英語中的時態動詞時態是謂語動詞所表示動作和情況發生時的各種形式。動詞時態英語時態共有16種，其中常用時態為12種.tense一般進行完成完成進行現在dodoesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing過去didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing將來shall/willdoshall/willbedoingshall/willhavedone過去將來should/woulddo時態時間1.一般現在時表示經常性,習慣性的動作,表示現在的狀態和動作.常與頻度副詞連用.Henevercomestoschoolwithouttakingataxi.Wedon’tlikeChineseclassesbecausetheyaresoboring.Itoftenrainshereinwinter.often,usuallyalwayssometimesseldomnever,everydayfrequently…普遍真理,諺語,科學論斷,劇本等1.Doyouknowhowfastsoundtravels?2.Galileodecidedthatobjectsfalltothegroundatthesamespeedexceptthattheairholdsthemback.3.Waterboilsat100°C.4.Pridegoesbeforeafall.5.MoreteenagersTryCigarettes在時間與條件句子中表示將來如：when,if,until,unless,before,assoonas,after,everytime,themore…themore…程度狀語從句中等。

Supposehecomestomorrowwithagun,whatshallwedo?Themoreyougivehim,themorehewants.

Wouldyoupleasegivehimthemessagethemomenthe_____?A.arrivesB.istoarriveC.willarriveD.willbearriving2.He’llhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe____fromtheuniversity.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate√√注意下面一般現在時在句中的用法Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.Beforeyouleavetheclassroom,seetoitthatthedoorislocked.ThetrainfromBeijingarrivesatPlatform8at8:15在There,here開頭的倒裝句結構中,在makesure,seetoitthat,besure短語后接從句結構中和時間表規定好的要發生的動作,通常使用一般現在時.高考時態題1.IknowalittlebitaboutItalyasmywifeandI________thereseveralyearsago.aregoingB.hadbeenC.wentD.havebeen(全國07)√2.—Didyoutidyyourroom?—No,IwasgoingtotidymyroombutI

______visitors.A．hadB．haveC．havehadD．willhave上海07√3.HowcanIapplyforanonlinecourse?Justfilloutthisformandwe_____whatwecandofouryou.A．seeB．areseeingC．haveseenD.willsee(北京07)√4.John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe_______forthewedding.

A.willplan B.hasplanned C.wouldplanD.hadplanned(全國06)√5.Iwon'ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe____onitformorethananhour.A.hasbeenworkingB.willhaveworkedC.willhavebeenworkingD.hadworked(湖北06)√6.Mary,______here--everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.coming(06)全國√7.Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement______.A．hasbeenreachedB．hadbeenreachedC．hasreached D．hadreached(江蘇07)√8.Theflowersweresolovelythatthey___innotime.soldB.hadbeensoldC.weresoldD.wouldsell(全國07)√2.現在進行時構成:am/is/are+現在分詞表示現在或現在一階段所進行的動作：Whereisyourfather?Heisplayingmahjongdowninthebasement.Wearethinkingofsettingupabandsincesomanystudentslikeplayingmusicinstruments.表示思維、狀態與感覺的動詞如love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,believe,think等一般不用進行時。Whatdoyouthinkof(about)thenewteacher?比較：Whatareyouthinkingabout?（“思考”不是“認為”）表示感覺的動詞不用進行時,而用一般現在時,如:feel,taste,smell,look…表示狀態的詞,如:contain,include,have,exist,belong等不用進行時Thematerialfeelssoft.TheexpensivecarbelongstoMr.Green.表示說話人的感情,如:贊揚,厭惡,帶有感情色彩,常與always連用.Youarealwayscominglate.Heisalwaysdoingwellintheexamination.表示最近或按計劃安排的動作：ThebusisarrivingatXingzhuangstation(stop).I’mverysadbecausemyolddogisdying.1.-Isthisraincoatyours?

-No,mine____therebehindthedoor.

