2024屆高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題★★并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句及特殊句式考點(diǎn)1并列連詞并列連詞連接兩個(gè)互不依存的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句。并列連詞連接兩個(gè)分句就構(gòu)成了并列復(fù)合句。一、表示順承或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:and,both...and...,notonly...but(also)...,aswellas,neither...nor...等1)and:①意為“和,與,且,又”,表順承、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系;②表示動(dòng)作長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地“繼續(xù)”或“重復(fù)”。Localpeopleliveinoldhousesandtheyareveryfriendly.當(dāng)?shù)厝松钤谂f房子里并且他們很友好。Wewaitedandwaited.我們等了又等。2)both...and...意為“既……又……,兩個(gè)都”。Hespokewithbothkindnessandunderstanding.他說(shuō)話既親切又明事理。3)notonly...but(also)...意為“不僅……而且……”。Notonlymenbut(also)womenwerechosen.被選中的不僅有男性還有女性。4)aswellas意為“也,還”。Theyhaveaflatintownaswellasinthecountryside.他們?cè)诔抢镉幸惶坠?在鄉(xiāng)村也有。考點(diǎn)清單5)neither...nor...意為“既不……也不……”。NeitherTomnorHelenishard-working.湯姆和海倫都不勤奮。二、表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系:but,yet,not...but...,while等1)but意為“但,而,然而”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,不能與從屬連詞although,though,while連用。Therearemanykindsofsports,butmyfavoriteisswimming.有許多種運(yùn)動(dòng),但我最喜歡的是游泳。2)yet意為“但,而,然而”,既可以用作并列連詞,也可以用作副詞。Heispoor,yetheishappy.雖然他很窮,但是他很快樂(lè)。(yet為連詞)Althoughheispoor,yetheishappy.雖然他很窮,但是他很快樂(lè)。(yet為副詞)3)not...but...意為“不是……而是……”。Heisnotateacherbutadoctor.他不是老師而是醫(yī)生。4)while意為“而,然而”,表示對(duì)比。There'snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscoverywhileanotherman,alsointel-

ligent,fails.沒(méi)有辦法知道為什么一個(gè)人會(huì)有重大發(fā)現(xiàn),而另一個(gè)人也很聰明卻做不到。三、表示選擇關(guān)系:or,either...or...等1)or意為“或,或者,還是”,表選擇關(guān)系。Shallwegotothecinemaorstayathome?我們是去看電影還是待在家里?2)either...or...意為“要么……要么……”。EitheryouaremadorIam.不是你瘋了就是我瘋了。四、表示因果關(guān)系:so,for等1)so意為“因此,所以”,表因果關(guān)系,不能與從屬連詞because連用。Hewaslateagain,sotheteacherwasveryangry.他再次遲到,所以老師很生氣。2)for意為“因?yàn)椤?表因果關(guān)系。Icannottellwhethersheisoldoryoung,forIhaveneverseenher.我不知道她是年老還是年輕,因?yàn)?/p>

我從未見過(guò)她。五、含并列連詞的固定句型1)祈使句+and+陳述句,相當(dāng)于“if從句+主句”。Workhardandyou'llsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,you'llsucceed.努力工作,你就會(huì)成功。2)祈使句+or+陳述句,相當(dāng)于“if...not...+主句”。Dresswarmly,oryou'llcatchacold.=Ifyoudon'tdresswarmly,you'llcatchacold.穿暖和點(diǎn),否則你

會(huì)感冒的。……,這時(shí)(突然)……。Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.我們正在開會(huì),這時(shí)有人闖了進(jìn)來(lái)。……,這時(shí)(突然)……。Wewereabouttosetoffwhensuddenlyitbegantorain.我們正打算動(dòng)身,這時(shí)突然下起了雨。……,這時(shí)(突然)……。IhadjustfinishedmyhomeworkwhenTomcametome.我剛寫完作業(yè),這時(shí)湯姆就來(lái)找我了。三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞常用which(指物)或whom(指人),即“介詞+

which/whom”,且which或whom不能省略。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson,towhomshecouldturnforhelp.在黑暗的街道上,沒(méi)有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。HehasthreeEnglishtextbooks,allofwhicharelost.他有三本英語(yǔ)課本,都丟了。2)“復(fù)合介詞短語(yǔ)+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常與先行詞用逗號(hào)分開。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵

