不定式

todo過去分詞

v-ed動名詞v-ing現在分詞v-ing非謂語動詞1234動詞v-ing動詞-ing

動詞-ingV-ing形式由“do＋ing”構成,其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以帶賓語或狀語構成V-ing短語,沒有人稱和數的變化,但有時態和語態的變化。語態時態主動語態被動語態一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendonedoing的一般式和完成式1.Climbingmountainsisdangerous.

主語2.Mybroyheralwayslovesplayingbasketballafterschool.賓語3.Hishobbyisplayinggames.表語觀察下面句子并分析畫線部分在句中所作的成分

5.Lookingdownatherphoneasshewalked,shehitthedoor.

定語4.TheladydoingthelivebroadcastiscalledQiaoBiluo.正在做直播的這位女士名叫喬碧蘿。狀語6.TheheadteachersawLiMingplayingwithsmartphoneintheclassroom.賓語補足語定語狀語動詞-ing形式在句中的語法作用v-ing形式動名詞現在分詞主語賓語表語定語定語表語狀語賓補Playingwithfireisdangerous.Jimlikesjumpinginmuddypuddles.Peoplelivingtherearequitefriendly.Hereallyneedsawashingmachine.Theperformancewasreallyamazing.Laughingandtalking,theywentin.Ilovetowatchherperformingonthestage.V-ing用作主語The-ingformasthesubjectReadingaloudagoodwaytolearnaforeignlanguage.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly

consideredtobeagoodhabit.ListeningtotheEnglishtapesandwatchingEnglishfilms

goodwaystolearnEnglish.1.動詞-ing形式作主語，往往表示抽象的、

的動作,通常直接置于

。單個的動名詞（短語）作主語時謂語動詞用單數；兩個或多個動名詞（短語）并列作主語時，如果是一件事謂語動詞用______，如果是兩件事,謂語動詞要___

。

ObserveandFind習慣性句首單數復數isisare5.動詞-ing與動詞不定式作主語的區別：動詞-ing作主語，常常表示抽象的習慣性或經常性的動作。而不定式一般表示一次性、具體性的行為。Deliveringnewspapersishisjob.送報紙是他的工作。Todelivernewspapersishisjobtoday.送報紙是他今天的工作。Climbingmountainscanbehardwork.爬山會相當辛苦。Toclimbthemountainswashardworkbutaswelookedaroundusweweresurprisedbytheview.雖然爬那些山很辛苦，但(具體爬那些山行為，這對那次旅游的具體場合而言)(指一般經常性道理)動詞-ing形式作主語表示經常性或習慣性的動作且常放句首形容詞性物主代詞+動詞-ing名詞所有格+動詞-ing動詞-ing作主語動詞-ing的復合結構It’sawastetimedoingsthIt’suseless/nouse/nogooddoingsthIt’snofundoingsthit作形式主語動詞原形+-ing基本構成基本用法動詞-ing與動詞不定式作主語的區別V-ing用作賓語動詞-ing形式作賓語1.作動詞的賓語。一些及物動詞之后只能接v-ing作賓語,不能接不定式。Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打開窗戶嗎？Isuggestgoingswimmingnow.我建議現在就去游泳。常接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞可用下面的口訣幫助記憶：避免錯過少延期（avoid,miss,postpone)建議完成多練習（advise,finish,practise)喜歡想象禁不住（enjoy,imagine,can'thelp)承認否定與嫉妒（admit,deny,envy)逃避冒險莫原諒（escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意（stand,keep,mind)2.作介詞的賓語例：Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.我期待早日再次見到你。Nobodyobjectstoworkingforanotherhourtoday.

