TheTelencephalon山東大學醫學院解剖教研室李振華編輯課件ExternalfeatureThetelencephalonconsistsofrightandleftcerebralhemisphere,partiallyseparatedbycerebrallongitudinalfissure.ThecerebraltransversefissureintervenesbetweenthehemispheresandthecerebellumEachhemispherehasthreesurfaces:superolateral,medialandinferior編輯課件Threeprincipalsulci

Centralsulcus

中央溝Lateralsulcus外側溝Parietooccipitalsulcus頂枕溝CentralsulcusLateralsulcusParietooccipitalsulcus編輯課件

Fivelobes

Frontallobe額葉Parietallobe頂葉Temporallobe顳葉Occipitallobe枕葉Insularlobe島葉FrontallobeParietallobeOccipitallobeTemporallobeInsularlobe編輯課件SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfaceFrontallobe:

Precentralsulcus中央前溝Superiorfrontalsulcus額上溝Inferiorfrontalsulcus額下溝Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus額上回Middlefrontalgyrus額中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus額下回編輯課件SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

編輯課件Parietallobe:

Postcentralsulcus中央后溝

Postcentralgyrus中央后回

Intraparietalsulcus頂內溝

Superiorparietallobule頂上小葉

Inferiorparietallobule頂下小葉

Supramarginalgyrus緣上回

Angulargyrus角回編輯課件SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Intraparietalsulcus編輯課件Temporallobe:

Superiortemporalsulcus顳上溝Inferiortemporalsulcus顳下溝Superiortemporalgyrus顳上回

Middletemporalgyrus顳中回

Inferiortemporalgyrus顳下回

Transversetemporalgyri顳橫回編輯課件SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

編輯課件Transversetemporalgyri編輯課件SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

編輯課件Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum胼胝體

Callosalsulcus胼胝體溝

Cingulatesulcus扣帶溝Cingulategyrus扣帶回Marginalramus緣支Paracentrallobule中央旁小葉Calcarinesulcus距狀溝Cuneus楔葉

Lingualgyrus舌回編輯課件Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum

Callosalsulcus

cingulategyrus

Cingulatesulcus

Marginalramus

Paracentrallobule

Calcarinesulcus

CuneusParietooccipitalsulcusLingualgyrus編輯課件Sulciandgyriofinferiorsurface

Olfactorybulb嗅球Olfactorytract嗅束

Olfactorytrigone嗅三角

Anteriorperforatedsubstance前穿質

Collateralsulcus側副溝

Occipitotemporalsulcus枕顳溝

Medialoccipitotemporalgyrus枕顳內側回

Lateraloccipitotemporalgyrus枕顳外側回

Hippocampalsulcus海馬溝

Parahippocampalgyrus海馬旁回Uncus鉤

Hippocampus海馬Dentategyrus齒狀回

Hippocampalformation

海馬結構編輯課件InferiorsurfaceOlfactorybulb

Olfactorytract

Olfactorytrigone

Anteriorperforatedsubstance

Collateralsulcus

OccipitotemporalsulcusMedialandlateraloccipitotemporalgyri

Parahippocampalgyrus

Uncus

編輯課件HippocampusDentategyrus

Hippocampalformation

編輯課件HistologyofthecerebralcortexArchicortex原皮質

(hippocampalformation海馬結構)

Paleocortex古皮質(rhinencephalon嗅腦)Neocortex新皮質(mostofcerebralcortex)3celllayers6celllayers編輯課件編輯課件Functionallocationofcerebralcortex編輯課件Firstsomaticmotorarea第一軀體運動區Position:locatedinprecentralgyrusandanteriorportionofparacentrallobule編輯課件Firstsomaticmotorarea第一軀體運動區Characters

Representationisinverted,butheadandfaceareuprightAbodypartisrepresentedbyacorticalareaproportionaltoitsuseratherthanitssizeReceivingfibersfrompostcentralgyrus,VA,VLandVPL,sendingoutfiberstoformpyramidaltract,controllingvoluntarymovements編輯課件Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一軀體感覺區Position－liesinpostcentralgyrusandposteriorportionofparacentrallobule編輯課件Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一軀體感覺區CharactersSensoryrepresentation,likemotorarea,iscrossedandinvertedReceivingandinterpretsensationfromoppositesideofbody編輯課件Auditoryarea聽區LocatedintransversetemporalgyriReceiveauditoryinformationfrombothears編輯課件Visualarea視區LieoneithersideofcalcarinesulcusinmedialsurfaceofoccipitallobeVisualcortexofonehemispherereceivesimpressionfromtemporalpartofretinaofsamesideandnasalpartofoppositesideLesionsofvisualcortexproducecontralateralhomonymousvisualfielddefections編輯課件Vestibulararea平衡覺區:locatedinfrontofsuperiortemporalgyrusOlfactoryarea嗅覺區:locatedneartheuncusTastearea味覺區:locatedatfrontaloperculum編輯課件Languagearea語言中樞Itisdominantinlefthemisphereinright-handedpersonMotorspeecharea

運動性語言中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofinferiorfrontalgyrusDamage:motoraphasiaWritingarea

書寫中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofmiddlefrontalgyrusDamage:agraphiaAuditoryspeecharea

聽覺性語言中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofsuperiortemporalgyrusLesion:sensoryaphasiaVisualspeecharea

視覺性語言中樞LocatedinangulargyrusLesion:alexia編輯課件Lateralventricle

側腦室Position:locatedincerebralhemispheresFourpartsCentralpart:liesinparietallobeAnteriorhorn:extendsintofrontallobePosteriorhornextendintooccipitallobeInferiorhorn:extendintotemporallobeInternalstructures編輯課件Communicationlateralventricle→interventricularforamen→thirdventricle編輯課件Basalnuclei基底核Corpusstriatum紋狀體Lentiformnucleus豆狀核

Caudatenucleus尾狀核Claustrum屏狀核Amygdaloidbody杏仁體Globuspallidus蒼白球putamen殼Neostriatum新紋狀體－paleostriatum舊紋狀體編輯課件編輯課件WhitematterAssociationfibers

聯絡纖維

RunbetweengyriwithinthesamehemisphereCerebralarcuatefibers大腦弓狀纖維Superiorlongitudinalfasciculi上縱束Inferiorlongitudinalfasciculi下縱束Uncinatefasciculus鉤束Cingulum扣帶編輯課件Commissuralfibers連合纖維－runbetweenleftandrighthemisphereCorpuscallosum胼胝體:rostrum,genu,trunk,spleniumAnteriorcommissure前連合Fornixandcommissureoffornix穹隆和穹隆連合編輯課件Projectionfibers投射纖維:connectcortexwithlowerpartofbrainandspinalcordandtheyincludebothascendinganddescendingfibers

InternalcapsulePosition:athicklaminaofwhitematterlyingbetweencaudatenucleus,thalamusandlentiformnucleus編輯課件編輯課件ThreepartsAnteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

內囊前肢LiesbetweencaudatenucleusandlentiformnucleusContainingfrontopontinetractandanteriorthalamicradiationGenuofinternalcapsule內囊膝IsangleatwhichanteriorandposteriorlimbsmeetContainingcorticonucleartractPosteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

內囊后肢LiesbetweenthalamusandlentiformnucleusContaincorticospinaltract,corticorubraltract,centralthalamicradiation,parieto-occipito-temporo-pon