A.ishanging B.hashung C.hangs D.hung2．I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida.I_______mymum.A．amtaking B．havetakenC．take D．willhavetaken3．Anewcinema____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A．willbebuilt B．isbuilt C．hasbeenbuiltD．isbeingbuilt√√√3.一般將來時表示將要發生的動作或情況We’ll(shall,will)becarefulindealingwithsuchkindofpeople.ShallImakeaphotocopyofit?(詢問)ShallwegototheOrientalPearlTowertohaveaskydivingthere?（建議）u

begoingto亦可表示將來或有跡象表明要發生的情況。注意，在表示“打算”、“準備”做什么時，往往不用will(shall)，如：Lookatthedarkcloud.Ithinkit’sgoingtorain.Wearegoingtohaveapicnicnextweekend.如：Whensheleavesyou,you’llfindyoucan’tdowithouther.但是，雖然begoingto可以用來表示將來，但有條件句或表示假設的時間狀語從句的主句中，一般都使用will而不是

begoingtoIfyoudaretobullykidsagain,you’llbedead.u

betodosth.表示計劃、安排、預計等ThetunnelistobeopentotrafficonNewYear’sDay.ThepresidentistoarriveinBeijingthisafternoon.Youarenottoopenthedoor.表示命令表示動作即將發生Theywereabouttoleave.此結構不與時間狀語連用.beabouttodo..You’veleftthelighton.Oh,soIhave.____andturnitoff.A.I’llgoB.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoing—Don'tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.

—______.

A.Idon't

B.Iwon't

C.Ican't

D.Ihaven't√√3.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey____.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive√4.Nextyearmysister___tenyearsold.shallB.isgoingtobeC.isabouttobeD.willbe√一般將來時小節:will/shall+動詞原形表示將來發生的動作或狀態.2.begoingtodo表示最近人的打算,意圖或有跡象表明要發生的事情.3.betodo事先安排好要發生的事情4.beabouttodo即將要發生的事情.4.一般過去時表達過去的情況或動作。Whoputforwardthesuggestion?Ididn'tknowyouwerehere.*Sheworkedfortenhoursyesterday.容易寫成：Shehadworkedfortenhours…應該用過去時但常常被忽略的例子：Whatwasthescore?（比賽已經過去）Howdidyoulikeherperformance?（剛剛演完）Ididn’tknowyouwereapoliceofficer.（現在知道了）Ineverthoughtshewouldbeyourwife!（當時沒想到）Ididn’texpecttomeetyouhere.（當時沒有料到）1.─Yourphonenumberagain?I____quitecatchit.─It's9568442.

A.didn't

B.couldn't

C.don't

D.can't2.–Nancyisnotcomingtonight.

--Butshe_____!

A.promises B.promisedC.willpromise D.hadpromised√√3.Thesummerholidayswehadbeenlookingforwardto___atlast.A.comingB.havingcomeC.hadcomeD.came√5.現在完成時構成:have/has+過去分詞A.從過去某時到現在為止所發生的情況Wehaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime.Howmanypagesofthestoryhaveyouread?B.對現在依然有影響的情況和動作Seewhatyou’vedone!You’vegrownintoayoungman!要點：有下面的時間狀語要用完成時：since,sofar,uptonow,inthepast/lastfewyears(days),etc.

有具體過去時間，不用完成時 動詞不可延續，伴有連續時間狀語，不用完成時。如： ╳WehavecometoShanghaiforalmostthreemonths.1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I____her severaltimes.

