在線旅游中英文對照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)在線旅游中英文對照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)原文:ThebusinessmodelinnovationofonlinetravelinE-commerceenvironmentUGretzelAbstractOnlinetravelindustryasthecombinationoftourismandtheInternet,havedifferentcharacteristicswiththetraditionaltourism.Inthisprocess,theInternetisalwaysplayinganimportantroleintheworld.Withtheprogressofthesociety,theInternettechnologyperfectfusiontogetherwiththetraditionalcommerce,hasgivenrisetoaneweconomicform,namelytheelectroniccommerce.Electroniccommerceappearedwaspenetratedintosocietyatanalarmingrateofallwalksoflife,tobringallwalksoflifethesubversive,newchanges.Thespeedingupofthemodernizationprocess,makingonlinetravelservicesandonlinetravelservicesbusinessmodelalsohavedifferentcharacteristicsandfeatures.Keywords:e-commerce,onlinetravel,businessmodel1IntroductionComparedwithapreviousanytechnologicalrevolutioninthecomputernetworkiswidelyusedforthesymbolofthesocialimpactofmodernscienceandtechnologyrevolutioninbothdepthandbreadthisunprecedented,itisinthehumanintotheinformationagealsocreatedanewindustry,informationtechnologyindustry.Electroniccommerceifitshowsstrongvitalityandinfluence,itsimpactonthesocietyasawholebothinbreadthandindeptharefarmorethananytimebeforethescientificandtechnologicalachievements.Ontheonehand,itforcedfirmstotransferthelineofsighttothetraditionalbusinessconstraints,acrosstheexistingcompetitionboundariestocreateanewmarket.Ontheotherhand,italsocreateconditionsfortheadjustmentofenterprisebusinessmodel.Enterprisebusinessmodel,itsessenceisbusinessmodeldesignandimplementationofbusinessmodelofsystemicframeworkandtools.Therefore,inthiswithdifferentiation,personalizedforthedemandofthemainstreammarketenvironment,companiescancreate,practiceitsstrategyisessentiallyreferstotheenterprisebusinessmodelinnovationisvalid.Thebiggestcharacteristicistocustomersoftourismdemandelasticity,sensitivetotheenvironment.ThepenetrationofthethoroughapplicationoftheInternetande-commerceisboundtohaveasignificantimpactonthedevelopmentoftheindustry.Therefore,theenterprisecanbeinawholenewperspectiveofbusinessmodelinnovationasthestartingpointistheaccesstoresources,improveabilityandthekeytoachievestrategiccompetitiveadvantage.2LiteraturereviewTheriseofonlinetravelservicesanddevelopment,andchangedfromthewoodencurveofthedevelopmentoftourismindustryandtourismenterprisesoperatingmodeandbusinessprocess,influenceismore,Iwanttofocustenonlinetravelservicemanagement,therelationshipofrelevantinterestgroups,businessmodel,sales,andpureway,successfulexperienceandthedevelopmenttrendofthefuture.Fesenraaier(2008)analyzedthebusinesssituationandbusinessmodels.Thinktherearethreekindsofoperationmode:generaltouristinformationservicewebsite,onlinetravelbookingserviceagents,travelserviceandtravelproductssuppliersdirectly.AnalyzesthetravelwebsiteworksintheUnitedStates,theU.S.travelsitesisthebrandcooperation,preferentialprices,thenetworkmarketing,servicefeesandothermeasurestoboostprofits.Sigak(2007)discussesthesocialnetworksuchastheuseandmanagementofnewtechnologyofweb2.0,web2.0combinedwithonlinetravelisanewinnovation,willsetupanewonlinetravelbusinessmodel,theuseandmanagementofweb2.0willbetoinfluencebusinessdecisions.Reuver,etc.