電子商務簡介外文翻譯文獻電子商務簡介外文翻譯文獻(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)原文：ElectroniccommerceElectroniccommerce,ortheelectronicstrade,ortheelectronicbusinessisregardedasanewkindofrisingbusinessmodelwhichwillbringaboutprofoundinfluenceonsocialeconomy.Anditcanbesaidastheimportantfunctioninthesocialdevelopmentoftheworld-widelocations.Itrepresentsthecurrentoftheworldtradeinlateof21centuries.1).Whatistheelectroniccommerce?Electroniccommercepointisthroughtheteleportationmethodtocarryonthebusinessdata'sexchangewiththenumericalformandon-linebusinessactivity.Usually,electroniccommercecanbedividedintodichotomouslayers:Thefirstisalowlevelelectroniccommerce,namelyelectronicbusinessintelligencereport,theelectronicbargainandelectronicscontract.Thesecondoneisahighelectroniccommerce,includingallkindsofbusinessactivitieswhichaskforhelpingInternet'sbeengagedins,fromsearchingthecustomer,thebusinessnegotiation,order,on-linepayment,theelectronicsinvoice,goingtotheelectronicstopaycustomsduties,theelectronicspaytax,alloftheseareengagedintheInternet.Theelectroniccommercemeansthatalltradeswiththerealizationelectronical.Ithasthefollowingcharacteristics:①Fairfreedom,the②isefficiently,globalizationof③,theconjectureof④turn,interactionof⑤,⑥independence,⑦humanizationservice.Makinguseoftheelectroniccommerce,customerandprovidercancontactintheglobalscopemutuallycloselyandconveniently.Asaresultthecustomerscanfindouttheirsatisfydemandingidealstoprovidethegoodstothecompanyfromeachcornerintheworld.Theelectroniccommercewillchangetheenvironmentthatthebusinessenterprisecompetesmutually,lowerundertheresidinginthemarketstructureoftraditionishighnotofcost.tradethecostlowandeasytoenteredperson'smarketandgovernmentstoencouragetouseInternet(tax-free)toactivatetheelectroniccommerce,pushitsstart伊tostarttodevelopthenandquickly.Predictaccordingtotheexpert,to2000,thewholeworldelectroniccommercewillattainthescaleofUSD300,000,000,000.Butithasalreadyexceededthisscale.Forinsuringthesafetyoftheelectroniccommerce,shouldbuilduptheelectronicscertificatecenter.ThenumericalIDcardusestothedefiniteevidencebody.ThenumericalIDcardissuestoentrusttothethirdsquare,namelyanauthorizationmachineTheorgancarryout,itincludestheholdertoidentifytheinformation(name,address,thecontactmethod,theIDcardserialnumber),bothpartiespoolingkeyofsecret,termofvalidity,passwordandtheauthorizationorganizationstoidentifyinformationetc..MakeuseofthenumericalIDcard,tradethebothpartiesandcaninsuretoidentifyanotheronesquare'sbody,anddefiniteevidenceanothertheinformationthatasquaresendouthasnotyettochange.2).theinfluencethattheelectroniccommercemayproduceComparedwiththetraditionalbusiness,theelectroniccommercehasthefollowingadvantage:*Overlaythescopewide:AnetworksystemthatcombinesInternet,intranet(theareanetofthebureauofthebusinessenterpriseinnerpart)andextranet(thebusinessenterpriseexteriornetwork)smakebuyer,sellingparty,manufactoryanditcooperatecolleaguecanintheworldofscopecontactanddeliverthebusinessintelligencereportanddocumentsexpedientlymutually.*Thefunctioniswell-found:Intheelectroniccommerce,differentfromthecustomerofdifferentlayercancarryoutbargaintargetofdifferentcategory,forexample,releasethebusinessintelligencereport,on-linenegotiation,theelectronicspaymentandbuildupvirtualmarketandon-linebanketc.s.*Usagetheconvenienceisvivid:AccordingtoInternet,theelectroniccommerceisfreefromtherestrictthatthespecializeddataexchangestheagreement.Canusepersonalcalculatorofanytype,atintheworldanylocation,carryonthebargainexpedientlyonthecalculatorscreen.