必修4Unit1Womenofachievement核心單詞achievementachieveproject1．________________n．成就；功績→________vt.完成；達成connectionconnectconnectedorganization

2．________n．項目；工程；規劃

3．___________n．連接；關系→_____________v．連接；聯合→___________adj.有聯系的；相關的

4．_____________n．組織；機構；團體→_________vt.組織→___________n．組織者→___________adj.有組織的；有條理的organizeorganizerorganized5．________vt.&vi.舉動；(舉止或行為)表現→__________n．(＝behavior)行為；舉止；習性behavebehaviour6．___________adj.值得的；值得做的worthwhile7．________vt.觀察；觀測；遵守→__________n．觀察；觀測→________n．觀察者observeobservationobserver

8．________vt.&n．尊敬；尊重；敬意→___________adj.可敬的；體面的→________adj.尊敬人的；恭敬的→________adv.尊敬地respectrespectablerespectfulrespectfully9．________vt.&vi.討論；辯論；爭論→___________n．爭論；爭辯；爭吵argueargument

10．_____________n．款待；娛樂；娛樂表演→_________vt.使娛樂；款待→____________adj.娛樂的；愉快的

11．________n．人群；觀眾vt.擠滿；使擁擠→_________adj.擁擠的entertainmententertainentertained12．_______vt.鼓舞；激發；啟示→__________n．靈感；鼓舞→____________adj.鼓舞人心的；有靈感的crowd13．________n．&vt.支持；擁護→_________adj.支持的；擁護的→__________n．支持者；擁護者crowded14．________vi.談到；查閱；參考→__________n．參考；參閱inspireinspirationinspirationalsupportsupportivesupporterreferreference15．________vt.計劃；打算→________n．企圖；打算16．__________n．突發事件；緊急情況intendintention17．__________n．一代；一輩emergencygeneration

18．____________adj.考慮周到的→____________vt.考慮→_____________n．考慮；體諒→____________adj.相當大的

19．________vt.遞送；生(小孩兒)；接生；發表(演說等)→_________n．遞送；傳送considerateconsider20．_________adj.謙虛的；謙讓的；適度的→_________n．謙虛→_________adv.謙虛地considerationconsiderabledeliverdeliverymodestmodestymodestly?？级陶Z1．________being人2．________off離開；起程；出發3．________with同……爭論4．________up建立humanmoveargue5．________a...life過著……的生活6．________in(想法、問題等)涌上心頭；涌入腦海7．________downupon/on蔑視；瞧不起setleadcrowdlookreferdochancecomedeliver8．________to查閱；參考；談到9．________research進行研究10．by________碰巧；湊巧carrystruggle11．________across(偶然)遇見；碰見example12．________ababy接生13．________on繼續；堅持work14．________for為……而斗爭15．for________例如16．________out解決；鍛煉身體經典佳句asmanycountriesaspossible

1．Shealsoworkedhardtomake____________________________________________agreenottousethem.她也努力工作讓盡可能多的國家同意不再使用它們。

2．Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswasshe________________________herproject.她母親頭幾個月來幫她的忙，這才使她得以開始自己的計劃。

3．________________________，itallcomescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlaboratories.我一旦停下來，所有的一切都會涌上心頭，我就會想起實驗室里的黑猩猩。allowedtobeginOnceIstop

4．Suddenlyithitme________________________________forawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthattime.突然我想起在那個年代，一個女子去學醫是多么困難啊。

5．Furtherreadingmademerealizethat________________hardworkanddeterminationaswellashergentlenature________gotherintomedicalschool.進一步閱讀使我了解到，是苦干、決心和善良的天性使她走進了醫學院的大門。howdifficultitwasitwasthat課文回顧scientistunderstandobserving

JaneGoodall,afamouswoman1._________(science),whohasstudiedchimpsformanyyears—helpspeople2.____________(understand)howmuchtheybehavelikehumans.Nobodybeforehasfullyunderstoodchimps'behavior.Janespentmanyyears3.___________(observe)andrecordingtheirdailyactivities.Shedidnotstudyatauniversitybutshewasdetermined4.__________(work)withanimalsintheirownenvironment.Whenshearrived5.________Gombein1960,itwasunusualforawomantoliveintheforest.Only6.__________hermothercametohelpherforthetoworkinafterthesetheirthatwomenfirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.Shehasbeenhelpingtherestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeof7.________(this)animals.Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo:workingwithanimalsin8.________(they)ownenvironment,gainingadoctor'sdegreeforstudy,showing9.________womencanliveintheforestasmencan.Sheinspiresthosewhowanttocheertheachievementsof10.________(woman)．單句語法填空observedknowsdelivered

