學(xué)前兒童發(fā)展心理學(xué)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Introduction:Developmentalpsychologyofpreschoolchildrenisacorecourserequiredforvocationalcolleges'earlychildhoodeducationmajors.Itisanimportantbasiccourseforearlychildhoodeducationmajorsandhasalwaysheldaspecialpositioninthecurriculumofthismajor.Thecourseaimstoenablelearnerstounderstandandmasterthebasictheoriesofpreschoolchildren'spsychologicaldevelopment,formacorrectviewofchildren,understandthebasicmethodsofresearchingchildren'spsychology,andformpreliminaryabilitiestounderstandandstudychildren'spsychology,layingafoundationforfutureworkinearlychildhoodeducationandresearch.Themainobjectsofstudyinthiscourseincludethefollowingtwoaspects:1.Thegenerallawsofpsychologicaldevelopmentofchildrenaged0-6;2.Thedevelopmentofpsychologicalprocessesandpersonalitiesduringearlychildhood.Studyingpreschoolpsychologycanhelpstudentswhowillengageinearlychildhoodeducationunderstandthecharacteristicsofpreschoolpsychology,organizeeducationalactivitiesmorescientificallyandeffectively,andisanessentialbasiccourseforearlychildhoodeducationmajors,highlightingtheprofessionalcharacteristicsofearlychildhoodeducation.CourseObjectives:I.GeneralObjectives:Thiscourseaimstoenablestudentstograspthenecessarypsychologicalknowledgeforkindergartenteachingwork,especiallytheagecharacteristicsanddevelopmentaltrendsofpreschoolpsychology,andgraduallyestablishaprofessionalmindsetoflovingearlychildhoodeducationandimprovingtheirownquality.II.KnowledgeObjectives:1.Masterthebasiclawsofthesystematicdevelopmentofpreschoolchildren'sphysicalandmentalhealthandrelatedtheoreticalknowledge.2.Mastertheclassictheoriesoffamouspsychologistsathomeandabroadandrelatedteachingactivities.3.Havetheabilitytoinnovateineducationreform.4.Beabletoapplytheoreticalknowledgetoguidespecificeducationalandteachingpracticesandestablishacorrectviewofchildren.III.SkillObjectives:1.Understandthepsychologicalcharacteristicsofchildrenandguidespecificeducationalandteachingpractices.2.Masterthecharacteristicsandlawsofpreschoolpsychologydevelopment,andcreateapsychologicalspacesuitableforchildren'sdevelopment.3.Havetheabilitytoinnovateineducationreforminactualteaching.4.Self-learningnewknowledgeandhaveteamworkability.IV.QualityObjectives:1.Masterthecharacteristicsandlawsofpreschoolpsychology,establishacorrectviewofchildren,anddoagoodjobinearlychildhoodeducation.2.Possessgoodprofessionalethics,advancededucationalandteachingconcepts,andhaveprofessionalenthusiasmandlove.3.Havetheabilitytotransformandtransmitknowledgeandcultivatestudents,providemoresuitableexternalandpsychologicalenvironmentsforchildren'sdevelopment.4.Throughlearningthiscourse,haveadialecticalmaterialistideology,enrichandenrichthegeneraltheoryofpsychology.ContentStandards:Chapter1:IntroductionChapter2:Basictheoriesofpreschoolchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentChapter3:EmotionaldevelopmentofpreschoolchildrenChapter4:CognitivedevelopmentofpreschoolchildrenChapter5:LanguagedevelopmentofpreschoolchildrenChapter6:SocialdevelopmentofpreschoolchildrenChapter7:PersonalitydevelopmentofpreschoolchildrenTeachingRequirements:1.Understandtheconceptofpsychology,preschoolpsychology,andpreschoolpsychology.2.Masterthebasictheoriesofpreschoolchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentandrelatedresearchmethods.3.Understandthecharacteristicsandlawsofpreschoolchildren'semotional,cognitive,language,social,andpersonalitydevelopment.4.Applytheoreticalknowledgetoguidespecificeducationalandteachingpractices.