*Thecostislow:Makeuseoftheelectroniccommerce,theexpenditurethatcancutdowntousedforexpensesandinternationaltripsthatemploystheemployee,themaintenancewarehouseandshopfrontandmailconsumedly.TheexpensesthatusesInternetisverylow.Theelectroniccommercewillbringaboutimportantinfluenceonsocialeconomy:*Theelectroniccommercewillchangethepeoplethebehaviormethodthatadopthabituallyinthebusinessactivity.Passthenetwork,thepeoplecanenterthevirtualstoreofperson,browsingeverywhere,choosetheirinterestedinthing,andenjoyvariouson-lineservice.Ontheotherhand,company'shousecanpassthenetworkandtheconsumercontacts,decidingtopurchasetheproduct(categoryandquantity)tocombinetheclosebook.Thegovernmentorgancancarryontheelectronicsinvitationtobidandgovernmentpurchasesthroughanetwork.*Thecoreoftheelectroniccommerceisaperson.Itisasocialsystem.Theon-linestorechangedthepeople'sdailylifemethod,fullbodynowtheconsumerisinindependentpowerinthebargain.*Theelectroniccommercechangebusinessenterpriseproducesthewayoftheproduct.Passthenetwork,themanufactorydirectunderstandingmarketneed,andarrangetheproductionaccordingtothedemandoftheconsumer.*Theelectroniccommerceraisedthetradeefficiencybiggest,canremoveinthecenterlink;Thebiggestlimitlowersthesalecost.Producethearrangementcancarryout"thesmallbatchquantityaddsthespeciesdiverse",but"zerostocks"sbecomerealistic.*Theelectroniccommercecallsthebankservicereform.Beliketheon-linebank,on-linecashcardandcreditcard,on-lineclosebook,electronicsinvoice,theelectronics"cash"s-houroftheconsumerpurchaseanyfurtherneednotactualcash-thesenewtheconceptwillbecomerealistic.*Theelectroniccommercewillchangethegovernmentbehavior.So-called"on-linegovernment",anon-lineadministrationmanagementorganizationisexertivetheimportantfunctionofthesocialoutlet,keeporderandfair,fishforandsmashon-linecheat.3).thepresentconditionoftheflourishingandnationalelectroniccommerce90'sin20centuriesmiddle,Internetexperiencesthedevelopmentofexplodethetype,thetinymachineenterstenthousandofperson'sthousand,thecalculatornetworkhasalreadybecomepeople'sdailylifeinthenecessarypart.Peopletheinhopesofcalculatornetworkbringsmoreadvantagesandconvenience.Theelectroniccommerceemergewiththetideofthetimes.Atflourishingnation,actualappliedpolicyofthegovernmentwelltimedestablishmentpushelectroniccommerce,occupythepredominantpositioninnewlyacompetitionofscopeofworld.TheelectroniccommerceoftheUnitedStatescontrolsthetradeofworld.Currently,thereare60,000,000customersofInternetintheUnitedStates.98%buysthemanageraboveon-linelookforthetarget.Accordingtotheestimateof,to2002,oftheAmericanbusinessenterprisepassthevaluethattheelectroniccommercecompletesthetradingposttoinvolveandwillhave6.1%anofGDP《wealth》thecovarianceenunciationofthemagazine,500strongcompaniesinworldallopentheon-linebusinessofexhibition.TheIBMacceptstheperson's25%(aboutUSD20,000,000,000)tohavesomethingtodowithelectroniccommerce.Hadtheelectroniccommerceluckily,maketheIBMsavetheexpenditureofUSD250,000,000in1999.4).thedevelopmentoftheChineseelectroniccommerceThedevelopmentoftheChinesegovernmentandcivilelectroniccommercebeginsfrom1993.Today,theelectroniccommercehasalreadybeenapplyinforeigntrade,maritimecustoms,financeandbusinessrealm.PekingandShanghaihasalreadybuiltupthenativeelectroniccommerceframe.SomeelectroniccommerceWebaddresseshavealreadyopennedtotheon-lineshoppingandon-lineclosebook.Thoughdoalltheseeffort,ChinaopenthecompanyoftheexhibitionelectroniccommercetosufferthelossinonebusinessofC(theBdepartmentpointsthebusiness,Cthedepartmentpointstheconsumer)ofonetoofitsBosomedChineseexpertslovethisshoppinghabitthatattributestotheChinese-Chineseconsumertheamateurthattheshoppingseesasakindofinteresting;Theyenjoytopasstoenjoyandcomparethemerchandiseandhaggletotheexpensivefun;Butallthesewillstartdisappearfromtheon-lineshopping.Otherexpertscan'tpracticethebusinessthisphenomenonattributestothesocietyinthewidespreadandexistentdoubtattitude11bankswitheachotherbecauseoffrighteneditsrivalpullstowalkcustomer;Thebankhastopulltothewalkcustomer;Thecashcardcan'tmakewidelyavailablebecausethebankdoesnotbelievethecommonpeople;Butthecommonpeopledonotliketheon-lineshoppingetc.Becauseofthebeliefoftheon-linestore.Why?Thereasonliesinon-lineandsocietyinmanyaffairsthatarealldeceitful,forexamplethedeceitfulcustomerquantity,deceitfulinterviewflowingthecovariance,counterfeitsthemerchandise,forgesthediploma,forgestheresume,deceitfulinvestment,deceitfulrank,appearsonmarketthebusinessenterprisedeceitfulacceptpersonetc..Thusacomprehensiveenvironmentwillnotchangeinverylongtimerecently.Insuchenvironment,itcan'tbeengagedinanybusinessactivity.SomanyoperatorsofIT'selectroniccommerceofournationslosttheconfidence.5).theelectroniccommerceoutlookThoughthedevelopmentisquickandseemstohavethebrightfuture.Theelectroniccommercefacesaseriesofactualproblems,forexample,involvingsafety,technique,expenses,lawsystem,revenuefromtaxsystem,idea,privacyprotection,infrastructureetc.problems.However,theelectroniccommercehasthemaincurrentofthenewbusinessenterpriseofcentury,andwilldevelopquicklyinseveralyearsofaftertime.Somecompanyestimates,untilto2003,theelectroniccommercebetweenthedevelopedcountriesofbusinessenterpriseswhichwillhave9%ofthebusinesstotalamount(13,USD0)above.Butinallaspectstheonlineconsumesoftheelectroniccommerce,untilto2002,thesalesamountwillattainUSD76,300,000,000.Butpositivesuchastheexpert'sestimate,theelectroniccommerceofChinawillcatchupwithin10yearsinthedevelopedcountries.Theyputforwardspending3to5yearstodrawupdevelopingtheelectroniccommerce.Thatofplan,policyandregulation,constructhugeandsolidtrueatofelectroniccommercesystem,willencouragethespecializedtalentedperson,excellentturntheelectroniccommercesystemofsomeprofessionsandregion;Thenwith5to7years,internationalelectroniccommerce’s,makingourelectroniccommercesystembecometheimportanceoftheinternationalelectroniccommercetoconstitutethepart;Makingwidelyavailabletheelectroniccommerceapplication,wepromotetheelectroniccommerceoftheourcountrytothehigherlevelintheaspectsofthestudy,developsandapply,attainsaverageleveloftheflourishingnation.

電子商務電子商務，或者電子貿易，或者電子商業作為一種新興的商業模式，將對社會經濟產生深遠的影響，并且在世界各地的社會發展中發揮重要作用。它代表著21世紀以后世界貿易的潮流。1)．何為電子商務？電子商務指的是通過電子傳輸方式以數字形式進行商務數據交換和在線從事的商業活動。通常，電子商務可以分成兩個層次：一是低層次電子商務，即電子商業情報、電子交易和電子契約。二是高層次電子商務，包括借助因特網從事的所有商業活動，從找尋客戶，商業談判，下訂單，在線付款，出具電子發票，至電子報關，電子納稅，全都在因特網上進行。電子商務意味著所有貿易交易實現電子化。它有以下特征：①公平自由，②高效，③全球化，④虛擬化，⑤互動性，⑥自主，⑦人性化服務。利用電子商務，客戶和供貨商可以在全球范圍相互密切和方便的聯系，因而客戶能夠從世界各個角落找到滿足其需求的理想供貨商。電子商務將改變企業相互競爭的環境，降低在傳統的市場結構中居高不下的成本。交易成本低、便于進人市場和政府鼓勵使用因特網（免稅）激活了電子商務，推動其起步伊始便迅速發展。據專家預測，到2000年，全世界電子商務將達到3,000億美元的規模。而它已經超過這一規模。為了確保電子商務的安全，應當建立電子證明中心。數字身份證用來確證身份。數字身份證的發放委托給第三方，即一家授權機構辦理，它包括持有人的識別信息（姓名、地址、聯系方式、身份證編號）、雙方共用的密鑰、有效期、密碼和授權機構的識別信息等。利用數字身份證，交易雙方能夠確保識別另一方的身份，并且確證另一方發出的信息未經更改。2)．電子商務可能產生的影響與傳統商業相比，電子商務具有以下優勢：＊覆蓋范圍廣：一個結合因特網、內聯網（企業內部的局域網）和外聯網（企業外部網絡）的網絡系統使買方、賣方、制造商及其合作伙伴能夠在世界范圍相互聯系和方便地傳輸商業情報和文件。＊功能齊全：在電子商務中，不同類別和不同層次的用戶能夠實現不同的交易目標，例如，發布商業情報、在線談判、電子付款、建立虛擬市場和在線銀行等。＊使用方便靈活：基于因特網，電子商務不受專門數據交換協議的限制。可以使用任何類型的個人計算機，在世界上的任何地點，在計算機屏幕上方便地進行交易。＊成本低：利用電子商務，能夠大大削減用于雇傭員工、維持倉庫和店面的費用及國際旅行和郵寄的開支。使用因特網的費用非常低。電子商務將對社會經濟產生重大影響：＊電子商務將改變人們在商業活動中習慣采取的行為方式。通過網絡，人們可以進人虛擬商店，四下瀏覽，挑選他們感興趣的東西，以及享受各種在線服務。另一方面，商家可以通過網絡與消費者聯系，決定購買物品（種類和數量）并結賬。政府機構能夠通過網絡進行電子招標和政府采購。＊電子商務的核心是人。它是一個社會系統。在線商店改變了人們的日常生活方式，充分體現消費者在交易中的自主權。＊電子商務改變企業生產產品的方式。通過網絡，制造商直接了解市場需求，并且按照消費者的需要安排生產。＊電