1．(2017年江蘇卷·閱讀理解B)Thiseducationalmethodwasfirst________(observe)in2012bySoniaKleindorfer，abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues. 2．Noworkerandnoengineer________(know)whoitisthatistoblamefortheexplosionofthechemicalfactory. 3．Doyouwanttogetthisbook________(deliver)toyourhouseorwouldyouprefertocometotheshopforityourself?playingarguinghadplannedinspiring

4．—Isthereanynewsforthemissingboy? —Yes,hewasobserved________(play)computergamesat8o'clockyesterday. 5．Itisnouse________(argue)withheroverthematter.Sheisquitestubbornandwillneverchangehermind. 6．I_____________(plan)totakeaholidaylastyear,butIwasn'tabletogetaway. 7．What__________(inspire)newsitisthatmyfatherwilltakemetotheWuhanHappyValleythisweekend!forentertainmentconsiderate

8．Ihopeairlinescanshowmorerespect________passengersandimproveservice. 9．Computershavereplacedtelevisionsasourmostpopularformof______________(entertain)．

10．Itwas______________(consider)ofyounottoplaythepianowhileIwassleeping.1．observevt.觀察；觀測；遵守observesb.do/doingsth.觀察到某人做了/正在做某事observethecustoms遵守習俗observationn．觀察；觀測makeanobservationof對……進行觀察underobservation在監視下

【名師指津】

在被動語態中，observe后充當補足語的不帶to的動詞不定式中的to要還原出來，即beobservedtodosth.。辨析observe,watch和examine

(1)observe一般用于較長時間的觀察、了解，多用于科研等方面。

(2)watch一般指盯梢、觀看活動中的人或物。

(3)examine一般指為了了解情況，使用某些手段去檢查、查看。toobservetoopentokeep運用用所給詞的適當形式填空

(1)Itisatraditionforthepeoplehere__________(observe)theSpringFestival. (2)Thethiefwasobserved___________(open)thewindowandrunaway. (3)Itiseverybody'sdutytoobservethem(trafficrules)_____________(keep)oursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.2．respectvt.&n．尊敬；尊重；敬意win/earn/gaintherespectofsb.贏得某人的尊敬showone'srespectforsb./sth.對……表示尊敬或敬意respectsb.for因為……而尊敬某人inall/manyrespects在各個/許多方面inrespectofsth.關于；就……而言withrespecttosth.至于；關于；就……而言respectableadj.可敬的；體面的respectfuladj.表示敬意的；尊敬人的；恭敬的respectiveadj.分別的；各自的【寫作佳句】(1)Inaddition,youshouldrespectalltheteacherswhounselfishlyhelpyoutogainmuchknowledge.而且，你應該尊敬所有無私幫助你獲得大量知識的老師。(2)Pleasegivemyrespecttoyourparents.請代我向你的父母問好。運用完成句子，每空一詞showour(1)我們都起立來表示對這些普通勞動者的敬意。Weallstoodupto________________________________theseordinaryworkers.respectforrespected(2)他因誠實而頗受大家尊敬。Heishighly__________byeveryone________hishonesty.(3)我非常尊敬你的媽媽。forrespectforIhavethegreatest________________yourmother.(4)這個提議在各個方面都很棒。inallrespectsThisproposalisexcellent________________________.3．arguevt.&vi.討論；辯論；爭論argueagainst/for(sb./sth.)反對/贊成(某人/某事)arguewithsb.(about/oversth.)與某人(為某事)爭論/爭吵argueo/outofdoingsth.說服某人做/不做某事arguethat-clause主張……argumentn．爭論；爭辯；爭吵haveanargument(about/oversth.)(為某事)爭吵beyondargument無可爭辯的辨析argue,quarrel和discuss

(1)argue意為“爭論；辯論”，指舉出理由或事實來與對方爭辯，有“企圖說服對方”的含義。

(2)quarrel意為“爭吵；吵架；爭辯”，側重用“口角”方式爭執。

(3)discuss意為“討論”，指為了解決問題或弄清對方的觀點而交換意見。forwithintoagainstbeyond運用用適當的介詞或副詞填空

Theworkers,whoargued________theirownrights,argued_________thebossforafewdays,butfailedtoarguehim_________givingthemariseinwagesbecausethebossargued_________itandinsistedthatitwas________argumentthattheirpayhadalreadybeenOK.4．supportn．&

vt.支持；擁護

insupportofsb./sth.支持或支援某人/某事

givesupporttosb.支持或支援某人

supportafamily養家糊口

supportoneself自力更生

supportsb.in(doing)sth.在(做)某事方面支持某人

supportsb.bydoingsth.通過做某事支持某人

【寫作佳句】

Fromdawntodusk,heworks12hourstosupporthisfamily.從早到晚，為了支撐他的家庭，他工作12個小時。tosupportinof運用單句語法填空

