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Theboysitting

byadogisfat.Thehousebeingbuilt

inthestreetisashop.A

hurricane

struck

the

city,causing

muchdamage.

Playingthepianoisveryinteresting.ThismusicisinterestingBabiesareinterestedinmusic.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimselfremindedofhisowndreams.Hedeterminedtorescue

histwopartners1.admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keepmind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggestburstout,can’tstand,endup,giveup,feellike,keepon,insiston,lookforwardto,putoff,devote...to,objectto,bebusy(in),getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),

haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)2.afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,managepromise,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish3.tell,want,wish,advise,order,require,expect,remind,persuade,encourage,convince,force,beg,allow,forbidfeel,hear,see,watch,notice,observehave,let,make,keep,leave,

常考點1.非謂語作狀語2.非謂語作定語3.非謂語作賓語

admit,avoid,appreciate,allow,imagine,mind,practice

agree,promisechoose,pretend,fail,manage,demand4.非謂語做賓補get,have,make,leave,keep,see,hear,…5.非謂語與獨立主格結構6.非謂語與with復合結構7.非謂語與狀語從句的省略1.see,hear,notice,observe,watch,listento,lookat,have,keep,leave,find,catch,feelleave后接三種形式作賓補時,意為“使……處于某種狀態”。a.~sb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事〔賓語和賓補之間是主謂關系表示動作正在進行〕b.~sth.undone留下某事未做leave〔賓語和賓補之間是動賓關系,表示被動和完成,一般以undone.unfinished,unsettled,untouched為多〕c.~sb.todosth.留下某人做某事d.~sth.tobedone留下某事要做〔不定式表示將來的動作〕It’swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched,becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.Heleft,leavingmetodoalltherestwork.have,get后接三種形式作賓補時,其中have,get表示“使、讓、叫”之意。〔1〕havesth.done=getsth.done“使/讓某事由別人去做”。I’llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.【注】havesth.done還表示“使遭受……”之意。Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.過關落實1.—Thelastone________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

2.Ismellsomething________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt3.Atthebeginningoftheclass,thenoiseofdesks________couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose4.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless________everyday.A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater5.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea________.A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair

6.Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad________homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking7.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking

8.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched9.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork________mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled

10.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not________,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmoved11.Ican’tstand________withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop12.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly________thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.tobetoldB.totellC.toldD.telling13.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.A.toacceptB.acceptC.acceptingD.accepted

14.RussandEarlwereautomechanics________thesamepay,butEarlhadmoreambition.A.toearnB.tohaveearnedC.earningD.earned15.InthedreamPetersawhimself______byafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenlywithastart.A.chasedB.tobechasedC.bechasedD.havingbeenchased

(八)非謂語動詞一、動詞不定式1.動詞不定式的句法功能

(1)不定式作主語

ToknowsomethingaboutEnglishisonething;toknowEnglishisquiteanother.

此時,常用it作形式主語,而把不定式放在句子的后部。

Itisn’teasyforhertofindanewjob.(2)不定式作賓語①不定式可作某些動詞的賓語,常見的動詞有:afford,

agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,manage,

promise,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish等。

Ipromisednottobelate.②介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語時,如前面有實義動詞do,不定式就要省略to。

Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Theydidnothingbutcomplain.(3)不定式作賓語補足語①某些動詞如tell,want,wish,advise,order,require,

expect,remind,persuade,encourage,convince,force,beg,

allow,forbid等后可接不定式作賓語補足語。

Mydoctoradvisedmetotakearest.②某些感官動詞如feel,hear,see,watch,notice,observe等或使役動詞如have,let,make等后面可接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。但如果句子變成被動語態時,就必須帶to符號。

Didyounoticeanyonegointothehouse?Wasanyonenoticedtogointothehouse?③某些動詞如find,feel,think,expect,consider,make等后可接不定式作賓語,但賓語后要接形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語,而且要用it作形式賓語。Newsservicesmakeitpossiblefornewspaperstogivetheirreadersnewsfromaroundtheworld.(4)不定式作定語DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish?①作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等,不定式后面須有相應的介詞。Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.②不定式作定語一般表示將來的動作,但修飾有序數詞或形容詞最高級限定的名詞時,那么表示已完成的動作。Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.(5)不定式作狀語①不定式一般作目的狀語,還可用短語inorderto或soasto。Hesatdowntohavearest.②不定式有時可作結果狀語,表示意想不到的結果,還可用onlyto。Heleft,nevertoreturn.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.③不定式可用在以下句子中表示結果:Hewassocarelessastoforgettolockthedoor.④不定式可作評注性狀語,用以修飾整個句子。

