高考英語書面表達高分秘訣之高級詞匯替換在高考作文閱卷過程中，老師會對一些“高級”詞匯尤為偏愛。但是，大多數同學根本不具備單詞升級意識，一想到“好”，就是“good”;一想到“壞”，就是“bad”;一想到“美麗”就是“beautiful”。當老師一天批閱上千份“內容相同、語言低齡”的作文時，她的痛苦感受可想而知。因此，你一定要避免這些“低能詞匯”，讓自己的詞匯升級、升級再升級!那么，什么樣的單詞最能夠吸引閱卷老師的好感?【原則一：晚詞優先】(關注公眾號:麥田筆墨；獲取更多干貨）老師偏愛“學得晚”的單詞，因為使用學得比較晚的單詞，可以體現一個人“學以致用”的意識。如果一個意思既可以用初中單詞來表達，又可以用高二、高三單詞來表達，那盡量選擇高二、高三的單詞，如：(1)Adj.困難的黯然低分詞：difficult閃光高分詞：challenging有挑戰性的(2)Adj.重要的黯然低分詞：important閃光高分詞：vital至關重要的;essential必不可少的;significant有重要意義的;(3)Adj.美麗的黯然低分詞：beautiful閃光高分詞：appealing動人的;attractive吸引人的;charming迷人的;fascinating迷人的注：以上五個詞既能修飾人，又能修飾物，非常好用，務必記熟!【原則二：短語優先】在閱卷老師看來，活用短語是一個考生能力的體現。因此，我們可以掌握一些將某些常見單詞轉化為短語的用法，如：(4)v.參加黯然低分詞：join閃光高分詞：takepartin(5)v.使用黯然低分詞：use閃光高分詞：makegooduseof(6)v.拜訪黯然低分詞：visit閃光高分詞：payavisitto(7)最常見的換詞手段：形容詞=of+同根名詞黯然低分詞：閃光高分詞：黯然低分詞：閃光高分詞：veryimportant重要的ofgreatimportanceveryharmful有害的ofgreatharmverydifficult困難的ofgreatdifficultyveryvaluable有價值的ofgreatvalueverybeautiful美麗的ofgreatbeautyverysignificant至關重要的ofgreatsignificanceveryuseful有用的ofgreatuseverynecessary必要的ofgreatnecessityveryhelpful有幫助的ofgreathelp【原則三：“具體化”單詞優先】請先對比以下幾組句子：【例句1】Igotoschooleveryday.【例句2】Iridetoschooleveryday.在課堂上，筆者經常以這兩個句子為例，講解“具體化”的重要性。很多同學都能感覺到例句2要比例句1好。究其原因，是例句2中的rode比例句1中的went更加具體：went只表達了“去”的意思，而rode不但表達出“去”的意思，還能表達出具體的交通方式。也就是說，例句2表達的信息量比例句1更加豐富。再如：【例句3】MrWangisagoodteacher.【例句4】MrWangisakind,patientandknowledgeableteacher.例句3只表達出MrWang是一個“好”老師，而到底“好”在哪些方面，卻沒有具體說清楚;例句4則清楚地告訴讀者，MrWang好在三個方面：和藹(kind)、耐心(patient)以及知識豐富(knowledgeable)。因此，我們必須學會換用更為具體的單詞表達我們的思想，如：(8)adj.學習黯然低分詞：learn閃光高分詞：research研究;pickup偶然學到，順便學到，輕松學到;master掌握(9)n.好老師黯然低分詞：agoodteacher閃光高分詞：akind,patientandknowledgeableEnglishteacher當然，除了替換某些表意抽象的單詞，我們還可以通過增加細節成分，使表達更為具體，如，例句2可以加上同伴、心情等信息，進一步改寫成：【例句5】I，togetherwithTomandJerry,rodetotheZhongshanparkyesterday，feelingratherexcited.同樣的，例句4也可以加上一個定語從句，寫出MrWang到底擅長哪些事情，如：【例句6】MrWangisakind,patientandknowledgeableteacherwhoknowshowtoenlightenusstudents.可以看到，例句5和例句6兩個句子采用“具體化”的手段，將原本毫無生氣的句子頓時變得生動形象了。綜上所述，想讓你的表達“具體化”，一共有兩種常用方法，其一，是換掉某些表意不明確的單詞，換上表意更加明確具體的單詞;其二，是在句中適當增加細節成分。“具體化”的好處，是讓句子的含義更加豐富，讓讀者更容易由句子展開豐富的聯想，隨著作者一起經歷、一起思考、一起感動。在平時的學習、訓練中，與其生硬地使用超綱詞匯，不如好好熟悉大綱單詞，用好“具體化”的兩種方法，為你的作文增光添彩。事實上，“具體化”在漢語寫作中也有同樣的體現。比如，要表達“惜別”的感情，光說“再見”是不夠的，應該像詩人那樣，用具體化的細節帶動感情，寫出夢幻般的文字：“讓我與你握別/再輕輕抽出我的手/知道思念從此生根/浮云白日/山川莊嚴溫柔...”這就是“具體化”的作用，你體會到了嗎?(關注公眾號:麥田筆墨；獲取更多干貨）【原則四：大綱詞匯的衍生詞優先】在高中英語中，我們已經涉及到了詞根詞綴的知識。運用這些知識，可以將很多高中詞匯衍生為四六級詞匯甚至托福、雅思詞匯。如果能夠熟練使用一兩個這種詞匯，你的作文肯定“碉堡了”!舉例如下，看看箭頭后面的替換詞都是由哪些單詞變來的?(10)adj.當然地黯然低分詞：certainly閃光高分詞：obviously明顯地;undoubtedly毫無疑問地;evidently顯然地;(11)adj.不開心的黯然低分詞：sad閃光高分詞：discouraged氣餒的;depressed沮喪的;downhearted垂頭喪氣的;low-spirited意志消沉的;可以看出，這里列舉的“大綱詞匯衍生詞”看上去都相當“有水平”，但都是由大綱中的簡單單詞加上某些前綴、后綴變來的，可以說又好記，又好用，你學會了嗎?只要運用以上四種方法，在平時的學習中不斷積累和使用“閃光高分詞”，一定能讓你的作文綻放出最美的光輝!1.增補(Addition)inaddition另外;furthermore此外;again;also;besides;moreover此外;similarly;finally最后2.比較(Comparison)inthesameway;likewise同樣地;similarly;equally;incomparison比較起來;justas同樣地3.對照(Contrast)whereas然而;incontrast與此相反;ontheotherhand;instead同樣;however然而;nevertheless然而;unlike;eventhough即使;onthecontrary;while4.