(1)Hehadtodoanextrajobafterwork,forhehadabigfamily______________(support)．

(2)We'llsupportyouheartandsoul________yournewexperiment. (3)Onlyafewpeoplespokeinsupport________hisplanwhichmadehimverydisappointed.1．moveoff離開；起程；出發moveon繼續前進/進行moveout遷出；搬出movein遷進；搬進movealong移動一下；向前移動(以騰出空間)【名師指津】

move為及物動詞，意為“使某人激動、感動”，常用于短語be/feel(deeply)moved，表示“被(深深地)打動”。onoutoff運用用適當的介詞或副詞填空

(1)Wetalkedforawhileandthenmoved________toanotherhouse. (2)We'removing________ofouroldhousenextweek. (3)Whenwegottothestation,thetrainhadmoved________.2．lookdownupon/on蔑視；瞧不起lookonsb./sth.as＝considersb./sth.as把某人看作……lookon袖手旁觀lookinto調查；觀察lookup查閱(單詞、資料等)；向上看look(sb.)upanddown上下打量(某人)lookoutforsb./sth.警惕或留心某人/物【名師指津】(1)lookdownatsb./sth.意為“低頭看某人/物”。(2)lookdownupon/on的近義詞為turnupone'snoseat，意為“對……嗤之以鼻；看不起”。運用完成句子，每空一詞lookdownupon/on(1)因此，我們沒有理由輕視普通的工作。Therefore,thereisnoreasonforusto__________________________ordinaryjobs.lookedonas(2)他被認為是這個學科的權威人物。Heis________________________theleadingauthorityonthesubject.lookitupinadictionary

(3)如果你想知道一個詞的用法，就查詞典。

Ifyouwanttoknowhowawordisused,____________________________________________________.3．referto查閱；參考；談到；指的是

referto...as...把……稱為……；認為……是…… refersth.tosth.把……歸因于…… referencen．參考，參照；參閱

in/withreferenceto參照

【寫作佳句】

WhenIamfacedwithadifficulty,IusuallychoosetorefertorelevantlearningmaterialsorWebpages.當我面臨困難時，我常常選擇查閱相關的學習資料或網頁。reference運用

單句語法填空

(1)Thechildrenusuallyrefertothisoldteacher________grandpa. (2)Theperson____________(refer)tolastmeetinghasbeenarrested. (3)Thetextbooksanddictionariescanbeusedas__________(refer)bookswhilethemagazinesserveasreadingmaterials.asreferred4．comeacross＝runacross＝meetbychance(偶然)遇見；碰見comeabout＝happen發生comeout出現；開花；出版或發表；透露；顯出comeup升起；發生；出現comeupwithsth.找到或提出(答案、辦法等)【一句多譯】acrossoutwithabout

昨天她在百貨商店購物時，偶然碰到了自己的一位老朋友。

Shemetanoldfriendofhersyesterdaybychancewhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.

＝Shecameacrossanoldfriendofhersyesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.運用用適當的介詞或副詞填空(1)Icame________somenewwordswhilereading.(2)Hisnewbookwillcome________nextmonth.(3)Shecameup________anewideaforincreasingsales.(4)Canyoutellmehowtheaccidentcame________？原句1Untiltheneveryonehadthoughtchimpsateonlyfruitandnuts.直到那時，人人都以為猩猩只吃水果和堅果。 句中的hadthought意為“原以為；本以為”，表示虛擬的含義，表示與實際情況不同的猜想、看法等。有這類用法的動詞還有：hadplanned(原計劃；本來計劃)；hadexpected(本來希望;本來預料;本來期望);hadwished/hoped(本希望)；hadwanted(本想)。hadthoughthadplannedhadwanted運用單句語法填空

(1)IshouldnothavelaughedifI_____________(think)youwereserious. (2)I_____________(plan)togobackhomethisSunday,butIwastoobusy. (3)I_____________(want)toinviteyoutoourpartybutIdidn'tgetintouchwithyou.原句2OnceIstop,itallcomescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlaboratories.我一旦停下來，所有的一切都會涌上心頭，我就會想起實驗室里的黑猩猩。

once在此做連詞，意為“一……就……

；一旦……就……”，相當于assoonas，所引導的從句常用一般現在時來表示將要發生的動作。once還可做副詞，意為“一次；從前”，構成的常見短語有：allatonce(突然)；atonce(立刻，馬上)；onceinawhile(偶爾；有時)；onceuponatime(從前)。

注意：once

引導條件狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致，且從句的謂語動詞為be動詞時，或從句為“itbe”時，從句的“主語＋be”或“itbe”可以省略。運用完成句子，每空一詞(1)攻下這一難關，其他問題就好辦了。__________________________isovercome,otherproblemswillbeeasytosolve.Oncethisdifficulty