沒有人反對今天再工作一個小時。在下面的短語中，常用動詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語：lookforwardto渴望，盼望beresponsiblefor對……負責insiston堅持objectto反對，抗議prevent…from防止，阻止keep…from防止，阻止stop…from防止，阻止在下面的短語中，常用動詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語：devote…to獻身于setabout著手做be/getusedto習慣于befondof喜歡beafraidof害怕betiredof對……厭煩succeedin成功地做……beinterestedin對……感興趣3.有些動詞或動詞短語后跟動詞-ing形式或不定式都可以，但意思不同。Iremembertomeetheratthestation.我記得要到車站見她。Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.我記得曾在某個地方見過她。常見的有：remember/forgettodo...記著／忘記要做……remember/forgetdoing...記著／忘記做過……regrettodo...遺憾要做……regretdoing...后悔做了……trytodo...努力／試圖做……trydoing...試著做……meantodo...打算做……meandoing...意味著做……stoptodo...停下來去做（另一件事）stopdoing...停止做……can'thelptodo...不能幫著做……can'thelpdoing...禁不住做……4.在有些動詞的后面，如

start,begin,continue,like,love,hate,intend,prefer

等既可接動詞-ing形式也可接不定式作賓語，兩者意義區別不大。Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他們繼續工作，似乎什么也沒發生過。5.用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是v.-ing形式。其結構如下:sb.+動詞+it+adj.+doing常用動詞有:think,consider,find,feel,believe等Ifoundituseless/nousecryingaboutit.我發現因為這件事哭泣沒用。Doyoufeelitdifficulttryingagain?再來一遍你覺得難嗎?

6.介詞in?？墒÷缘膸最惥湫廷僦髡Z+haveaproblem/trouble/difficulty/fun(+in)+doing...②主語+spendtime（+in）+doing...③主語+bebusy（+in）+doing...【對點訓練】①(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoid______(eat)withheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions.②(2020·天津高考)Tohelpuspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggested__________(read)throughournotes.(2)Wouldyoumind_________(move)theboxforme?(3)Wearealllookingforwardto________(visit)themuseumsoon.

eatingreadingmovingvisiting(4)Hedoesn’treallymean___________(work)here,whichmeans__________(leave)thejobsoonafterwards.

(5)Thedeerwasluckyanditjustmissed______________(catch)bythehunter.

(6)Alicelooksforwardto______________(ask)togiveaspeechatthemeeting.(7)Haveyouconsidered___________(look)foronespecialfriend?toworkleavingbeingcaughtbeingaskedlooking

The–ingformasthePredicative(現在分詞用作表語)1.動名詞(短語)作表語,表示抽象的一般性的行為,用來說明主語的內容,與主語通常是同一概念,表語和主語?？苫Q位置。Myfavouritesportisswimming.=Swimmingismyfavouritesport.我最喜歡的運動是游泳。動詞-ing形式作表語2.表示主語具有的特征、性質和狀態(動詞ing相當一個形容詞）

Theproblemisquitepuzzling.這個問題很令困惑。Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.正在電影院上演的電影很激動人心。Thenewsisquiteshocking.這消息很令人震驚。注意：作表語的動詞-ing形式,許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的。常見的有:moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing等。這類詞有“令人……的”的含義,常修飾物。3.過去分詞與現在分詞作表語的區別：Weare____________(interest)inthefilm.Thefilmis____________(interest)

tous.Michellesounded__________(excite)tohearthenews.Thenewssounded____________(excite).過去分詞作表語一般形容人；現在分詞作表語一般形容物interestedinterestingexcitedexcitingThequestionisrather__________(puzzle).puzzlingThestudentisquite___________(puzzle).puzzledinspiredMr.Smithdeliveredaspeech,whichwasvery___________(inspire).Theaudiencewere___________(inspire)afterlistenningtothespeech.inspiring1.Theplantsthattheyfoundtherewere

(astonish)2.Iwas

(astonish)tolearnthathislonglostchild

hadbeenfound.3.Itis________(amaze)thattheboyplayedthetrumpetsowellattheopeningceremony.

4.

He

looked

(interest)

in

the

idea

I

put

forward.

5.Pleasestopmakingthenoise—it’sgetting_______(annoy).

Exercisesastonishingastonishedamazinginterestedannoying6.Yourtaskis____________(clean)thelivingroombeforetheSpringFestival.