又大又高的樹。Hehadabadcold,asaresultofwhichhewasabsentfromschoollastweek.他得了重感冒,結(jié)果他上

周沒(méi)上課。注意

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選擇要根據(jù)介詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞等構(gòu)成的固

定搭配或與先行詞的關(guān)系(所屬關(guān)系)。的校長(zhǎng)。You'vemadegreatprogressinEnglish,ofwhichI'mgreatlyproud.你在英語(yǔ)方面取得了巨大的進(jìn)步,為此我感到很驕傲。Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofwhomarefamilymembers.約翰邀請(qǐng)了大約40人參加婚禮,其中大多數(shù)是家庭成員。四、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1)when指代時(shí)間,在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),可改為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Icanstillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)Ijoinedthearmy.我仍然記得我參軍的那一天。2)where指代地點(diǎn),在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),可改為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Canyoutellmetheofficewhere(inwhich)heworks?你能告訴我他工作的辦公室嗎?3)why指代原因,在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),可改為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Thereasonwhy(forwhich)

應(yīng)該多植樹的原因是樹木可以美化環(huán)境。注意

①關(guān)系副詞why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。②當(dāng)先行詞為atmosphere,case,point,situation,stage等抽象的地點(diǎn)名詞且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。IhavereachedapointinmylifewhereIamsupposedtomakedecisionsonmyown.我已經(jīng)到了人生中應(yīng)該自己做決定的階段了。五、在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,只能用關(guān)系代詞that不能用which的情況1)當(dāng)先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing等時(shí)。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.最后,這個(gè)小偷將他所盜竊的所有

東西都交予了警方。2)當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,theright等詞語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)。ThisistheverybookthatIwaslookingfor.這正是我當(dāng)時(shí)在尋找的書。3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí),或者被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。Thistrainisthefirst(one)thatwillgotoSuzhou.這是去蘇州的第一趟火車。4)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthatthey'retalkingabout?你知道他們正在談?wù)摰娜撕褪聠?考點(diǎn)3名詞性從句名詞性從句是一種具有名詞功能的非獨(dú)立分句。名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從

句、同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞有:1)連接代詞:what(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),which(ever),whose。作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。2)連接副詞:when,where,how,why。作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。3)從屬連詞:that,whether,if。不作成分。一、that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1)Itis/was+形容詞/名詞/過(guò)去分詞+that從句.Itiscertainthatourteamwillwinthegame.我們隊(duì)一定會(huì)贏得比賽。Itisnowonderthatourteamwonthegame.我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽不足為奇。2)It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句.Itneveroccurredtomethat

功說(shuō)服他改變主意。2)whatever相當(dāng)于anythingthat...,意為“……的任何東西”。Youcantakewhatever(=anythingthat)youlike.你可以拿走你喜歡的任何東西。3)whichever相當(dāng)于anymemberofagroupofpeopleorthingsthat...,意為“(在某范圍之內(nèi))……的

任何人或物”。Whicheverbookheboughtwouldbepaidfor.(這些書中)無(wú)論他買哪一本書都要付款。Itdoesn'tmattertomewhicheveryouchoose.你選擇哪一個(gè)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)都無(wú)所謂。4)whoever相當(dāng)于anyonewho,意為“……的任何人”。Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoever

會(huì)獎(jiǎng)給任何在自行車比賽中獲得第一名的人。三、連接副詞when,where,how,why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1)賓語(yǔ)從句:Youcan'timaginehowclosewearetosuccess.你無(wú)法想象我們離成功有多近。2)主語(yǔ)從句:Whyhe'softenabsentfromclassisamystery.他為什么總是缺課是個(gè)謎。3)表語(yǔ)從句:Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn'tattendschool.我感冒了,因此我沒(méi)上學(xué)。注意

why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。Ididn'tattendschool.That'sbecauseIhadacold.我沒(méi)上學(xué),那是因?yàn)槲腋忻傲恕henewscamearoundtwointheafternoonthat