(2008)studiedtheimportanceofonlinetravelwebsitedomainnameonline,onlinedomaininfluenceconsumerconcernforitstourismwebsiteontheInternet,analyzetheimportanceofthesearchengine'sinfluenceononlinetravelandtourismsearchengine.Olson(2010)throughthetravelsites,travelsitesusersandtourismserviceproviderstothreeaspectsofsurvey,revealsthemostisaregionaltouristdestinationtravelwebsitesupplierorganization,providescomprehensivelocaltourisminformationandonlineservices.Analyzedtheuser'ssatisfaction,discusstheobstaclesforrealizingtheonlinetravelserviceliesintechnologyandfinance,Internetspeedisslowandhighcost,andputforwardthepossiblemethodstoimprovethequalityofserviceofonlinetravel.Terwiech(2005)studiedtheNYOPconsumerbehavior,analysistosimulatetheNYOPintermediatedistributorsandbargainingbetweenagroupofconsumersbuyingandsellingmodel.NYOPmiddlementoacceptpotentialbuyerschoosetoacceptorrejectafterquotation.BargainbuyingandsellingmodelthroughpricediscriminationtoshowushowtousethisNYOPbusinessmodelsetlimitsthepricetheretailerandgetabetterprofit.Fay(2004)studiedtheNYOPbusinessmodelofrepeatedissuequotation.Enterprise’ssinglebidofPricelineitmaycauserepeatedbiddingprocurement,paperstudiesthelimitconsumerthebehaviorisnotconducivetothenumberofbidNYOPcompany'sprofits.Resultsshowthatthenumberofrepeatfortheimpactontheprofitisnotunified,toohighandtoolowwillrepeattoNYOPbiddingbehaviorandtheimpactonprofits.3Onlinetravelenterprisebusinessmodelanalyses3.1Thesummaryofonlinetravelrelated3.1.1ThemeaningofonlinetravelOnlinetourismisreferstotheuseoftheInternettechnologyroutequeryreservationandtravelproducts,onlineservicesandotherrelatedtourismproducts,includesharingtourismprocessthroughthenetworkortouristexperience,andtheinteractionsbetweenpassengers.Specificinclude:tourismandthecorrespondingprepared;ongoinginteractionandtourismafterthesharingandreview.Ingeneral,theonlinetravelisthetravelserviceindustryandthecombinationofelectroniccommerce,withthe"online"toserve"tourism",andgotanewformsofoperationintheserviceindustry,inanarrowsense,tourismelectroniccommerce,broadlyspeakingistheonlinetravelindustrychain.3.1.2ThecharacteristicsofonlinetravelDependingonthetechnologyofonlinetravelreferstothenetworkthroughonlineaccessandbookingtravelproducts,andcantravelthroughthenetworktoshareortravelexperience.Onlinetravelandprimarilyduetothetraditionaltourismmodeandrefertothedifferenceofinformation,notinadditiontonootherdifference.Onlinetravelserviceisakindofmeans,throughtheInternetormobileInternettofacilitateeverybody.Nomattertraditionalwebsiteisnowonlinetravelagency,iswiththenatureoftheagents,providepassengerswithscenicareaasthecenteroftherelatedtourismproductsexperience,theultimategoalofallofthemistogetbenefits,tomaximizeprofit.Onlinetravelcostislow;thetravelagencyforthelaunchofadvertisingisincreased,butthereturnoninvestmentissmall.ItcantakeadvantageoftheInternet,reducingthecostsoftouristinformationfiltering.Throughtheverticalsearchengine,userscanlearndifferentpricedifferences,price-sensitiveonlineuserswillbeabletobuyrelativelycheaptravelproducts,asaresult,passengerscantravelthroughonlinechannelstogetproductprice,priceadvantage.Onlinetraveltomaximizetheintegrationoftheworldinthefanoftouristinformation,diversifiedservicestorealized.Mobilenetworkapplicationisbreakthroughspaceconstraints,promotedthegrowthofonlinetravel.Thetravelspeedofnetworkmarketing,transmissionrangeiswide,advertisingeffectisobvious.Tourismproductdifferentiation,servicecontent,theadvantageofdiversityandtourismusersdonotneedtoon-the-spotinvestigation,canthroughonlineaccesstoothertouriststravelinformationsharing.Networkinteractiveadvantageuserconfidenceisinthetourismproduct,thetourismbecomeagroupofpotentialcustomers.3.2TheonlinetravelbusinessmodelanditsoperationOnlinetravelmarketsize,andhashugepotential,onlinetravelcompaniesincompetition,manydifferentkindsofbusinessmodels,andtodiversifyitsbusinessmodelinclude:Theagentserviceisbusinessmodel.Seethisbusinessmodelismore.Theonlinetravelcompaniesactastheroleofintermediatedistributors,providetradingservicesforusersandproductsuppliers,anddrawacertainproportioninthetradingcommission.Thebusinessmodelofthelowertradingrevenues,buttheincomeisstable.Singlereservationmode,subdividingtheindividualcontentoftourismexperience,havespecialonlyresponsibleforhotelreservationwebsite,onlyresponsibleforcarrentalBookingwebsiteandonlymakeareservationforflightBookingwebsite,etc.,suchashotelreservationservicesonlyAgoraandBooking,etc.,onlyprovideAviscarrentalservice.Socialmediaeverythingisbusinessmodel.ThemodelthroughtheInternetforreviewsoftourandtravelguides,tourisminformationsharing,novelsharegatheredalargenumberofthetargetgroupofsocialinteraction,producetraffic,atthesametimeusethedisplayofthecontentsandadvertisementsinmasseffect,itsmainsourceofprofitsiscontentdisplayandads.ThisnewonlineistravelenterpriseprofitmodelwithTonbehalfoftheenterprise.Users'bidmodeisnamelytheNYOPbusinessmodel.ThebusinessmodelpioneeredintheUnitedStates,themainbusinesshotelreservation,ticketbooking,tankers,carrentalanddestinationscenicareacooperationbusiness,withtheproductquantityandrelativelyfixedpricetogetthecorrespondinggoods,onlinetravelserviceprovidersasintermediatedistributorshavepricingpower,providefuzzyinformationtoconsumers,theasymmetricinformationofearncommoditypricebiddingbehavior.Incomeishigher;themodelofsingledealmainprofitsourceistheproductofthedifference.E-commercedevelopmentmodelisonlinetourismCommodityExchangeacceleration,goodsonlinemall.Duetothetraditionaltourismholdstheproportionoftheresources,theadvantageofelectricbusinessmodelmakesthetraditionaltravelagenciestoconsideronlineservices,usingtheofflineproductsonlinesalesnetwork,bothonlineandofflinesaleschannels.Tourismmarketinthefuture,therewillbenodifferencebetweentraditionaltourismandonlinetravelsites,onlinetravelcompaniestoofflinechannels,andtraditionaltourismenterprisesstarttoonlineservicechannel,tourismenterprisesdoublechannelsoftheonlineandofflinetwo-wayintegrationofthebusinessmodelinevitabletrend.Relatedbusinessmodelarelativelystableearnings,duetothepoweroftheweb,pricedifferenceisnotobvious,profitspaceissmall.4ConclusionsOnlinetravelindustryisthedevelopmenttrendofintelligenttourismandsocialservices,sothedevelopmentofonlinetravelservicebusinessmodeltotheintelligentandhighqualityofservicedevelopment.Informationtocontinuetostrengthen,theadvantagesofusingnewtechnologytoadapttotheneedsofsocialdevelopment,meetpeople'sneeds,intelligentismeans.Tourismisaserviceindustryexperience,theultimatepurposeistoimprovetheserviceandcustomersatisfaction,informationintoaconsumerexperience,nomatterhowtourismlandscapechanges,toservethecommunityforthepurpose.Future,informationtechnologywillfurtherdevelopment,thedevelopmentoftheonlinetravelindustrychainarebuiltonthebasisofthemobilenetworktodevelop,theonlinetravelservicefromtheuserneedstohavethenecessaryqualityofservice,moreoveralsorequiresattentiontotwo-wayintegrationofonlineandofflinebusiness.譯文:電子商務(wù)環(huán)境下的在線旅游模式創(chuàng)新UGretzel摘要在線旅游業(yè)作為旅游業(yè)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的結(jié)合,有著與傳統(tǒng)旅游業(yè)不同的特點。在此過程中,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)始終扮演著舉足輕重的角色。