A.hadmet

B.havemet

C.met

D.meet√2.IwonderwhyJenny___tousrecently.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten√3.Howlong___atthisjob?Since1998.wereemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyouemployed√4.Wehaven’tseenyou____.inthepastfouryearsB.sincefouryearsC.lastfouryearsD.fouryearsago√6.現在完成進行時注意現在完成進行時與現在完成時的比較構成:have/hasbeen+現在分詞過去某一時間開始發生到現在連續的動作和情況,動作也許還會持續下去Hehasbeencuttingthetreesincelunch.(Thetreeisstillthere.)比較：Hehascutthetree.(Maybethetreeiscutdown)Ihavewrittenaletter.(已寫完)Ihavebeenwritingaletter.(還在寫)Thesunhasrisen.太陽已升起來了.Thesunhasbeenrising.太陽正在冉冉升起1.Eventhoughthey___fortwentyyears,thetwoneighboursarenotongoodterms.A.havebeenlivedsidebysideB.hadbeenlivingsidebysideC.havebeensidebysidelivingD.havebeenlivingsidebyside√2.She___onthisessayfortwentyminutesbutshehaswrittenonlyaboutahundredwords.A.willbeworking B.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.willhaveworked√3.He___letterssincebreakfastandhe___threeletterssofar.haswritten;wrotehasbeenwriting;haswritteniswriting;haswrittenhasbeenwriting;writes√7.過去進行時構成:was/were+現在分詞表示過去某個時刻正在進行的動作。Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?AtthattimeshewaswatchingaTVprogramme.往往有具體的時間狀語，如:lastnight,atthattime,whenIcalled…,etc.過去進行時的使用實例：

警察破案調查：--Whatwereyoudoingwhenthemurderhappened?--Iwashavingagoodtimedancingwithalady.講述故事，描寫故事發生背景：

Oneday,wewerewalkingalongtheriverbankwhensuddenlyweheardsomebodycryingforhelp.…例：Shirley_____abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.

A.haswrittenB.wrote

C.hadwrittenD.waswriting

√IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hasbeenworkingD.hasworked√8.過去完成時構成:had+過去分詞表示過去某一時刻之前發生的動作（過去的過去）。Bythetimehegraduatedfromuniversity,hehadlearnedaboutthreeforeignlanguages.Nosoonerhad…than…,Hardly(scarcely)had…when….需要倒裝。Nosoonerhadhearrivedhomethanitbegantorain.正常語序：Hehadnosoonerarrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.通常有下面的時間狀語出現：by…,untilthen,when…,before…,etc特別是在這樣的句型中：很多時候，句子并沒有給出時間狀語的提示，需要從上下文判斷是否有一個動作先發生。HecametoJapanfinally.Hehadn’tlearntawordofJapanesebefore.FortunatelyhecouldoftenrecognizetheJapanesewordswhichlookedmoreorlesssimilartoChinese.1.Hewasverysad,becausehedidn’tfindajobthoughhe_____foritforthreemonthswaslooking B.hasbeenlookingC.lookedD.hadlooked√2.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium___inBeijing.wouldbecompletedwasbeingcompletedhasbeencompletedhadbeencompleted√動詞語態(voice)動詞語態是表示動詞主語與動詞所表示的動作之間關系的一種動詞形式.動詞語態有兩種.主動(activevoice)和被動(passivevoice).主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者.被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者.構成:be+過去分詞,其時態由be的不同時態來表示.一般進行完成現在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone過去將來should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldhavebeendone時間狀態情態動詞的被動結構情態動詞+bedone一些特殊的被動語態:1.帶復合賓語的動詞在改為被動語態時,一般把主動結構中的賓語改為主語,賓補保留在謂語后面.Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.2.常見主動形式表示被動意義的有:動詞want,need,require,deserve后用動名詞的主動形式Thechildrenneedlookingafter.Thepointdeservesmentioning.3.在以下動詞sell,read,wash,photograph,write,open,iron,worth,等后,用主動表示被動Thepencilwritessmoothly.Thedoorwon’topen/shut.Thegirldoesn’tphotographwell.Thegirlisn’tphotographedwell.Thebooksellswell.Thebookhasbeensold.Thematerialdoesn’twashwell.Thefilmisworthseeingtwice.Dampclothesironeasily.3.感官系動詞不用被動式:feel,smell,sound,taste,prove

…Thepieceofmeatsmell