Unit3Fitforlife

Grammar&Usage詳解課件

新譯林2020版

選必二Presentperfectcontinuous現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示動作從過去的某一時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，動作是否延續(xù)下去視上下文而定。TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.一、用法中國有2000年的造紙歷史。動作還將繼續(xù)下去這些天來他一直在給我們的雜志寫文章。TomhasbeenphoningAliceeverynightforseveralmonths.幾個月來，湯姆每天晚上都給艾麗斯打電話。2.表示從過去到現(xiàn)在時的一段時間被反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。Allthesedayshehasbeenwritingarticlestoourmagazine.allthesedays表示的是一段時間反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動作。強(qiáng)調(diào)Tom最近幾個月反復(fù)給Alice打電話。Hewastired,hehasbeenworkingallday.他累了，他整天都在工作。表示工作的持續(xù)狀態(tài)。Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?Myfatherhasbeenwritinglettersallmorning.Ihavebeentryingalldaytocontactyou.Theboyhasbeenlyinginbedforthreeweeks.Wehavebeendiscussingtheproblemsincelastweek.She’s

beenworkinginabanksincesheleftschool.1.

表示過去開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在繼續(xù)，常與allthistime，thisweek/month，allmorning/afternoon/day，recently等狀語以及由for和since所構(gòu)成的短語或狀語從句連用。2.

表示過去開始的動作剛結(jié)束并在某種情況下與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)聯(lián)。John’sclothesarecoveredwithpaint.Hehasbeenpaintingtheroom.Thebabyhasbeencryingforalongtime,butthefatherhasgonetosleepnow.Ihavebeenknocking.Idon’tthinkanybodyisin.IhavefoundthebookthatIhavebeenlookingfor.ShehasbeenburningthemidnightoiltoprepareforGRE.WehavebeengoingtoSeattleforhalfayear.I'vebeenworkingwithherfor20years.例：S（主語）+have/hasbeendoing二、結(jié)構(gòu)①在不用時間狀語的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示動作仍在持續(xù)進(jìn)行，而現(xiàn)在完成時則表示動作在過去已結(jié)束。

我們一直在打掃教室。我們把教室打掃過了。

Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.Wehavebeencleaningtheclassroom.三、現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別1.

現(xiàn)在完成時通常表示動作已完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時卻不一定如此。Ihavelookedforasuitableschoolallaroundthecity.

（已經(jīng)不找了）Ihavebeenlookingforasuitableschoolallaroundthecity.

（一直在找）2.

現(xiàn)在完成時通常表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，一般用howmanytimes詢問動作完成的次數(shù)；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時通常表示持續(xù)不間斷的動作，一般用howlong詢問動作持續(xù)的時間。Howmanytimeshaveyouvisitedthemuseum?（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的重復(fù)性）Howlonghaveyoubeenworkinginthecompany?

（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性）③有些表示狀態(tài)、感情、感覺的動詞如：have,exist,like,hear,know,sound等，不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。

Theyhaveknowneachothersince1970.他們自從1970年就相識了。JohnhaslovedMarysincetenyearsago.約翰愛了瑪莉整整十年。IhavenotspokenEnglishfortwoyears.Hehasneverseenamanlikehim.④在否定句中一般用現(xiàn)在完成時而不用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。IhavenotbeenspeakingEnglishfortwoyears.Hehasneverbeenseeingamanlikehim.3.

許多靜態(tài)動詞只能用于現(xiàn)在完成時而不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。4.already，ever，never，yet等副詞不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。He’salovelydog

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howlonghaveyouhadhim?Theboyhasadmittedhismistake.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.1.I_________________(reflect)onthearticleIreadaboutancientmedicineallday.2.I________________(wait)fortwohourstoseethedoctorbutitisstillnotmyturnyet.3.Mymother________________(write)areportonthenewtreatmentallmorning.4.Thecompany_______________(make)herbalmedicinesformorethan100years.5.Scientists______________(do)researchonthediseasesinceitwasfirstdiscoveredintheearly20thcentury.havebeenreflectinghavebeenwaitinghasbeenwritinghasbeenmakinghavebeendoing