Tobehonest,Iknownothingaboutit.(6)不定式作表語

Thefirststepistocheckthevictim’sbreathing.AllIdidwas(to)pressthebutton.(7)“疑問詞+不定式”在句中可充當主語、表語、賓語。

Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisnotknownyet.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.【注】此時不可用iftodo結構。2.不定式的時態和語態時態主動語態被動語態一般時todotobedone進行時tobedoing完成時tohavedonetohavebeendone(1)不定式的時態①不定式的一般式表示將來要發生的動作或表示一種狀態。

Iwishtofinishmybusinessandgetaway.Hepretendedtobeasleepwhenhismothercamein.②不定式的進行式表示不定式動作仍在進行之中。

Ithappenedtoberaininghardwhentheaccidentoccurred.③不定式的完成式表示不定式動作已完成或發生在句子的謂語動詞之前。Heisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthetelephone.(2)不定式的語態當不定式與自己的邏輯主語之間是主動關系時,用主動語態;如果是被動關系那么用被動語態。Herefusedtogoabroad.Herefusedtobetakenabroad.【注】以下情況下不定式用主動形式表達被動意義:①不定式作定語時。Shehasasistertolookafter.②不定式放在形容詞之后時。Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.③個別動詞用在“be+不定式”結構中表將來或應該時。Ithinkheistoblame.我認為他應該受到責備。3.不定式的省略問題有時為了防止重復,不定式可用省略形式,但常常要保存不定式符號to。這種情況常出現在動詞expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try或beglad,behappy或wouldlike/love等后面。如果不定式中含有be,have,havebeen時,這些詞也可保存。Ihaven’tbeentoHongKong,butIwishto.“Ididn’ttellhimthenews.”“Oh,yououghttohave.”二、動名詞1.動名詞的功能(1)動名詞作主語Watchingthemisathrillingexperience.【注】有時用it作形式主語,而把動詞的-ing形式放在句子的后部。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(2)動名詞作賓語①以下動詞后只能接動名詞作賓語,不可接不定式作賓語:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等。Iadmitbreakingthewindow.②以下短語后要接動名詞作賓語:burstout,can’tstand,endup,giveup,feellike,keepon,insiston,lookforwardto,putoff,devote...to,objectto,bebusy(in),getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)等。Hedidn’twanttoendupgoinghomealone.③以下動詞或短語后接不定式和動名詞作賓語時,意義上有所不同。Remembertoposttheletterformeonyourwaytoschool.請你在上學的路上記住替我把這封信寄出去。IrememberturningoffthelightbeforeIlefttheoffice.我記得在離開辦公室前關上了燈。④動詞like,love,prefer,hate,continue等后接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。但如表示經常性的動作要用動名詞,如表示具體的行為要用不定式。Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.⑤動詞allow,advise,forbid,permit等后接動名詞作賓語,但要接不定式作賓語補足語。Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.⑥動詞need,require,want作“需要”解時,其后要用動名詞的主動語態或不定式的被動語態作賓語。Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.⑦形容詞worth后要接動名詞的主動語態表達被動意義,它不同于worthy的用法。Theplaceisworthvisiting.Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited/tobevisited.⑧介詞后要接動名詞作賓語。

Whatdoyoumeanbysayingthat?Icongratulatedthemongettingmarried.(3)動名詞作表語

Myhobbyisgrowingflowers.(4)動名詞作定語

Hehadaveryexpensivewalkingstick.2.動名詞的時態和語態主動語態被動語態一般時doingbeingdone完成時havingdonehavingbeendoneHewentawaywithoutsayinganything.Hecameintotheroomwithoutbeingseen.I’msorryforhavingwastedsomuchofyourtime.IforgothavingbeengivenaChristmasgiftyearsago.3.動名詞的復合結構動名詞之前有時要加上自己的邏輯主語構成復合結構,邏輯主語可用名詞的所有格或物主代詞,有時也可用名詞或賓格代詞。

Ican’timagineGeorgesailingacrosstheoceaninaboat.Mycomingbackhomelatemademymotherveryangry.三、分詞1.現在分詞的功能(1)現在分詞作賓語補足語以下動詞后可接現在分詞作賓補:see,hear,notice,observe,watch,listento,lookat,have,keep,leave,find,catch,feel等。Shekeptmewaitingforover20minutes.【注】如果句子改為被動語態,那么現在分詞那么變為主語補足語。Theboywascaughtcheatingintheexam.(2)現在分詞作表語Themovieisveryboring.(3)現在分詞作定語現在分詞作定語時,通常表示與先行詞之間是主動關系。Thetaxitakingustotheairportbrokedown.【注】

beingdone形式表示正在進行中的動作,且與先行詞之間是被動關系。

Thehousebeingbuiltwillserveasalibrary.