(2)一旦我們有共同的興趣，友誼便開始形成了。

________________________________________interest,afriendshipcanbegin.Oncewehaveacommon(3)這么多的好主意！太多了，我很難一下子完全吸收。Somanygoodideas!It'stoomuchformetoabsorball________________.atonce

(4)他偶爾來我們房中閑談。

Hecomestoourroomforachat________________________________.onceinawhile原句3Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthattime.突然我想起在那個年代，一個女子去學醫是多么困難啊。 句中使用了“Ithit(s)me＋從句”結構，意思是“我突然想到……”，it在句中做形式主語。類似的結構還有：

Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...(某人)突然想到…… Itstrikes/strucksb.that...(某人)突然想到…… Ithappens/happenedthat...碰巧……運用一句多譯，每空一詞我突然意識到我一直都在關注生活中錯誤的而不是正確的事情。hit/struckoccurredto

It____________methatIhadbeenpayingattentiontowhatwasgoingwrongwithmyliferatherthanwhatwasright.

＝It________________methatIhadbeenpayingattentiontowhatwasgoingwrongwithmyliferatherthanwhatwasright.

運用所學語言基礎知識，補充完整下面短文，并背誦下來

Hansisamanof1.____________(achieve)．Hehasdevotedallhislife2._____homelesschildrenandhisbehavior3.________(win)respectofall.Recently,Hanswasasked4._________(deliver)aspeechonthe5.__________(graduate)inHarvardUniversity.Hesaid，“6.________(care)forchildrenisanordinaryjob,butdon'tlookdown7._____________ordinaryjobs.OnceyoubegintodoachievementtohaswontodelivergraduationCaringupon/onsixtiesbestwithsomething,youmustkeeponwithit,otherwiseyouwillneverachieveanything.Onlywhenyouareinyour8._________(six)andlookingbackonyourlifewillyourealizewhetheryouhavedoneyour9.________(well)．Andonlywhenyoucansayyouhavetriedyourbestwillyoubecontent10.________yourlife.”閱讀理解(十二)閱讀理解四大題型之主旨大意題(2)：2．標題歸納題

對文章主旨大意的考查，不僅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出現，而且也可以用選擇或擬定文章標題的形式出現。因此，選擇文章標題，首先可以按照主旨大意的確定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定標題。選擇文章標題時應注意以下幾點：

首先，要考慮標題對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何。標題一般要求能覆蓋全文內容，體現文章主旨。要避免下列三種情況：(1)概括不夠(多表現為部分代替整體，從而導致范圍太小)；(2)過度概括(多表現為脫離文章內容的發揮)；(3)以事實、細節代替抽象、具體的大意。

其次，要考慮標題的針對性，即標題范圍要恰當，針對性強?？忌陂喿x原文的基礎上，仔細考慮所選標題與文章主題是否有密切的關系。標題既不能太大，也不能太小，太大則中心不突出，太小也發揮不了應起的作用；標題的精確度要高，不能隨意改變語言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是單詞、短語，也可以是句子。

再次，要注意標題的醒目性。選擇的標題要簡潔、突出、新穎。標題是文章的點睛之筆，是文章的靈魂和門面。標題的好壞往往影響了文章的可讀性，讀者常常從標題上決定文章的閱讀取舍。故標題一般比較醒目，甚至比較離奇，以此來吸引讀者對文章的興趣。

最后，要注意恰當地選好標題，還需要了解標題的基本擬定方法。一般說來，擬定標題是以話題為核心，將控制性概念的詞按一定的語法濃縮為概括主題句或中心思想的詞組。【例】(2017年新課標Ⅰ卷)

Someoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(聯合)voiceacrosscultures.Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

“Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite，”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan.“WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It'sactuallycolorful,andit'sactuallydigital.”Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame，”saysMoran.Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller'smusicforadanceparty,“JusttokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic，”saysMoran.“Forme,it'stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion(情感)lie?Arewe,ashumansgaininganyinsight(感悟)onhowtotalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext，”saysMoran,“soIwanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”31．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ExploringtheFutureofJazz.B．TheRiseandFallofJazz.C．TheStoryofaJazzMusician.D．CelebratingtheJazzDay.解析：A標題歸納題。通讀全文可知本文主要講UNESCO為提高人們對爵士樂的重視設立爵士日，但實際收效甚微。有人認為爵士樂應隨著時代的進步而進步，否則將失去吸引力。由此可知本文主要探索爵士樂的未來，故選A。

Ifaskedifspaceexplorationshouldcontinue,mostAmericanswouldgiveanimmediateresponseeitherinfavourofcontinuingorinfavourofendingspaceexploration.Acommonresponsewouldbethatspaceexplorationisawasteofmoney.AnaverageAmerican,uneducatedonthesubject,mightbelievethatthegovernmentiswastingbillionsofdollarsontheresearchthathasnovalue.Someonestrangetothesubjectmight