非謂語動詞不定式動名詞現在分詞過去分詞主動被動一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing無語態時態不定式的時態和語態主動被動一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone語態時態現在分詞/動名詞的時態和語態非謂語動詞考點歸納:1.非謂語動詞的時態與語態；2.非謂語動詞的否認式；3.不定式符號的省略及疑問結構；4.動詞不定式的各種形式及應用；5.-ing結構的各種形式及應用；

6.-ed結構在句中的不同用法；7.非謂語動詞作賓語、定語、表語等的辨析；8.非謂語動詞的固定結構或習慣用法等。

作動詞賓語時，兩種結構在意義上有時差異很大，這樣的動詞有：remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,mean,try等。remember/forget/regret+doing表已經發生的動作remember/forget/regret+todo表動作還沒有發生allow/permit/advisesb.todoallow/permit/advisedoingfeellikedoing/wouldliketodo想做……/要做……setaboutdoing/setouttodo開始做……preferdoingtodoingwouldratherdothandoprefertodoratherthando寧愿……而不愿usedtodo過去經常做……beusedtodo被用來做……be/getusedtodoing養成做……習慣can’thelp(to)do不能幫助做……can’thelpdoing止不住地做……can’thelpbutdo不得不在theonly,序數詞thefirst,thesecond…thelast或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞后用不定式作定語.Lindawastheonlyonetostayforthewholeperformance.Theyoungestpersontoentertheprogrammewasjustfourteen.不定式的完成式表示沒有實現的愿望expect,intend,hope,mean,plan,promise,suppose,think,want,wishIintendedtohavecometoseeyou.Ihadintendedtocometoseeyou.wouldliketohavedone…在動詞want,require,need等后動名詞作賓語時〔=tobedone)，用物作主語.Thewallneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).Iwanttogotothebarber’sbecausemyhairwantscutting(=tobecut).在worth后用動名詞主動形式，在worthy后用動名詞被動形式。例：Thefilmisworthseeing.=Thefilmisworthyofbeingseen.=Thefilmisworthytobeseen.but/except+todo/do結構，要根據謂語動詞來確定其后面的形式。當謂語動詞是do,does,did時，but后用動詞原形；謂語動詞是其他動詞時，but后用“to+動詞原形〞的形式。havenochoice/alternativebuttodocandonothingbutdo帶動名詞的句子結構1.Itisnouse(useless,nogood,nofun,awasteoftime)doingsth.2.Thereisnodenyingthat…無可否認Thereisnodenyingthatyouhavemadegreatachievementsinyourarea.to后接動詞時，to是不定式符號，應該接原形動詞，to是介詞應要接動名詞。這一點一定要判斷清楚。在“getdownto開始做…；lookforwardto盼望…；stickto堅持做…；leadto導致…；devoteoneselfto獻身于…;bedevotedto獻身于…；payattentionto注意…；objectto反對做…〞中，to都是介詞，其后面應該接動名詞。動名詞的復合結構,可在句中做主語或賓語。邏輯主語是有生命的名詞,作主語時,必須用名詞或代詞的所有格;其他情況都可用普通格.Mybrother’scominglatemadetheteacherangry.TheyinsistonTom’sstayinglonger.

(Tomstaying)Pleaseexcusemysayingso.

(mesaying)分詞的兩個結構否認結構：not+分詞例如：Nothavingknownhisaddress,Ididn’twritetohim.復合結構〔獨立主格結構〕有兩種形式：〔1〕名詞〔代詞主格〕+分詞〔只作狀語〕〔2〕with+名詞〔代詞賓格〕+分詞〔作狀語或定語〕例：1)Theday’sworkdone,theywenthome.他們做完一天的工作就回家了。2)Hesattherewithhisfeetpointingtoothers.