正在建的那座房子將作為圖書館用。

(4)現在分詞作狀語①現在分詞作狀語時,可表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。此時,現在分詞的邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語,而且現在分詞與句子的主語之間一般具有邏輯上的主謂關系。

Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.Jackcamerunningover.【注】如果現在分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語,就要用分詞的獨立主格結構。

Weatherpermitting,we’llplaygolfthisafternoon.Weexploredthecave,Peteractingasaguide.②現在分詞還可作評注性狀語,表示說話人的態度,此時現在分詞與句子的主語無關。常見的說法有:generallyspeaking“一般來說”;franklyspeaking“坦白地說”;judgingfrom...“根據……

來判斷”;considering...“考慮到……”等。

Consideringthedistance,hearrivedveryquickly.2.現在分詞的時態和語態主動語態被動語態一般時doingbeingdone完成時havingdonehavingbeendoneNotknowingheraddress,Iwasn’tabletocontacther.IsawhimbeingtakenawaywhenIpassedbyhishouse.Havingboughtourtickets,wewentintothetheatre.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.3.過去分詞過去分詞一般在句中作賓補、表語、定語和狀語,通常表示已完成的被動動作或一種狀態。

You’dbetterhavethetelevisionrepaired.Someofthepeopleinvitedtothepartycan’tcome.Theteachercameintothelab,followedbysomestudents.Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.Hestoodinfrontoftheroomwithhisarmsfolded.四、不定式被動式、過去分詞和現在分詞的被動式作定語1.過去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語所表示的動作之前發生,或是沒有一定的時間性。

HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?2.現在分詞的被動式作定語時表示的動作正在發生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生。

Listen!Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.3.不定式的被動式作定語時,表示一個未來的動作。Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.五、分詞、不定式作賓語補足語的區別1.感官動詞(see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,notice等)和使役動詞have后面的賓補有三種形式,即原形動詞(不帶to的不定式),現在分詞和過去分詞。現在分詞表主動或正在進行,過去分詞表被動或完成,動詞原形表主動和完成。IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.剛剛我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.昨天經過她房間時,我聽見她在唱英文歌。IheardtheEnglishsongsungmanytimes.我屢次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。2.leave后接三種形式作賓補時,意為“使……處于某種狀態”。sb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事〔賓語和賓補之間是主謂關系表示動作正在進行〕sth.undone留下某事未做leave〔賓語和賓補之間是動賓關系,表示被動和完成,一般以undone.unfinished,unsettled,untouched為多〕sb.todosth.留下某人做某事sth.tobedone留下某事要做〔不定式表示將來的動作〕It’swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched,becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.Heleft,leavingmetodoalltherestwork.3.have,get后接三種形式作賓補時,其中have,get表示“使、讓、叫”之意。〔1〕havesth.done=getsth.done“使/讓某事由別人去做”。I’llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.【注】havesth.done還表示“使遭受……”之意。Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.【注】“havesb.doing”假設用于否認句中,其中have有“容忍”之意。Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourparentslikethat.Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt.Ican’tgethimtostopsmoking.Hewon’tlistentome.六、注意以下表達的意義區別過關落實1.—Thelastone________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

解析:不定式toarrive作thelastone的后置定語,表示“最后來的那個人”。答案:C2.Ismellsomething________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt解析:強調“聞到某物正在燃燒”,選擇v.-ing形式,且此處burn為不及物動詞,因此不用被動形式。答案:A3.Atthebeginningoftheclass,thenoiseofdesks________couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose解析:句中意為“桌子(抽屜)正在被翻開、關上的聲音”,強調動作正在進行,用beingdone。答案:C4.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless________everyday.A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater

解析:unlesswatered作條件狀語,表示條件,water因和主語

(theflowers)為動賓關系,故用過去分詞形式。答案:A5.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea________.A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair

解析:主語中分數修飾的名詞為復數(thebuildings),故排除

B、C;needdoing等于needtobedone,表示被動。答案:A6.Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad________homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking解析:havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難,固定句型,在本句中difficulty提前了。答案:D7.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking解析:regret+v.-ing形式表示懊悔做過某事;v.-ing形式的否定式在其前面加not。答案:D8.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched

解析:havingbeenlaunched等于whichhasbeenlaunched,表示“已經被發射”。答案:B9.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withso

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