息在下午兩點(diǎn)左右傳來(lái)。特征

①that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前面的名詞起解釋說(shuō)明的作用;②that后面的themeetingwould

bepostponed是完整的句子。六、that,what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別1)that不可省略(賓語(yǔ)從句除外),在從句中不作成分,沒(méi)有意義。Thathewillsucceedisobvious.顯然,他會(huì)成功。2)what不可省略,在從句中作成分,有詞義(一般指……的東西/事情/人等)。Whatshetoldmeisnottrue.她所告訴我的都不是真的。七、doubt后的名詞性從句1)在否定句式中,用that引導(dǎo)。Thereisnodoubtthatwe'llwin.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),我們會(huì)贏。Idon'tdoubtthatyouarehonest.我不懷疑你的誠(chéng)實(shí)。2)在肯定句式中,doubt用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),用whether/if引導(dǎo);doubt用作名詞時(shí),用whether引導(dǎo)。Idoubtwhether/ifitistrue.我懷疑它是否真實(shí)。Thereisstillsomedoubtwhether。考點(diǎn)4狀語(yǔ)從句一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1.when,while,as1)when意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.當(dāng)電影結(jié)束的時(shí)候,人們便回去了。2)while意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Pleasedon'ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.別人在工作時(shí)請(qǐng)別那么大聲談話。3)as意為“一邊……一邊……;隨著;當(dāng)……時(shí)”,狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Astimegoeson,it'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.隨著時(shí)間的推移,天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和了。2.表示“一……就……”的連詞:assoonas,once,themoment/theinstant/theminute,immediately/directly,hardly/scarcely...when.../no

sooner...than...IwillcallyouassoonasIarrive.我一到就給你打電話。ThemomentIsawhim,Igavethebooktohim.我一見到他就把書給他了。Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.那個(gè)男孩一見到他媽媽便放聲大哭。Hardly/NosoonerhadIgothomewhen/thanitbegantorain.我一到家天就下起雨來(lái)。3.till,until,not...until1)till(用于句中),until(用于句首、句中)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,意為“某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某時(shí)間點(diǎn)才停止”。Heremainedthereuntil/tillshearrived.他在那兒一直待到她來(lái)。UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.直到你告訴我,我才知道此事。2)not...until主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,意為“某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開始”。Ididn'tleavethereuntilhecameback.直到他回來(lái)我才離開那里。(一般句式)NotuntilhecamebackdidIleavethere.直到他回來(lái)我才離開那里。(倒裝句式)ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIleftthere.直到他回來(lái)我才離開那里。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句式)4.after,before,since1)after在……之后Hechangedhismindafter。三、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1.though/although/while雖然,盡管Although/Though/Whileheisshortofmoney,hefeelshappy.雖然他很缺錢,但他感覺(jué)到幸福。2.as雖然,盡管常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“名詞/動(dòng)詞/形容詞/副詞+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”。Childasheis,theboyknowsalot.盡管還是個(gè)孩子,但這個(gè)男孩懂得很多。Hardashestudies,hestillcan'tcatchupwithothers.盡管他學(xué)習(xí)努力,但是他仍然趕不上別人。3.evenif/eventhough即使,盡管Evenif/Eventhoughitisraining,we'llgothere.即使下著雨,我們也要去那里。4.whether...or...無(wú)論……還是……Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.不管你相信與否,那都是真的。5.“疑問(wèn)詞+-ever”與“nomatter+疑問(wèn)詞”表示“不管……;無(wú)論……”Howeverseriousaproblem/Nomatterhowseriousaproblemyoumayhave,youshouldgatheryour

couragetofacethechallenge.無(wú)論你有什么嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題,你都要鼓足勇氣面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。Whatever/Nomatterwhatyoulike,youcantakeit.不管你喜歡什么,你都可以拿走。Wherever/Nomatterwhereyouare,youmusttakegoodcareofyourself.無(wú)論你在哪里,你都要好好

照顧自己。四、條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:if,unless(除非),as/solongas(只要),incase(萬(wàn)一),onconditionthat(條件

是),suppose/supposingthat(假設(shè)/如果),providedthat(如果)。Myparentsdon'tmindwhatjobIdoaslongasIamhappy.只要我開心,父母不介意我做什么工作。You'llfailintheexamunlessyoustudyhard.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你考試會(huì)不及格。五、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句1.so...that...

