考點4-主旨大意之段落大意--講考點-胸有成竹

【2022年段落大意考點歸納】

段落大意

題型

2022試卷類型設問考點

閱讀理解2022?新高考I卷閱讀D14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?段落大意

2022?全國甲卷D閱讀D32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?段落大意

20212021年全國乙卷B篇24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusabout段落大意

mobilephones?

2021年6月浙江卷C篇10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainly段落大意

about?

20202020年新課標I卷D篇32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainly段落大意

about?

[2023年高考命題預測】

主旨大意之段落大意考點是高考中的必考點。一篇文章有多個段落，為什么把題出在其中的某個段落？

因為這個段落在文章中起著至關重要的作用，這些段落或引出話題或承上啟下或總結全文。命題者的意圖

是明確的，他們著眼于文章中起重要作用的段落進而設題。預測在2023高考中，段落大意題會繼續在高考

閱讀理解中呈現。

【主旨大意之段落大意考點指南】

段落大意題?？紗栴}：

Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis...

Thepassageismainlyabout...

Thepassagemainlydiscusses...

Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith...?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

近幾年高考段落大意考查的特點：

考查的段落一般沒有主題句，這需要考生對整段進行歸納，找出段落的重點，總結段落大意。

總結段落大意

考例分析：

D【2020?全國I]

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave

foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,fbrexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthe

cityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaces

weredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurtherchangingthe

actualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplants

thathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful

chemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethings

thatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow（發光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.

Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightfbrthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandth

oftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolightthe

roomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina

one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"

switch“wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremoved

fromthepowersource（電源）?suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotof

energyislostduringtransmission（傳輸）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.316

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

B【2020?全國新課標III]

When"RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimal

activistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.

Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:"Thanks

fornotusingrealapes（猿）!”

Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（動作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,

spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor?sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwith

computergraphicstocreateafinalimage（圖像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.One

nonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepinglabsonmore

than2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including''WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPart

II"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreated

properly.

Insomecases,ifsnotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;ifs

theoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmade

outsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.241

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes."

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

規律方法：如何總結段落大意？

段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想會在首句體現出來，這就是常說的段落主題句。主題句

具有鮮明的概括性，句子結構簡單，段落中其他句子均用來解釋、支撐或擴展主題句所表達的主題思想。

主題句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有時作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，要學會根據段落內容去概

括主題句。

【試題精練】

1.D【2022屆福建省泉州市高中畢業班質量檢測（三）】

Readingbookscanobviouslymakeyouabetter,smarterentrepreneur.Accordingtoa2018studyofover

160,000adultsin31countries,themorebooksthatwerepresentinparticipants,childhoodhomes,themore

competenttheynowwereasadultswithskillsinliteracy,mathematics,andtechnologicalproblem-solving.

Researchersnotethatbook-orientedsocialization,indicatedbyhomelibrarysize,equipsyouthwithlifelongtastes,

skillandknowledge.

Growingupwithhomelibrariesboostsadultskillsinliteracy,numeracyandtechnologicalproblem-solving

beyondthebenefitsacquiredfromparentaleducationoryourowneducationaloroccupationalattainment.Kids

whogrowupinahomewherereadingisvaluedandmodeledaremorelikelytobegoodreaders.Strangelyenough,

though,advancededucationdoesn'tnecessarilyoffsetthe“lotsofbooksinthehome^^advantage.Adultswhogrew

upwithrelativelyfewbooksintheirhomesandlaterearnedacollegedegreehadliteracylevelsapproximately

equaltoadultswhogrewupinhomeswithlargelibrariesbutonlyattendedschoolfornineyears.

JessicaStillman[ofInc.]writes,surroundingyourselfwithmorebooksthanyoucouldeverreadsaysgood

thingsaboutyourmind.Thosebooksserveasaconstantreminderofallthethingsyoudon'tknow-whichhelps

keepyouintellectuallyhungryandcurious.Andpossibly,thiswillkeepyoualittlemoremodest,sinceresearch

showsthequickeryouaretoadmityoudon'tknowsomething,thefasteryoucanthenlearnit.AsJeffBezossays,

akeysignofintelligenceisthewillingnesstochangeyourmind,somethingthatonlyhappensifyou'rewillingto

admitthatyourcurrentthinkingmaynotbethebestthinking.Modesty,learningandthewillingnesstochangeyour

mindwhennewdatapresentsitself:Thafsanotherthreebonuseveryentrepreneurcanbenefitfrom.

