Unit1Period2ReviewUsefulStructures1.能夠理解、掌握被動語態的結構和用法。2.能夠在具體語境中正確并靈活運用被動語態。新課導入1．Sometreeswereplantedbytheriver.2．Thetaskwillbefinishednextyear.3．Tomisconsideredasagoodstudent.4．Hewasheardsinging.5．TheboyhasbeentakentoBeijing.Readthefollowingexamplesentencesandfocusontheunderlinedparts.WhatarethecommonpointsofthemTheyallconsistofpassivevoice.1Scanthereadingtextandunderlinealltheverbsinthepassivevoice.1.ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife,Claire.2.Clairedidn’twanttherobotinherhouse,especiallyasherhusbandwouldbeawayonabusinesstripforthreeweeks,butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.3.Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman,anditwassodisturbing.4.Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.—————————————————————————————5.Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops,hewroteoutalistofthingsthathewouldneedforhisworkonthehouse.6.Thesaleswomantherewasrudetoher,sosherangTonyandtoldhimshewasbeingtreatedbadly.7.Howawfultobediscoveredbyher,Clairethought.8.Bythattime,Tonyexpectedthatthehouse,whichwasbeingcompletely

transformed.________________________________________________________________________________WhyisthepassivevoiceusedThepassivevoiceisusedtofocusonthepersonorobjectthatexperiencesanactionratherthanthepersonorobjectthatperformstheaction.Itisusedwhenwedon’tknowtheperformer,ortheperformerisunimportant(andthereforeomitted),ortheperformeristobehighlighted(andthereforeplacedtowardtheend).

課堂學習ThePassiveVoice被動語態

語態是動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語動詞之間的關系。

英語動詞有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。

使用被動語態的句子，謂語動詞的形式是“be+動詞過去分詞”。1.常見時態的被動語態時態被動語態的構成例句一般現在時am/is/are+過去分詞Theschoolwallsarepaintedeveryyear.一般過去時was

/were+過去分詞Iwasinvitedtothetalkshowyesterday.一般將來時will/shall+be+過去分詞Thematterwillbelookedintointhefuture.現在完成時have/has+been+過去分詞Theshiphasbeenrepaired.現在進行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞Twomenarebeingquestionedbythepolice.過去進行時was

/were+being+過去分詞TheroadswerebeingbuiltwhenIpassedby.不定式的被動式當不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動形式。不定式的被動形式根據其與謂語動詞所表示的動作發生的先后順序，有一般式和完成式兩種形式。(1)一般式tobedone?Thesearethebookstobegivenouttothestudents.這些是要發給學生的書。?Heaskedtobesenttotheplacewherehewasmostneeded.他要求被派往最需要他的地方。(2)完成式tohavebeendonetohavebeendone表示不定式的動作先于謂語動詞的動作發生。?Thenovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.據說這部小說已被譯成多種語言。?Heappearedtohavebeenquestionedformanytimes.看來他已經被詢問過很多次了。過去進行時的被動式表示過去某個時刻正在進行或者發生的被動性的動作。過去進行時的被動語態構成：was/were+being+動詞的過去分詞。過去進行時態的被動語態的基本結構的構成：（1）過去進行時態的被動語態的肯定式為：

was/were+being+done。?Computerwasbeingmajoredbyhimduringhiscollege.

他那時正在大學學計算機專業。（2）過去進行時態的被動語態的否定式為：

was/were+not+being+done。?Themoviestarwasnotbeingstalkedbyafan.

那個電影明星正在被一個粉絲跟蹤.

（3）過去進行時態的被動語態的一般疑問句需將was/were提到主語的前面。（回答用yes或no）?Wasanewlibrarybeingputupintheirschooljustthen？他們學校當時正在建一座新圖書館嗎。（4）過去進行時態的被動語態的特殊疑問句為：疑問詞+was/were+(主語)+being+done。?Whatwasbeingdonetothemachine對這臺機器要采取了什么措施？過去進行時態的被動語態的用法：（1）過去進行時態的被動語態的同它的主動語態一樣，表示過去正在進行的被動動作。?Thisfilmisbeingshownnow.

這部電影正在被放映。（2）過去進行時態的被動語態一般不與表示一段時間的狀語或表示次數的狀語連用，這時需要用完成時態的被動語態。?Thehouseoverthereisbeingbuiltfortwomonths.

改成Thehouseovertherehasbeenbuiltfortwomonths.（3）少數及物動詞的的進行時表示按計劃、安排將要承受某個動作。?Somerockmusicisbeingplayedbythemnext.

下面將由他們演奏一些搖滾音樂。2.特殊結構的被動形式(1)雙賓動詞的被動結構

雙賓動詞變為被動結構時,一般將主動結構中的間接賓語變為被動結構中的主語,直接賓語不變。如將主動結構中的直接賓語變為被動結構中的主語,間接賓語之前則應加介詞to或for。

e.g.He

gave

her

some

money.

She

was

given

some

money.

Some

money

was

given

to

her.

(2)帶復合賓語的動詞的被動結構

帶復合賓語的動詞變被動語態時,一般將主動結構中的賓語變為被動結構中的主語,而將賓語補足語保留不動(這時的賓語補足語為主語補足語)。e.g.HisfathercalledhimJack.

HewascalledJackbyhisfather.