Mikeissohonestaworker/suchanhonestworkerthat

工人,以至于我們都信任他。Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn'tsupporthisfamily.他掙這么少的錢,以至于養(yǎng)不起家。2.such...that...

Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.天氣如此晴朗,以至于我們都想去公園。六、原因狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:because,as,since/nowthat(既然),inthat(因?yàn)?。Iwasabsentfromthemeetingbecause/asIwasill.因?yàn)槲也×?所以我缺席了會(huì)議。Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,let'sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都在這里,我們開始開會(huì)吧。七、目的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:sothat/inorderthat(為了/以便于),forfearthat(唯恐/擔(dān)心),incase(以防

/以免)。Rosesneedspecialcaresothat/inorderthattheycanlivethroughwinter.玫瑰需要特殊的護(hù)理,以便它們可以度過(guò)冬天。Takethisumbrellaincaseitrains.帶上這把傘吧,以防下雨。Marydidn'twanttogetoutofbedforfearthatshemightwakeherbabyup.瑪麗不想起床,擔(dān)心吵醒

孩子。八、方式狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有:as(正如/像),asif/asthough(好像/仿佛)。WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Theoldladytreatstheboyasif/asthough

是她親孫子一樣。九、比較狀語(yǔ)從句1.as...as...和……一樣……Thereareasmanypeopleinourtownas(thereare)inyourtown.我們鎮(zhèn)的人口和你們鎮(zhèn)的人口一樣多。……更Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.我犯的錯(cuò)誤比你犯的錯(cuò)誤更多。3.“the+比較級(jí)(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)),the+比較級(jí)(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))”意為“越……,越……”。Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙越開心。考點(diǎn)5特殊句式一、祈使句定義:表示命令、建議、請(qǐng)求、禁止、警告、勸告等的句子。

Standthere!站在那兒!Letmehaveabreak.讓我歇會(huì)兒。Beseated,please.請(qǐng)坐。

Pleasedon'tforgettotakeyourmedicine.請(qǐng)你不要忘了吃藥。Lethimnotstandintherain.讓他別站在雨里了。4)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:將助動(dòng)詞do,did或does放在動(dòng)詞原形前。Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他的確給你寫信了。Tomdoesstudyhardnow.現(xiàn)在湯姆的確學(xué)習(xí)很努力。三、完全倒裝謂語(yǔ)部分完全放在主語(yǔ)之前的句子為完全倒裝句。這類句型主要有兩種:1)表示方位或方式的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ),如here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away,atthefootof,inthe

room,onthewall,underthetree等置于句首,且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)。Atthefootofthemountainrunsasmallriver.山腳下流淌著一條小河。Underthetreestandtwotablesandfourchairs.樹下放著兩張桌子和四把椅子。Outrushedthechildrenwhenthebellrang.鈴聲一響,孩子們就沖了出去。2)such+be+主語(yǔ)SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury'sgreatestscientist.這就是阿爾伯特·愛(ài)因

斯坦,一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)樸的人,也是20世紀(jì)最偉大的科學(xué)家。四、部分倒裝只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分(多為be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)置于主語(yǔ)之前的句子叫部分倒裝句。1)表否定意義的副詞never,nor,not(與until連用),hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,barely及表示否定意義

的介詞短語(yǔ)atnotime,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition等置于句首時(shí)。HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.我當(dāng)時(shí)幾乎不知道發(fā)生了什么。Notuntilrecentlyhave

性。2)only修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或從句作狀語(yǔ),且放在句首時(shí)。Onlyinthiswaycanwemakeaharmonioussociety.只有這樣,我們才能建造一個(gè)和諧的社會(huì)。Onlyifwetakeappropriatemeasureswillwe

的措施,我們才能應(yīng)對(duì)目前的情況。3)“so+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”意為“……也是如此”。Hecanplaythepiano;socanI.他會(huì)彈鋼琴,我也會(huì)。4)“ne