7.Herjobis__________(check)letterofcreditandtermsofcontract.8.Bebrave.Youlooklikea

___

bird(frighten)9.Thefiercelionlooks

___

(frighten).Keepawayfromitscageoritwillattackyou.cleaningcheckingfrightenedfrighteningPartOne

The–ingformastheAttributive(動詞ing用作定語)V-ing作定語一、動詞ing形式作定語的意義asleepingbabyabarkingdog現在分詞作定語表示名詞的狀態：進行、主動。awashingmachine動名詞作定語表示名詞的性質、特征或用途。anexhaustingwork1.drinkingwater=waterfordrinking2.tiringmusic=musicthatistiring3.awalkingstick=astickforwalking4.asurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprisingI.–ing

formasattribute1,3:function2,4:action&state動名詞作定語一般表示被修飾詞的_______和______。性質用途現在分詞作定語，表示________的或______的動作。正在進行主動定語：用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質與特征的。漢語翻譯中中常用，“......的”表示。注意現在分詞做定語的位置aninterestingfilmtherisingsun1.單個的現在分詞作定語時，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞_____boilingwater前面

asleepingdog一個睡覺的狗子Translation一個跳舞的女孩adancinggirlDoyouknowthemanplayingbasketball?=Doyouknowtheman

playingbasketball?2.現在分詞短語作定語：通常_____，其作用相當于定語從句。whois后置Doyouknowthelovelycat

thepiano?=Doyouknowthelovelycat

thepiano?whoisplayingplaying1.Ihavesomethinginterestingtosay.2.Therewasnothingsurprisinghere.3.單個的過去分詞修飾復合不定代詞something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等或指示代詞those時，要放在這些詞的_______后面

4.現在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區別amanreadingbooksausedbookboilingwaterboiledwaterasatisfyingfilmasatisfiedboy1.Doyouwanttoseethedoctor________

(work)onthecasereportintheoffice?2.Nothing_________

(report)inthenewspaperinterestedhim.3.Thechild________(stand)overthereismybrother.4.The_________(damage)bikewassenttotherepairman.reportedstanding

damaged

working1.Theman_______(sit)ontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.2.Whoisthatgirl________(walk)alongtheriver?3.Thestadium_________(design)lastyearisthebiggestoneinourcity.4.Theman_________（stand)thereisourteacher.5.Theoldlady_________(talk)tothechildrenisafamousmusician.Exercisessittingwalkingstandingtalkingdesigned2.

-ing形式作表語：①泛指某種動作或行為,說明_____________________________________。②表示______________________。1.-ing形式作定語：①單個動詞的-ing形式作定語,位于被修飾名詞的前面,表示__________________________,_____________________,______________________。②-ing形式短語作定語，相當于一個________。定語從句被修飾者的作用或功能被修飾者的性質或程度被修飾者正在進行的動作主語所具有的特征主語的身份、性質或情況(動詞ing用作狀語)動詞-ing形式是非謂語動詞的一種，兼有動詞和形容詞的特征，在句中可作表語，定語，賓語補足語和狀語，一般表示進行或主動的意思。動詞-ing形式用作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致，動詞-ing形式所表示的動作和句子的主語是主動關系。動詞-ing形式在句中可以作時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨和結果狀語。動詞-ing形式作狀語現在分詞作時間狀語時，相當于時間狀語從句。可在現在分詞前加連詞“when,while,until”等，使其時間意義更明確。Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.＝When/while(shewas)walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.當她在公園里散步時，她看到了她的一個老朋友。v-ing形式作時間狀語e.g.Seeing

thepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.

一看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。分析：see的動作是由其邏輯主語“he”發出，與句子的主語he一致，且構成主動關系，所以用動詞-ing形式。將下面的時間狀語從句改寫成簡單句。Whenhewalkedoutoftheroom,hesawadog.Walkingoutoftheroom,hesawadog.1.作時間狀語現在分詞作原因狀語時，可轉換為由since,because或as引導的原因狀語從句，這類狀語多放在句子的前半部分。Beingill，hecouldn'tgotoschool.＝Ashewasill，hecouldn'tgotoschool.v-ing形式作原因狀語e.g.Being

ill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.