ApplyingtherulesLet’sreadapersonalaccountgivenbyagirlwhoisequippedwitharobotichand.beequippedwithwithdrawintooneselfleadanormallifeholdontomoreamazinglybecapableofdoingsth.begratefulfor...openupnewpossibilitiesUsefulExpressionsonP34裝備有，配備有離群索居過正常的生活抓住不放；握住；控制更加令人驚異的是有能力做某事因而感激開啟新的可能性AfterIlostmyrighthandinacaraccidenttwoyearsago,Ibegantowithdrawintomyself,believingIwouldneverbeabletoleadanormallifeagain.Iwasequippedwithanartificialhand,butitdidnotfeellikepartofme.Evensimplethingslikegettingdressedwereunbelievablydifficult.Threemonthsago,however,allthatchangedwhenIwasgiventhechancetotestanewrobotichand.兩年前，我在一場車禍中失去了右手，此后我開始封閉自我，認(rèn)為自己再也無法過正常的生活了。我裝了一只假手，但它感覺不像是我的一部分。即使是像穿衣服這樣簡單的事情也難以置信地困難。然而，三個月前，當(dāng)我有機(jī)會測試一只新的機(jī)械手時，一切都改變了。Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,andtheirworkonroboticlimbshasreallychangedmylife.Withmynewhand,I

canmovemyindividualfingersandholdontosmallthingslikepensandpencils.Moreamazingly,myrobotichandiscapableoffeelingvaryingdegreesofpressure,justlikearealhand.Inaddition,itlooksverylifelikewithspecialrubberusedontheoutside.近年來，科學(xué)家們在機(jī)器人技術(shù)方面取得了很大的進(jìn)步，他們在機(jī)械肢體方面的工作確實(shí)改變了我的生活。用我的新手，我可以移動我的手指，握住像鋼筆和鉛筆這樣的小東西。更神奇的是，我的機(jī)械手能夠感受到不同程度的壓力，就像一只真正的手一樣。此外，它的外表使用了特殊的橡膠，看起來非常逼真。OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,anditconstantlysurprisesme.IhaverediscoveredhobbiesIhadenjoyedbeforemyaccident.Forexample,IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.NotonlycanIdomore,butIhavealsobecomemoreconfidentandoutgoing.I’msogratefulforallthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup.在過去的三個月里，我一直在測試我用這只新手所能做的事情的極限，它不斷地給我?guī)眢@喜。我重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了事故前喜歡的愛好。例如，自從我有了新的手，我又開始為我的家人做飯了。我不僅可以做得更多，而且我也變得更加自信和外向。我很感激我的機(jī)械手帶來的所有新可能性。AfterIlostmyrighthandinacaraccidenttwoyearsago,Ibegantowithdrawintomyself,believingIwouldneverbeabletoleadanormallifeagain.Iwasequippedwithanartificialhand,butitdidnotfeellikepartofme.Evensimplethingslikegettingdressedwereunbelievablydifficult.Threemonthsago,however,allthatchangedwhenIwasgiventhechancetotestanewrobotichand.Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,andtheirworkonroboticlimbshasreallychangedmylife.Withmynewhand,Icanmovemyindividualfingersandholdontosmallthingslikepensandpencils.Moreamazingly,myrobotichandiscapableoffeelingvaryingdegreesofpressure,justlikearealhand.Inaddition,itlooksverylifelikewithspecialrubberusedontheoutside.OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,anditconstantlysurprisesme.IhaverediscoveredhobbiesIhadenjoyedbeforemyaccident.Forexample,IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.NotonlycanIdomore,butIhavealsobecomemoreconfidentandoutgoing.I’msogratefulforallthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup.BeforehavingthenewrobotichandWiththenewrobotichandAfterhavingthenewrobotichand

Fillinthefollowingtableaccordingtothepersonalaccount.Beforehavingthenew

robotichandThegirlbeganto_____________________afterlosingherrighthandina

caraccidenttwoyearsago.Theoldartificialhandcouldnothelpherbecause_____________________________________________________.WiththenewrobotichandThegirlcan__________________________andholdontosmallthings.Thenewrobotichandiscapableof

_________________________________.Thenewrobotichandlooksverylifelikewith_________________________________.Afterhavingthenew

robotichandThegirlhasrediscoveredoldhobbies.Thegirlhasbecomemore_____________________.withdrawintoherselfshecouldn’tdosimplethingslikegettingdresssedmoveherindividualfingersfeelingvaryingdegreesofpressurespecialrubberusedontheoutsideconfidentandoutgoingFindthesentencesusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.1.Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,