隨著社會的進(jìn)步,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)商務(wù)完美融合在一起，催生了一種全新的經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài),即電子商務(wù)。電子商務(wù)一出現(xiàn)就以驚人的速度滲透到社會的各行各業(yè),給各行各業(yè)帶了顛覆性的、全新的變化。現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的加快,使得在線旅游服務(wù)和在線旅游服務(wù)商業(yè)模式也有著不同的特點和特征。關(guān)鍵詞：電子商務(wù)，在線旅游，商業(yè)模式1引言與以往的任何一次科技革命相比,以計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣泛應(yīng)用為標(biāo)志的現(xiàn)代科技革命對社會的影響無論是在深度上還是廣度上都是史無前例的,它在把人類帶入了信息時代的同時也締造了一個全新的產(chǎn)業(yè)——信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)。電子商務(wù)一經(jīng)出現(xiàn)就顯示了極強的生命力和影響力,它對整個社會的影響無論是在廣度還是在深度上都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了之前的任何一次科技成就。一方面,它迫使企業(yè)將視線轉(zhuǎn)移到傳統(tǒng)的商戰(zhàn)限制性因素之外,跨越現(xiàn)有的競爭界限去開創(chuàng)全新的市場。另一方面,它也為企業(yè)商業(yè)模式的調(diào)整創(chuàng)造了條件。企業(yè)的商業(yè)模式,其本質(zhì)是設(shè)計商業(yè)模式并實施商業(yè)模式的系統(tǒng)性框架和工具。因此,在這個以差異化、個性化為主流的需求市場環(huán)境下,企業(yè)能否開創(chuàng)、實踐其戰(zhàn)略實質(zhì)上是指企業(yè)的商業(yè)模式創(chuàng)新是否有效。旅游業(yè)的最大的特點就是客戶需求彈性大、對外界環(huán)境敏感。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的深入應(yīng)用以及電子商務(wù)的滲透必定會對整個行業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。因此,企業(yè)能否以全新的視角把商業(yè)模式創(chuàng)新作為出發(fā)點是企業(yè)能否獲得資源、提升能力并進(jìn)一步取得戰(zhàn)略競爭優(yōu)勢的關(guān)鍵所在。2文獻(xiàn)綜述在線旅行服務(wù)的興起與發(fā)展,從根木上改變了旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展曲線與旅游企業(yè)的操作方式及業(yè)務(wù)流程,影響較多,主要集中十在線旅行服務(wù)的經(jīng)營情況、相關(guān)利益群體的關(guān)系、商業(yè)模式、銷售柒道、成功經(jīng)驗及未來的發(fā)展趨勢。Fesenraaier(2008)分析了經(jīng)營情況和商業(yè)模式。認(rèn)為運營模式有三類:一般旅游信息服務(wù)網(wǎng)站、在線旅游預(yù)訂服務(wù)代理商、旅游服務(wù)和旅游商品的直接供應(yīng)商。分析了美國旅游網(wǎng)站的運作方式,美國旅游網(wǎng)站多是以品牌合作、降價優(yōu)惠、網(wǎng)絡(luò)營銷廣告、服務(wù)傭金等措施提升利潤。Sigak等(2007)探討了社會化網(wǎng)絡(luò)新技術(shù)web2.0的使用和管理,web2.0與在線旅游結(jié)合是一種新的創(chuàng)新,將開辟全新的在線旅游商業(yè)模式,web2.0的使用和管理會對企業(yè)決策產(chǎn)生影響。Reuver等(2008)研究了在線旅游網(wǎng)站在線域名的重要性,在線域名影響消費者對其旅游網(wǎng)站在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的關(guān)注程度,分析搜索引擎的重要性及旅游搜索引擎對在線旅游的影響。Olson（2010）通過對旅游網(wǎng)站,旅游網(wǎng)站用戶和旅游網(wǎng)站服務(wù)供應(yīng)商三個方面的調(diào)查,揭示了多數(shù)旅游網(wǎng)站供應(yīng)商是區(qū)域性的旅游目的地組織,提供全面的當(dāng)?shù)芈糜涡畔⒑驮诰€服務(wù)。分析了用戶的滿意程度,討論實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上旅游服務(wù)的障礙主要在于技術(shù)和財務(wù),上網(wǎng)速度慢且費用高,并提出可能的方法來提升在線旅游的服務(wù)質(zhì)量。Terwiech（2005)研究了NYOP的消費者行為,分析模擬了NYOP中間銷售商和一組消費者之間討價還價的買賣模型。NYOP中間商接受潛在買家的報價后選擇接受或拒絕。討價還價的買賣模型通過價格歧視向我們展示如何利用這種NYOP商業(yè)模式設(shè)定限制價格并獲得較優(yōu)的零售商利潤。Fay(2004)研究了NYOP商業(yè)模式的重復(fù)報價問題。Priceline企業(yè)的單次出價的限制可能會導(dǎo)致部分重復(fù)的招標(biāo)采購,論文研究了限制消費者出價次數(shù)的行為是否不利于NYOP公司的利潤獲取。結(jié)果表明重復(fù)競價的次數(shù)對利潤的影響并不統(tǒng)一,過高和過低的競價都會致NYOP的重復(fù)競價行為,并對利潤產(chǎn)生影響。3在線旅游企業(yè)商業(yè)模式分析3.1在線旅游相關(guān)概述3.1.1在線旅游的含義在線旅游是指利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)進(jìn)行旅游路線查詢和旅游產(chǎn)品預(yù)定,及其他相關(guān)旅游產(chǎn)品的在線服務(wù),還包括通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)分享旅游過程或旅游經(jīng)驗、旅客間的互動等。具體包括：旅游及相應(yīng)的行前準(zhǔn)備；旅游進(jìn)行中的互動以及旅游結(jié)束后的分享和點評。綜合來講，在線旅游就是把旅游服務(wù)業(yè)與電子商務(wù)相結(jié)合,用“在線”來為“旅游”服務(wù),從而得到了一個新的服務(wù)業(yè)態(tài),狹義上講就是旅游電子商務(wù),廣義上來講就是在線旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。3.1.2在線旅游的特點在線旅游是指以網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)為依托,通過在線網(wǎng)絡(luò)查閱和預(yù)訂旅游產(chǎn)品,并可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)分享旅游或旅行經(jīng)驗。在線旅游和傳統(tǒng)的旅游主要是預(yù)訂方式和查閱信息的區(qū)別,沒除此之外沒有其他任何的區(qū)別。在線旅游是一種服務(wù)手段,通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)或移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來方便大家。不論傳統(tǒng)的旅行社還是現(xiàn)在的在線旅游網(wǎng)站,都是具有代理中介的