因為生病了，他昨天沒有上學。分析:Heisill是Hedidn’tgotoschool的原因。be的邏輯主語和句子主語是一致,主動關系。Notknowingtheway,hegotlost.翻譯句子：由于不認路，他迷路了。

Ashe____________________,hegotlost.didn’tknowtheway動詞-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not。2.作原因狀語現在分詞作條件狀語時，可轉換為if,once或unless等引導的條件狀語從句。Workinghard，you'llmakegreatprogress.＝Ifyouworkhard，you'llmakegreatprogress.v-ing形式作條件狀語Ifwe___________,wewillsucceed.翻譯句子：努力學習,我們就會成功。Studyinghard,wewillsucceed.studyhard3.作條件狀語現在分詞作讓步狀語時，相當于一個以though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。Workingorreading，shealwaysdidherbest.＝Whethersheworkedorread，shealwaysdidherbest.v-ing形式作讓步狀語e.g.Granting

thistobetrue,wecannotexplainit.

雖然我們承認這是事實，卻無法予以說明。Knowingitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.翻譯句子：雖然知道它很難，我也不放棄。AlthoughI_________________,Idon’tgiveup.knowitisdifficult4.作讓步狀語現在分詞作方式，結果或伴隨狀語時，通常不能轉換為狀語從句，但可用并列分句代替。Istoodbythedoor，notdaringtosayaword.＝Istoodbythedoor，anddidn’tdaretosayaword.Hisparentsdied，leavinghimanorphan.＝Hisparentsdiedandlefthimanorphan.v-ing形式作方式/結果狀語e.g.Yougavemesuchafrightcreepinguponmelikethat!

你那樣不聲不響地從后面過來，嚇我一跳！

用動詞-ing形式作狀語的結構翻譯下列句子。

1)請你用另一種方式回答問題。

2)她跑進屋里來。Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.Shecamerunningintotheroom.5.作方式狀語e.g.Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上磕破了。Hewentabroad,leaving

hisuncleabighouse.翻譯句子：他出國了，留給他叔叔一間大房子。Hewentabroad

and________hisuncleabighouse.left

作結果狀語1.

Havingfinishedhishomework,herushedouttoplaybasketball.2.Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedthetest.當--ing表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前時,應使用完成式:havingdone.

判斷下列句子是否正確。Enteringtheroom,Ifoundthewallnewly-painted.Enteringtheroom,thefirstthingthatmeteyeswasthenewly-paintedwall.Beingverybusy,thefilmticketsweregiventoothers.Beingverybusy,Icouldnotaffordthetimetogotothecinema.Runningaftereachotherinthestreet,thetwoboyswereknockingdownbyabike.Runningaftereachotherinthestreet,abikeknockeddownthetwoboys.TFFTTF1._______(hear)thenews,theycouldn’thelpjumping.2.Becarefulwhen___________(cross)thestreet.3.__________________(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.4.___________(use)yourhead,you’llhaveagoodidea.5.___________(work)hard,hedidn’tfeelabittired.6.Theheavyrainlastedthreedays,__________(result)inserioustrafficjams.7.Thegirlcamein,_________(follow)herparents.8.________(walk)inthepark,shesawanoldfriend.9.Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,_________(read)abook.10._______________(finish)hishomework,Tomlistenedtomusic.ExercisesHearingcrossingHavingworkedUsingWorkingresultingfollowlingWalkingreadingHavingfinishedFocuson基本用法(動詞ing用作賓語補足語)觀察歸納：動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語常放在賓語后面,對賓語進行補充說明表示一個____________________的動作,強調一個過程或一種狀態。正在進行的主動性

1.讀句子，思考V-ing作賓語補足語的作用是什么？1)Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstanding

attheentrance.2)Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.2.接-ing形式作賓補的幾類動詞:①感官動詞see,hear,feel,smell,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。1.Wesawalightburninginthewindow.2.Ifelt

someonepatting

meontheback.3.Canyousmellanything

burning?4.Listentothebirdssinging.②使役動詞:have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等.1.Iwon'thaveyoudoingthat.2.Thissetmethinking.3.I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.4.Ican'tgettheclockgoingagain.2.接-ing形式作賓補的幾類動詞:③在with的復合結構中1.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingonoutside.2.Withsomanypeoplelooking

ather,shefeltnervous.1.Wepassedbytheclassroomandsawtheteacher__________(make)theexperiment.2.WhenIcamein,IsawDr.Li_____________(examine)apatient.3.Attheairport,amandressedinablacksuitwascaught_______(spit)ont