...2.OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,...3....,IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.A Exploringtherules?Weusethepresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandisstillcontinuingnow,oranactionthathasjustfinishedbutisstillconnectedwith(1)_______________(thepast/thepresent/thefuture)insomeway.?Theverbformofthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseis

“(2)______________________

”.thepresenthas/havebeendoingWorkingouttherulesFillintheblankswithproperandcorrectformsoftheverbs.1.Sincelastmonth,George,alongwithsomeofhisformerclassmates,_________________(desire)tohavea20-yeargatheringduringthissummerholiday.2.Thenumberofvisitors_______________(rise)steadilysincethereopening,despiteasharpdeclinecomparedtonormalyears.3.Arecentstudyhasfoundthatthenumberofsmokers__________________(increase)sharplyoverthepastfiveyears.4.We________________(try)tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautifulsincethetimehumankindstartedgardening.hasbeendesiringhasbeenrisinghasbeenincreasinghavebeentryingPractice5.TodayI_________________________(photograph)acrocodileswimmingclosetoourboat,theKimberleyQuest,allday.6.Mr.Smith________________________(overwork)thesedays.Ithinkheshouldtakeaholidaybeforeheburnsout.7.Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEtelescope___________________(circle)theEarth,heldbygravityinapolarorbit(thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap(一圈).8.Excuseme,Madam.Ellen,ajournalistfromtheDailyMail_______________(phone)allday.Couldyouspeaktohimnow?havebeenphotographinghasbeenoverworkinghasbeencirclinghasbeenphoningFillintheblankswithproperandcorrectformsoftheverbs.ApplyingtherulesB1Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.Applyingtherules1.I__________________(reflect)onthearticleIreadaboutancientmedicineallday.2.I_________________(wait)fortwohourstoseethedoctorbutitisstillnotmyturnyet.3.Mymother________________(write)areportonthenewtreatmentallmorning.4.Thecompany________________(make)herbalmedicinesformorethan100years.5.Scientists________________(do)researchonthediseasesinceitwasfirstdiscoveredintheearly20thcentury.havebeenreflectinghavebeenwaitinghasbeenwritinghasbeenmakinghavebeendoingApplyingtherulesB2Belowisanarticleaboutroboticlimbs.Circlethecorrectexpressionstocompleteit.

ApplyingtherulesIt(1)

isbeingestimated/hasbeenestimatedthatover30millionpeopleworldwidehavelostarmsorlegs,andmanyofthemfailtogetthehelpthattheyneed.Forsometime,they(2)arehopingfor/havebeenhopingforbetter-qualityartificial

limbs.Fortunately,oneexcitingnewadvancecouldhelpthesephysicallydisabledpeopleleadanormallifeagain:roboticlimbs.Overthelastfewyears,scientists(3)havebeendeveloping/willbedevelopingnewkindsofartificiallimbstohelppeopleovercometheirdisabilities.Boboticlimbscandomuchmorethanconventionalartificiallimbs.Someoftheearliestartificiallimbsweremadeofwoodandleather,anduntilrecently,artificiallimbs(4)haveonlyserved/haveonlybeenservingbasicfunctions.Withtheadvancementinrobotictechnology,articficiallimbscannowperformmuchmorecomplextasksandcomeclosertorealhumanlimbs.Notonlycantheymakeamuchwiderrangeofmovements,buttheycanalsobecontrolleddirectlybythebrainandfeedsensoryinformationbackintoit.ApplyingtherulesDavidJonesisoneofateamofscientistsdevotedtomakingevenbetterroboticlimbs.“We(5)havedone/havebeendoingeverythingwecantoadvancethistechnologyandwewillnottakeoutapatentonit,”saidDavid.“Hopefully,moreandmorepeopleinneedofroboticlimbswillbeequippedwiththemandenjoyahigherqualityoflife.”Page70Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbs.1.havebeenreading2.havebeenthinking/amthinking3.islearning4.havewritten5.hasbeentaking6.havebeenworking7.hasbeenraining8.Have;beenwaitingCHomeworkChecking選用括號內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容完成下面短文。SincetheoutbreakoftheCOVID-19,almosteveryone1.

_____________________(hadexperienced,hasbeenexperiencing)uncertaintyandunforeseenchallenges,includingthosewhowrite,publishandsellliteratureacrossth