因果(Causeandeffect)because;becauseof;for;since;dueto;owingto;thanksto;asaresult(of);accordingly;hence;so;thus5.強調(Emphasis)certainly;aboveall;indeed;ofcourse;surely;actually;asamatteroffact;chiefly;especially;primarily;inparticular;undoubtedly;absolutely;mostimprtant6.讓步(Concession)although;though;afterall;inspiteof;nevertheless;still;provided;whileitistrue....7.例證(Exemplification)forexample;forinstance;thatis;namely;suchas;inotherwords;inthiscase;bywayofillustration.8.總結(Conclusion)tosumup;toconclude;inaword;inshort;inbrief;allinall;inall;toputitinanutshell;insummary9.推斷(Inference)therefore;asaresult(of);consequently;accordingly;so;otherwise10.時間和空間(Timeandspace)afterward;after;first;later;then;soon;outside;near;beyound;above;below;ontheright(left);inthemiddle;opposite;infrontof11.啟承轉合Aproverbsays......Atpresent.......Astheproverbsays....Currently.....Generallyspeaking;....Now;....Ingeneral;.....OntheWhole....Itisclearthat....Recently.....Itisoftensaidthat....Withoutdoubt;.......First(ofall);......Moreover;.........Firstly;............Noonecandenythat....Inthefirstplace;.........Obviously.....Tobeginwith;.........Ofcourse;.........Also;.......Similarly;.........Atthesametime......Therefore;weshouldrealizethat.....Certainly......Thereisnodoubtthat.......Inaddition;.....What`smore;..........Infact........Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat...Meanwhile......But...Still;......Buttheproblemisnotsosimple...Thereisacertainamountoftruthinthis;butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto.......However;.......Tooursurprise;..........Nevertheless;........Unfortunately.......Ontheotherhand;.......YetdifferencewillbefoundandthatiswhyIfeelthat........Othersmayfindthistobetrue;butIdonot.Ithink.....4)、合Aboveall;Inbrief;........Accordingly;.....Inconclusion;........Allinall;.......Inotherwords;itishardtoescapetheconclusionthat........Asaconsequence;.........Inshort;.........AsIhaveshown/said/stated/....Insum;........Insummary;.......Ashasbeennoted;....Obviously;.........Bysodoing;.....Onthewhole;.....Consequently;........Presumably;.......Eventually;.........Toconclude;......Finally;........Tosumup;.....Inaword;......Tosummarize;......★形容詞：1.貧窮的：poor=needy=impoverished=poverty-stricken2.富裕的：rich=wealthy=affluent=well-to-do=well-off3.優秀的：excellent=eminent=top=outstanding4.積極的，好的：good=conducive=beneficial=advantageous5.消極的，不良的：bad=detrimental=baneful=undesirable6.明顯的：obvious=apparent=evident=manifest7.健康的:healthy=robust=sound=wholesome8.驚人的：surprising=amazing=extraordinary=miraculous9.美麗的：beautiful=attractive=gorgeous=eye-catching10.有活力的：energetic=dynamic=vigorous=animated11.流行的：popular=prevailing=prevalent=pervasive1.Everywhere普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant2.Good好的Beneficial、Advantageous3.Harmful有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful4.Rich富有的Wealthy、Affluent5.Poor貧窮的Impoverished7.Serious嚴重的Severe8.Obvious明顯的Manifest、Apparent、Evident9.cheap便宜的Economical、Inexpensive★動詞：1.