12.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytalkabouttheresearch?

A.Toughprocess.B.Inspiringdiscovery.

C.Numerousdata.D.Advancedtechnology.

2.C[2022屆福建省廈門市高三畢業班第二次質量檢測】

Timezoneswerecreatedbyrailroadofficialstodealwithamajorheadache.Itwasbecomingimpossibleto

knowwhattimeitwas.AtthattimeeachtownorcityintheUSkeptitsownsolartime.^Fifty-sixstandardsoftime

arenowemployedbythevariousrailroadsinpreparingtheirschedulesofrunningtime,“reportedTheNewYork

TimesonApril19,1883.

In1883,railroadrepresentativesattendedtheGeneralRailroadTimeConvention.OnApril11,railroad

officialsagreedtocreatefivetimezonesinNorthAmerica.AndthenewstandardtookeffectonNovember

18,1883.

Thoughthenewtimestandardwasnotsanctionedbythefederalgovernment,theNavalObservatoryin

Washingtonofferedtosend,bytelegraph,anewtimesignalsopeoplecouldsynchronize（同步）theirwatches.

Mostpeoplehadnoobjectiontothenewtimestandard.AnarticleinTheNewYorkTimesonNovember16,1883

noted,4tThepassengerfromChicagotoNewOrleans,canmaketheentirerunwithoutchanginghiswatch.”

Asthetimechangewasinstitutedbytherailroads,andvoluntarilyacceptedbymanytownsandcities,some

incidentsofconfusionappeared.AreportinThePhiladelphiaInquireronNovember21,1883,describedan

incidentwhereadebtorhadbeenorderedtoreporttoaBostoncourtroombefore10:00.Heappearedat9:48,

standardtime,butwasruledthatitwasafter10:00.

Incidentslikethatdemonstratedtheneedforeveryonetoadoptthenewstandardtime.However,therewere

objections.AniteminTheNewYorkTimesonJune28,1884,detailedhowthecityofLouisvillehadgivenupon

standardtime.Louisvillesetallitsclocksahead18minutestoreturntosolartime.

Bythe1890s,standardtimeandtimezoneswereacceptedasordinary.ThesuccessfuladoptionintheUSin

1883setanexampleofhowtimezonescouldspreadacrosstheglobe.Thefollowingyear,aconferenceinParis

createdthetimezonesworldwideandeventuallytheycameintouse.

11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.TheUSsimplifiedtimezones.B.Pariscreateditstimezone.

C.Timezoneswentworldwide.D.Timezonesprovedeffective.

3.C【2022屆廣東省高三六校第四次聯考】

Astudyof8differentexperimentsshowedthatourbrainstendtopreferadditionratherthansubtractionwhen

itcomestofindingsolutions-inmanycases,itseemswejustdon'tconsiderthestrategyoftakingsomethingaway

atall.

Theresearchersfoundthatthispreferenceforaddingwasnoticeableinthreesituationsinparticular:when

peoplewereunderhighercognitive（認知的）load,whentherewaslesstimetoconsidertheotheroptions,and

whenvolunteersdidn'tgetaspecificreminderthatsubtractingwasanoption.Inoneoftheexperiments,

participantswereaskedtoimproveaLegostructuresothatitwasabletotakemoreweight.Halfthevolunteers

wereremindedthattheycouldtakeawaybricksaswellasaddthem,andhalfweren't.Inthegroupthatgotthe

reminder,61percentsolvedtheproblembytakingawayabrick-whichwasamuchfasterandmoreefficientway

ofmakingthestructurestable.Inthegroupthatdidn'tgetthereminder,only41percentwentforthe

removingbricksapproach.

“Additiveideascometomindquicklyandeasily,butsubtractiveideasrequiremorecognitiveeffortJsays

psychologistBenjaminConverse,fromtheUniversityofVirginia."Becausepeopleareoftenmovingfastand

workingwiththefirstideasthatcometomind,theyendupacceptingadditivesolutionswithoutconsidering

subtractionatall.^^

Theresearchershaveafewideasaboutwhatmightbegoingon.Ourbrainsmightfindadditivechangeseasier

toprocessperhaps,orwemightbeassociatingaddingwithideasofsomethingthat*sbiggerandthereforebetterin

oursubconscious.Theremightalsobeassociationsinourmindswiththecurrentstatusbeingsomethingthatneeds

tobemaintainedasmuchaspossible-andtakingsomethingawayisarguablymoredestructivetothecurrent

statusthanaddingsomethingnew.