建議：1.應(yīng)注重模擬實(shí)際工作情境，采用多種方法提高學(xué)生解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的綜合能力，如掛圖、多媒體、錄像、案例分析和實(shí)習(xí)等。2.教師應(yīng)重視實(shí)踐，更新觀念，探索新方法和新模式，為學(xué)生提供自主發(fā)展的時(shí)間和空間，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生提升職業(yè)素養(yǎng)和創(chuàng)新能力。評(píng)價(jià)建議：1.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成個(gè)性化的學(xué)習(xí)方式，養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，以學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)為評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2.采用形成性評(píng)價(jià)和總結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)相結(jié)合的方式，注重平時(shí)采分，同時(shí)以期末考試方式考核理論知識(shí)。課程資源開(kāi)發(fā)和利用：1.利用現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)多媒體資源，搭建多維、動(dòng)態(tài)、活躍、自主的課程訓(xùn)練平臺(tái)，充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主動(dòng)性、積極性和創(chuàng)造性。2.積極利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源，使教學(xué)內(nèi)容從單一化向多元化轉(zhuǎn)變，拓展學(xué)生的知識(shí)和能力。3.利用幼兒園實(shí)訓(xùn)中心，將教學(xué)與實(shí)訓(xùn)相結(jié)合，滿足學(xué)生綜合職業(yè)能力培養(yǎng)的要求。編寫建議：1.介紹基礎(chǔ)理論、知識(shí)和方法，注重理論結(jié)合實(shí)踐，解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題。2.從學(xué)生實(shí)際出發(fā)，深入淺出，通俗易懂，突出重點(diǎn)，生動(dòng)有趣。3.考慮學(xué)生適應(yīng)未來(lái)變化的新形勢(shì)的需要，增加聲像部分，注意教材的時(shí)代性。4.將幼兒心理、學(xué)生心理、教師心理和家長(zhǎng)心理統(tǒng)一起來(lái)，相互銜接，相互補(bǔ)充。附錄：1.注意是一種心理狀態(tài)，指向性和集中性是兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)。2.感覺(jué)是指人腦對(duì)刺激物個(gè)別屬性的反應(yīng)，與生理作用相關(guān)，包括視、聽(tīng)、嗅、味、膚、動(dòng)與平衡覺(jué)等。3.知覺(jué)是指人腦對(duì)事物整體的反應(yīng)，以感覺(jué)為基礎(chǔ)，但不是簡(jiǎn)單相加，而是對(duì)信息的加工。它受經(jīng)驗(yàn)影響，因此對(duì)同一事物的知覺(jué)可能不同。4.記憶是指人腦對(duì)過(guò)去經(jīng)驗(yàn)的識(shí)記、保持和恢復(fù)的過(guò)程，包括識(shí)記、保持和恢復(fù)三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，其中恢復(fù)又分為再認(rèn)和再現(xiàn)兩種形式。5.表象是指過(guò)去感知而當(dāng)前沒(méi)有作用于感覺(jué)器官的事物在頭腦中出現(xiàn)的形象。根據(jù)加工創(chuàng)造的程度，表象可分為記憶表象和想象表象兩種，還可分為具體表象和符號(hào)表象兩種。6.想象是對(duì)頭腦中已有的表象進(jìn)行改造，建立新形象的過(guò)程。它具有形象性和新穎性，主要處理圖形信息，是以直觀的形式呈現(xiàn)在人們頭腦中的表征，不是詞或符號(hào)。形成的新形象可以是未曾感知過(guò)的，還可以是現(xiàn)實(shí)中不存在甚至不可能有的形象，但都是對(duì)客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的反映。7.思維是指人腦對(duì)客觀事物的概括和間接的反映，基本特點(diǎn)是間接性和概括性。8.言語(yǔ)是個(gè)人使用語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程，包括理解別人運(yùn)用的和自己運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程。通過(guò)言語(yǔ)活動(dòng)互相交往，交流思想。兒童言語(yǔ)發(fā)展，首先表現(xiàn)在掌握語(yǔ)言的能力不斷提高，能夠越來(lái)越完善地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言來(lái)和別人交往。9.性格是表現(xiàn)在人對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的態(tài)度和慣常的行為方式中的比較穩(wěn)定的心理特征。性格的特點(diǎn)包括對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)穩(wěn)定的