealmostliquidandthislimitsthebiologicalmaterialsthatcanbeprinted.Most3Dprintersoperatebysqueezingmaterialthroughapipeandbioprinterscanusesqueezingtoo，thoughcarehastobetakennottodamagecellsthroughextremeforce.Othertechniquessuchaslaser-assistedbioprintingorelectrospinning(靜電紡絲)areincrediblyexactandcanbeusedwiththickerbioinks，buttheyaremoretrickytousewithlivingcellsandnotasrapidorabletocreatelargequantitiesoftissue.Oncethebioprinterhasdoneitswork，thepost-processingstagebegins.Bioreactorsystemsareoftenemployedtohelpthetissuegrowup.Theycanbeusedtocopytheforcesandbiochemicalsupportthattissueneedstogrowanddifferentiatecorrectly.Bioprintingmaybearelativelynewfieldbuttheresultssofarareencouraging.Stemcells，whichhavethepotentialtoturnintoseveraltypesofcells，arebeingusedtocreatebone.Organprintingcanimprovethehealthofsocietyingeneralbywipingouttheproblemofdiseasescausedbyorganfailure，costlytreatmentsandsocialcare.Thatpromisemaybeyearsawayfromrealizationbutrapidprototyping(原型技術)enabledbybioprintingispushingmedicaladvancesforwardatpace.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹生物打印的所需材料、實施過程和相關用途等告訴讀者生物打印的發展很有前景。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referto?A.Cells. B.Bioinks.C.Nutrients. D.Biologicalstands.代詞指代題。根據第二段最后一句可知，生物墨水必須在適合的條件下工作，所以它們不能在高于體表溫度的狀況下打印。由此可推知，畫線詞they指代的是生物墨水。故選B。2.Whatshouldwepayattentiontowhenusingbioprinting?A.Thesortofhumanorgans.B.Thethicknessofbioinks.C.Theforceofsqueezing.D.Theorderofcells.細節理解題。根據第三段第三句可知，生物打印機也可以通過擠壓原料的方式運作，不過要注意不能過度用力，否則會損壞細胞。故選C。3.Whatcanweinferfrom