Theresearcherssaytheirworkisimportantinamuchbroadersense:forinstitutionslookingtostreamline（簡

化），forexample,andevenforthehumanracelookingforwaystobettermanagetheplanet'sresources.

11.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Thewaystomakeadditivechanges.

B.Theeffectsoftakingsomethingaway.

C.Thereasonsforbrainspreferringaddition.

D.TheimportanceofmaintainingcuiTentstatus.

4.D【2022屆山東省蒲澤市高三第一次模擬考試（一模）】

Aroundoneheartattackin50inrichEuropeancountriesiscausedbylongexposuretoloudtraffic,according

totheWorldHealthOrganization.Theill-effectsofnoisepollutioninsuchcountriesaresecondonlytothosefrom

dirtyair.Long-termexposurecancausehormonal（荷爾蒙的）imbalancesaswellasmental-healthproblems.

Roadsidebarrierscanhelpdecreasethenoise,buttheyareexpensive—upto$600,000perkilometer.Besides,

theyworklesswellonwindydaysandareimpracticalalongcitystreets.

Happily,thereisanotheroption.Byaddingrubberpowders,recycledfromusedtyres,tothebitumen（瀝青）

andbrokenstonesusedtomakeasphalt（柏汕路）,engineersaredesigningquieterstreets.Firstusedexperimentally

inthe1960s,thisrubberized,softerasphaltcutstrafficnoisebyaround25%.Evenbetter,italsolastslongerthan

thenormalsort.Notsurprisingly,rubberizedasphaltiscatchingon.

Rubberizedasphaltkeepsthenoisedowninacoupleofways.Gapsbetweenthestonesinstandardasphalt

mustbesmall,becauseiftheyaretoobigthebitumenbinding(粘合齊(J)cannotdoitsjobproperly.Adding

rubberthickensthebitumen.Thatallowsbiggergaps,whichhelptotrapandspreadsoundwaves.Therubberized

bitumenitselfisflexible,whichenablesittoabsorbmoreunwantedsoundenergy.

Bitumenismadefromoil,whichmeansitspricehasrisenoverthepastdecadealongsidethatoftheoil.

Thrown-awaytyres,bycontrast,arecheapandarelikelytogetcheaper.Nowadaysenoughtyresarerecycledin

Americaeachyeartoproduce20,000milesofthestuff,enoughtorebuildabout0.5%ofAmerica'sroads.

RubberroadsarealsopopularinChina,Brazil,SpainandGermany.Theirpopularitycouldspreadfurther,

sinceitisnowpossibletomakerubberizedasphaltlessexpensivelythanthetraditionalsort.

12.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytalkaboutconcerningnoisepollution?

A.Itdoesmoreharmthanairpollution.

B.Itbecomesthemaincauseofheartattack.

C.Itmaycausehealthproblemsinthelongrun.

D.Itcanbegotridofbyputtinguproadsidebarriers.

考點4-主旨大意之段落大意--講考點-胸有成竹

【2022年段落大意考點歸納】

段落大意

題型

2022試卷類型設問考點

閱讀理解2022?新高考I卷閱讀D14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?段落大意

2022?全國甲卷D閱讀D32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?段落大意

20212021年全國乙卷B篇24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusabout段落大意

mobilephones?

2021年6月浙江卷C篇10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainly段落大意

about?

20202020年新課標I卷D篇32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainly段落大意

about?

[2023年高考命題預測】

主旨大意之段落大意考點是高考中的必考點。一篇文章有多個段落，為什么把題出在其中的某個段落？

因為這個段落在文章中起著至關重要的作用，這些段落或引出話題或承上啟下或總結全文。命題者的意圖

是明確的，他們著眼于文章中起重要作用的段落進而設題。預測在2023高考中，段落大意題會繼續在高考

閱讀理解中呈現。

【主旨大意之段落大意考點指南】

段落大意題常考問題：

Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis...

Thepassageismainlyabout...

Thepassagemainlydiscusses...

Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith...?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

近幾年高考段落大意考查的特點：

考查的段落一般沒有主題句，這需要考生對整段進行歸納，找出段落的重點，總結段落大意。

總結段落大意

考例分析：

D【2020?全國I]

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave

foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,fbrexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthe

cityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaces

weredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurtherchangingthe

actualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplants

thathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful

chemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethings

thatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow（發光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.

Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightfbrthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandth

oftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolightthe

roomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina

one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"

switch“wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremoved

fromthepowersource（電源）?suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotof

energyislostduringtransmission（傳輸）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.316

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

【答案】32.D

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學院的工程師開發

了?種發光植物。文章介紹了他們發明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的?些優勢，指出在未來發光植物

有可能取代路燈，達到節約能源的作用。

32.主旨大意題。根據第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexamplediscoveredthatgreener

areasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheir

workplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚斯敦進行的一項研究發現，城市綠化較

好的地區犯罪率較低。在另一項研究中，當員工的工作場所被室內植物裝飾時.，他們的工作效率會提高15%o

由此可知，第一段的主旨是關于綠色植物的益處。故選D。

B12020?全國新課標III】

When”RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimal

activistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.

Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:'Thanks

fornotusingrealapes（猿）!”

Thecreativeteambehind“Apes"usedmotion-capture（動作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,

spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwith

computergraphicstocreateafinalimage（圖像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.One

nonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsanmore

than2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,"HTheHangoverPart

II"and"Zookeeper,uhavedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreated

properly.

Insomecases,ifsnotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it's

theoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmade

outsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.241

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes."

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout"Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

【答案】25.B

【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了電影“猩球崛起”上個月首次與公眾見面。動物愛好

者聚集在好萊塢前，感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時?，沒有使用真的類人猿?，F在的動物拍攝使

用的是數字化人猿的創造技術，而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐待動物的現象，這讓一個非盈利的

組織密切關注此事。但有些拍攝也是不能夠被監測到的。

25.主旨大意題。根據第二段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（動作捕捉）te

chnologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatI

recordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalim

age（圖像）.”可知,“人猿”背后的創作團隊利用動作捕捉技術創造數字化的動物，在記錄演員表演的

技術上，花費數千萬美元，然后用電腦圖形處理，以產生最終的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是

關于數字化人猿的創造。故選B項。

規律方法：如何總結段落大意？

段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想會在首句體現出來，這就是常說的段落主題句。主題句

具有鮮明的概括性，句子結構簡單，段落中其他句子均用來解釋、支撐或擴展主題句所表達的主題思想。

主題句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有時作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，要學會根據段落內容去概

括主題句。

【試題精練】

1.D【2022屆福建省泉州市高中畢業班質量檢測（三）】

Readingbookscanobviouslymakeyouabetter,smarterentrepreneur.Accordingtoa2018studyofover

160,000adultsin31countries,themorebooksthatwerepresentinparticipants,childhoodhomes,themore

competenttheynowwereasadultswithskillsinliteracy,mathematics,andtechnologicalproblem-solving.

Researchersnotethatbook-orientedsocialization,indicatedbyhomelibrarysize,equipsyouthwithlifelongtastes,

skillandknowledge.

Growingupwithhomelibrariesboostsadultskillsinliteracy,numeracyandtechnologicalproblem-solving

beyondthebenefitsacquiredfromparentaleducationoryourowneducationaloroccupationalattainment.Kids

whogrowupinahomewherereadingisvaluedandmodeledaremorelikelytobegoodreaders.Strangely

enough,though,advancededucationdoesn'tnecessarilyoffsetthe“lotsofbooksinthehome"advantage.Adults

whogrewupwithrelativelyfewbooksintheirhomesandlaterearnedacollegedegreehadliteracylevels

approximatelyequaltoadultswhogrewupinhomeswithlargelibrariesbutonlyattendedschoolfornineyears.

JessicaStillman[ofInc.Jwrites,surroundingyourselfwithmorebooksthanyoucouldeverreadsaysgood

thingsaboutyourmind.Thosebooksserveasaconstantreminderofallthethingsyoudon'tknow-whichhelps

keepyouintellectuallyhungryandcurious.Andpossibly,thiswillkeepyoualittlemoremodest,sinceresearch

showsthequickeryouaretoadmityoudon'tknowsomething,thefasteryoucanthenlearnit.AsJeffBezossays,

akeysignofintelligenceisthewillingnesstochangeyourmind,somethingthatonlyhappensifyou'rewillingto

admitthatyourcurrentthinkingmaynotbethebestthinking.Modesty,learningandthewillingnesstochangeyour

mindwhennewdatapresentsitself:That'sanotherthreebonuseveryentrepreneurcanbenefitfrom.

12.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytalkabouttheresearch?