他坐在那兒把腳指向別人。獨立主格結構放在句首不能誤當成并列句，分詞作狀語放在句末不能誤當成并列謂語。Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.Thestudentsworkedinthefields,_____.(laughedandtalked,/laughingandtalking).為了使概念更明確，在分詞前可以用when,while,if,once,unless,asif,than,as這些連詞。例:Iwillgoifinvited(=ifIaminvited).“使……怎么樣〞之類的動詞〔amuse,astonish,excite,frighten,interest,move,relax,satisfy,shock,surprise,encourage,disappoint,puzzle,tire,please,inspire,terrify,worry〕，它們的ing形式表示主動，而過去分詞表示被動。一般情況下“人〞用過去分詞，“物〞用ing形式。常用幾個動詞的結構及意義

want+doing〔表示被動〕/wantsth.tobedone〔表示被動〕wantsb.todo〔表示主動〕makesth.done〔表示被動〕/makesb.do〔表示主動〕havesth.+todo有…可做+sb.+do叫某人做…+sth.+done叫別人做…+sb.+doing讓…一直做…getsb.todo叫…做…getsth.done使…發生;完成…getsth.doing

使…發動;開始…getthecarmovingcatch+賓語+doing看見某人在做…seat/dress這兩個動詞后如有賓語用現在分詞，反之用過去分詞。include/consider這兩個動詞如果放在名詞之前用現在分詞，名詞之后用過去分詞。missing/remaining作“喪失的〞和“剩下的〞講，只有現在分詞形式；left作“剩下的〞講只能放名詞后或代詞后。例如：Wewentthere,includingourboss./Wewentthere,ourbossincluded.一些只用現在分詞形式的固定結構：generally/seriouslyspeaking,judgingfrom(by)…但totellthetruth,tobesure,tobeexact要用不定式。spokenEnglish是“英語口語〞，而English-speaking是“講英語的……〞后面一般接名詞，它是個形容詞。open作形容詞用是“開著的〞，而“關著的〞是closed。形容詞close是指“距離〞，不是“關著的〞意思。Heusedtosleepwithallthewindowsopen.比較：Heusedtosleepwithallthewindowsclosed.幾組易錯的現在分詞、過去分詞lievi.laylainlying躺liev.liedliedlying撒謊

lay

vi.laidlaidlaying放；下蛋found

vt.foundedfounded成立find

vt.foundfound發現windwoundwound盤旋;蜿蜒woundwoundedwounded受傷riseviroserisen上升raisevt.raisedraised上升

fall

vi.fellfallen落下feel

vt.feltfelt摸；感覺hang

vi.hunghung懸掛hang

vt.hangedhanged絞死lightvt.lit〔一般作謂語〕lightlighted〔作定語〕燃著的burnvt./vi.burnt燒焦的burning正在燃燒的1.Hearingthenews,tearscameintohereyes.

Whensheheardthenews,tearscame……..Hearingthenews,sheburstintotears.2.

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthecouldn’tunderstandit.Hehadbeentoldtwice,buthecouldn’t.……Havingbeentoldtwice,hecouldn’t…......

Thoughhehadbeentoldtwice,hecouldn’t..xx1.MorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,____advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.(EMT05)A.havingbeentakenB.takenC.havingtakenD.taking2.Generallyspeaking,____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(EMT03)A.whentakingB.whentotakeC.whentobetakenD.whentakenKeysDDKeysCB3.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,______.(EMT04)A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.anemergencymeasurewastakenC.thetallbuildingcollapsedD.warningsweregiventotourists4.Theflowers_____sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstobethebeautyofnature.(EMT04)A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt5.Though_____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.(EMT02)A.lackedB.lackingofC.LackingD.lackedin6.Thebell____theendtheperiodrang,_____ourheateddiscussion.(EMT01)A.indicating,interruptingB.indicated,interruptingC.indicating,interruptedD.indicated,interruptedKeysCAKeysAD7.Thedisc,digitally___inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.(EMT04)A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded8.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases___onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(EMT02)A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known1.Shedidn’tgeteverythingreadyandwasverysorryto___________________.2._____________________,Joansucceededindoingherexperiment.3.Hebecame______________ofhisjobanddecidedtogiveitupandfindanewone.4._____________________,Ireallydidn’tknowwhattodonext.havekeptmewaitingHelpedbyherteacherverytiredofConfusedbyhiswordsvery,tireofconfuse,hiswordsvery,inspirekeep,sb.waitface,eachotherhelp,teachermakeoneself,understandhave,sth.,repair5.TheTVsetisoutoforderandheisgoingto________________rightnow.6.Theysat_________________,butdidn’tsayanything.7.Weallfoundhisspeech____________.8.Theforeignerspokeveryslowlyandclearlyto______