(3)帶情態動詞的被動語態，由“情態動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。e.g.Theproblemmaybesolvedinanumberofdifferentways.Inourschool,librarybooksmustbereturnedintwoweeks.(4)“be+過去分詞+不定式”的被動結構

e.g.Heisreportedtohavebrokenaworldrecord.Sheissaidtoknowthreelanguages.e.g.It’ssaidthatshehassomesupernaturalpowers.

It’sreportedthattheyhavediscoveredanewstar.常見的結構還有：Itisknownthat...眾所周知Itissuggestedthat...有人建議Itisbelievedthat...人們相信(5)“it+be+過去分詞+從句”式的被動結構

用來表示狀態或情況,常考的形式如：

getmarried

結婚

getengaged

訂婚

gethurt/wounded

受傷

getlost

迷路

getdrunk

喝醉了

getcaught/stuck/trapped

被困

getdressed

穿好衣服

getrunover

被(車)軋(6)“get+done”構成被動語態1)有些不及物動詞主動形式可表被動意義。a.某些連系動詞，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste

等。

Thefoodtastedbetterthanitlooked.b.某些與can’t,won’t等連用的不及物動詞，如move,lock,shut,open等。

Itcan'tmove.Thedoorwon'tshut.c.某些可與well,easily等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如read,write,wash等。

Mynewpenwriteswell.Theclothdoesn’twasheasily.3.主動形式表示被動意義2)非謂語動詞的某些主動形式表示被動意義a.在“be+形容詞+不定式”結構中，不定式表示的動作與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系時，用主動形式表示被動意義。常見形容詞有：cheap,easy,comfortable,difficult,hard,light,heavy,expensive,pleasant,interesting,fit等。

e.g.Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Volleyballisveryinterestingtowatch.b.在beworthdoing

和betoblame結構中，動詞-ing形式或動詞不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。

e.g.Thefilmiswellworthseeing.

ThepolicyispartlytoblameforcausingtheworstunemploymentinEurope.c.當want,need,require

表示“需要”時，其賓語可用動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義。

e.g.Thecarpetreallywantscleaning(=tobecleaned).Mosthouseplantsrequirewatering(=tobewatered).4.不能用于被動語態的情況注意1)謂語是及物動詞leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit,lack等。2)謂語是不可拆開的takeplace,consistof,loseheart,belongto等短語動詞。3)have在任何情況下都不能用于被動語態。選用括號內合適的內容完成下面句子。1.Theflight_______________(mustbebooked/mustbook)bytomorrow.2.Thetwins_____________(looklike

/arelookedlike)theirmother.3.She___________(invited/wasinvited)toJack’s16thbirthdaypartyinNewJersey.4.Thepizza________(tastes/istasted)deliciouswithoutanycheeseatall.5.Thecompanybelievestheproductswill________(sell/besold)wellintherun-uptoChristmas.6.Thestory________(reads/isread)well.7.WouldyoupleasekeepsilentTheweatherreport________________(isbroadcast/isbeingbroadcast)andIwanttolisten.8.ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture________(belongs/isbelonged)tothewell-educated.

mustbebookedlooklikewasinvited

tastessellreadsisbeingbroadcast

belongs2Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.1Whatisdonecannot_________.(undo)2Janet______________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould___________tothecakemix.(add)4A3,000-seatvenue__________________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)5Workingefficiency______________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)beundonewaselectedbeaddedwasbuilt/willbebuilthasbeenimproved6Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage____________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)7Itisagreathonourformeto____________toaddressthisinternationalAIconference.(invite)8WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman'ssalary________________________atthemeeting.(discuss)9WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExamination.Heisexpectedto______________toatopuniversity.(admit)isallowedbeinvitedwasbeingdiscussedbeadmittedThentrytotranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.1Whatisdonecannotbeundone.

譯：2Janetwaselected

chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.

譯：3Twohundredgrammesofflourshouldbeaddedtothecakemix.

譯：4A3,000-seatvenuewasbuilt/willbebuiltforthecircusperformanceinNovember.

譯：木已成舟。珍妮特上個月當選為學生會主席。蛋糕料里需要加入兩百克面粉。一個擁有三千座位，供馬戲表演使用的場地于十一月建成/將在十一月建成。5Workingefficiencyhasbeenimprovedsincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.譯：6Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggageisallowedforeacheconomyclasspassenger.譯：7ItisagreathonourformetobeinvitedtoaddressthisinternationalAIconference.譯：8WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman'ssalarywasbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.譯：9WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExamination.Heisexpectedtobeadmittedtoatopuniversity.譯：自從采用了新軟件，工作效率就提升了。經濟艙的乘客每人僅允許攜帶一件隨身行李。我很榮幸能被邀請在AI大會上發言。我進會議室的時候發現正在討論銷售員的薪水。使用轉化為盲文的高考試卷，一位高中的視障學生考取了630分（總分650）。他有望被一所名校錄取。3Readtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.exploretranslatediscoverregardrepresentsetuprecruitwritegetcaughtupconnectSciencefiction_____________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand___________.TheThree-BodyProblem,_________byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.TheworkwasfirstpublishedinaChinesesci-fimagazinein2006andprintedasathree-volumebookin2008.Whenthefirstvolume_________________intoEnglishbyChinese-AmericanauthorKenLiu,itattractedattentionaroundtheworld,becomingthefirstAsianwinnerof