A.Toughprocess.B.Inspiringdiscovery.

C.Numerousdata.D.Advancedtechnology.

【答案】12.B

【解析】這是一篇說明文。研究人員注意到，家庭圖書館的規模表明，以書籍為導向的社會化，使年輕人

擁有終身的品味、技能和知識。文章還說明了在家庭圖書館的環境中長大，可以提高成年人的讀寫、計算

和解決技術問題的能力，這遠遠超過了父母教育或自己的教育或職業成就所帶來的好處。

12.主旨大意題。根據第一段“Readingbookscanobviouslymakeyouabetter,smarterentrepreneur.Accordingto

a2018studyofover160,000adultsin31countries,themorebooksthatwerepresentinparticipants,childhood

homes,themorecompetenttheynowwereasadultswithskillsinliteracy,mathematics,andtechnological

problem-solving.Researchersnotethatbook-orientedsocialization,indicatedbyhomelibrarysize,equipsyouth

withlifelongtastes,skillandknowledge.（讀書顯然能讓你成為一個更好、更聰明的企業家。2018年的一項研

究對31個國家的16萬多名成年人進行了調查，結果顯示，參與者小時候家里的書越多，他們成年后就越

有能力，具備讀寫、數學和解決技術問題的技能。研究人員注意到，家庭圖書館的規模表明，以書籍為導

向的社會化，使年輕人擁有終身的品味、技能和知識）“可知，第一段主要講的是鼓舞人心的發現。故選B。

2.C[2022屆福建省廈門市高三畢業班第二次質量檢測】

Timezoneswerecreatedbyrailroadofficialstodealwithamajorheadache.Itwasbecomingimpossibleto

knowwhattimeitwas.AtthattimeeachtownorcityintheUSkeptitsownsolartime.lTifty-sixstandardsoftime

arenowemployedbythevariousrailroadsinpreparingtheirschedulesofrunningreportedTheNew

YorkTimesonApril19,1883.

In1883,railroadrepresentativesattendedtheGeneralRailroadTimeConvention.OnApril11,railroad

officialsagreedtocreatefivetimezonesinNorthAmerica.AndthenewstandardtookeffectonNovember18,

1883.

Thoughthenewtimestandardwasnotsanctionedbythefederalgovernment,theNavalObservatoryin

Washingtonofferedtosend,bytelegraph,anewtimesignalsopeoplecouldsynchronize（同步）theirwatches.

Mostpeoplehadnoobjectiontothenewtimestandard.AnarticleinTheNewYorkTimesonNovember16,1883

noted,"ThepassengerfromChicagotoNewOrleans,canmaketheentirerunwithoutchanginghiswatch.”

Asthetimechangewasinstitutedbytherailroads,andvoluntarilyacceptedbymanytownsandcities,some

incidentsofconfusionappeared.AreportinThePhiladelphiaInquireronNovember21,1883,describedan

incidentwhereadebtorhadbeenorderedtoreporttoaBostoncourtroombefore10:00.Heappearedat9:48,

standardtime,butwasruledthatitwasafter10:00.

Incidentslikethatdemonstratedtheneedfbreveryonetoadoptthenewstandardtime.However,therewere

objections.AniteminTheNewYorkTimesonJune28,1884,detailedhowthecityofLouisvillehadgivenupon

standardtime.Louisvillesetallitsclocksahead18minutestoreturntosolartime.

Bythe1890s,standardtimeandtimezoneswereacceptedasordinary.ThesuccessfuladoptionintheUSin

1883setanexampleofhowtimezonescouldspreadacrosstheglobe.Thefollowingyear,aconferenceinParis

createdthetimezonesworldwideandeventuallytheycameintouse.

11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.TheUSsimplifiedtimezones.B.Pariscreateditstimezone.

C.Timezoneswentworldwide.D.Timezonesprovedeffective.

【答案】11.C

【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了時區是怎么來的。

11.段落大意題。根據最后一段“Bythe1890s,standardtimeandtimezoneswereacceptedasordinary.The

successfuladoptionintheUSin1883setanexampleofhowtimezonescouldspreadacrosstheglobe.The

followingyear,aconferenceinPariscreatedthetimezonesworldwideandeventuallytheycameintouse.”

（到了19世紀90年代，標準時區被視為普通時區。1883年在美國的成功采用為時區如何在全球傳播樹立

了榜樣。第二年，在巴黎召開的一次會議確立了全球時區，并最終