提高，加強：improve=enhance=promote=strengthen=optimize2.引起：cause=trigger=endanger3.解決：solve=resolve=address=tackle=copewith=dealwith4.拆除：destroy=teardown=knockdown=eradicate5.培養:develop=cultivate=foster=nurture6.激發，鼓勵：encourage=motivate=stimulate=spur7.認為：think=assert=hold=claim=argue8.完成：complete=fulfill=accomplish=achieve9.保留：keep=preserve=retain=hold10.有害于：destroy=impair=undermine=jeopardize11.減輕:ease=alleviate=relieve=lighten1.Improve提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance2.change改變：Transform3.Emphasize強調：Highlight、Stress、Address(這是個9星級用法)4.Develop培養：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture5.Break破壞：Impair、Undermine這兩個詞指的是抽象意義上的破壞Jeopardize、Devastate6.Keep保存Preserve、Conserve保護資源7.dealWith解決Tackle、Address（這也是高難度用法，很牛）、Resolve8.need需要Require、necessitate、callfor★名詞：1.影響：influence=impact2.危險：danger=perils=hazard3.污染：pollution=contamination4.人類：humanbeings=mankind=humanrace5.老人：oldpeople=theold=theelderly=theaged=seniorcitizens6.幸福：happiness=cheerfulness=well-being7.老師：teachers=instructors=educators=lecturers8.教育：education=schooling=familyparenting=upbringing9.青少年：youngpeople=youngsters=youths=adolescents10.優點：advantage=merits=superiority=virtue11.責任：responsibility=obligation=duty=liability12.能力：ability=capacity=power=skill13.職業：job=career=employment=profession14.娛樂：enjoyment=pastimes=recreation=entertainment15.孩子：children=offspring=descendant=kid1.Forefather祖先Ancestor、Predecessor2.Difference不同Gap（簡單但是牛）、Distinction3.Crime犯罪Delinquency、CriminalAct4.Environment環境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience5.Pollution污染Contamination6.Human人類ThehumanraceHumanityHumankind7.Danger危險Peril、Hazard8.Inmodernsociety在當今社會IncontemporarysocietyInpresent-daysocietyInthisdayandage★短語：1.充滿了：befilledwith=beawashwith=beinundatewith=besaturatedwith2.努力：strugglefor=aspireafter=strivefor=sparenoeffortsfor3.從事：embarkon=takeup=setabout=goinfor4.在當代:incontemporarysociety=inpresent-daysociety=inthisdayandage5.大量的:ahostof=amultitudeof=avastnumberof=avastamountof★插入語1.indeed的確，2.surely無疑，3.however然而，4.obviously顯然，5.frankly坦率地說，6.naturally自然，7.luckily(或happily)forsb.算某人幸運，8.fortunately/luckily幸好，9.honestly真的，10.briefly簡單地說,11.strangetosay說也奇怪，12.needlesstosay不用說，13.mostimportantofall最為重要是，13.worsestill更糟糕的是，14.inafewwords(或insum，inshort)簡而言之，15.inotherwords換句話說，16.inasense在某種意義上，17.ingeneral一般說來，18.inmyview在我看來，19.inconclusion總之，20.insummary概括地說，21.infact事實上，22.inthefirstplace首先，23.inaddition此外，24.ofcourse當然，25.tomyknowledge據我所知，例如，27.asamatteroffact事實上,28.strictlyspeaking嚴格地說，29.generallyspeaking一般地說，判斷,26.forinstance(或example)30.judgingfrom…根據……31.tobesure無疑，肯定地說，35.Ibelieve我相信，Iseeit照我看來，32.tosumup概括地說，33.totellthetruth老實說,34.Iamsure我可以36.Iwonder我不知道，37.thatis也就是說，38.itseems看來是，39.as40.whatisimportant(serious)重要(嚴重)的是1解決:Solve,dealwith,copewith,handle,resolve,address,tackle2損害：Damage,hurt,injure,harm,impair,undermine,jeopardize3給與：Give,offer,render,impart,provide,supply,afford4培養Develop,cultivate,foster5優勢：Advantage,merit,virtue,benefit,upside,strength6缺陷：Disadvantage,demerit,drawback,downside,weakness7使迷惑：Puzzle,bewilder,perplex,baffle8重要的：Key,crucial,critical,important,significant,vital,substantial,indispensable,imperative9認為：Think,believe,insist,maintain,assert,conclude,deem,hold,argue,beconvinced,befirmlyconvinced,befullyconvinced10保護：Protect,conserve,preserve11確保：Assure,ensure,guarantee,pledge12有害的：Bad,banefulevil,harmful,detrimental13要求：Request,demand,needs,requisition14消除：Eliminate,clear,remove,clearup,takeaway,smoothaway15導致：Leadto,bringabout,resultin,cause,sparkoff,conduceto,procure,induce,generate16因此：So,therefore,thus,hence,consequently,asaconsequence,accordingly,asaresult,becauseofthis,asaresultofthis17增長至：Growto，riseto，increaseto，goupto，climbto，ascendto，jumpto，shootto18降低至：Dipto，fallto，declineto，decreaseto，dropto，godownto，reduceto，slumpto，descendto，sinkto，slideto19保持穩定：Levelout，donotchange，remainstable，remainstill，remainsteady，bestable，maintainthesamelevel，remainunchanged，bestill，remainthesamelevel，stayconstant，keepatthesamelevel，leveloff，stabilize，keepitsstability，evenout20急劇地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21平穩地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22宣稱：Allege,assert,declare,claim23發生：Happen,occur,takeplace24原因：Reason,factor,cause25發展：Development,advance,progress26有益的：Useful,helpful,beneficial,profitable,rewarding，advantageous27影響：Influence,impact,effect28明顯的：Clear,obvious,evident,self-evident,manifest,apparent,crystal-clear29占：Comprise,takeup,accountfor,constitute,consistof,makeup,occupy,hold,compose30與…相比：Comparedwith，comparedto，incomparisonwith，incomparisonto，bycomparisonwith，bycomparisonto31對比而言：Bycontrast，incontrast，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary=，conversely32展示：Show,reveal,illustrate,demonstrate,depict,present,represent,describe33大約：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34波動：Fluctuate，goupsanddowns，displayafluctuation，demonstrateafluctuation35事實上：Practically，inpractice，essentially，inessence，inreality，ineffect，infact，asamatteroffact，itisafactthat36換言之：Namely，thatistosay，inotherwords，toputitlikethis，toputitdifferently，toputitfromanotherway，toputitfromanotherangle.1.individuals,characters,folks替換people,persons2:positive,favorable,rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替換good3:dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill(有害的)替換bad如果bad做表語，可以有belessimpressive替換Eg.Anarmyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewithgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduation,asaresult,theyfindtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive.4.(anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,ahostof,many,ifnotmost)替換many.注：用many,ifnotmost一定要小心，many后一定要有詞。Eg.Manyindividuals,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat….同理用most,ifnotall,替換most.5:asliceof,qui