上海高考英語閱讀理解C篇考點分析及難點突破·模塊一細節(jié)題·模塊二主旨題·模塊三推斷題·模塊四詞義猜測題·模塊五2020-2022年春季高考真題特訓·模塊六2024屆上海名校模考題特訓考題類型總結根據(jù)命題要求閱讀理解考題可分為4類：細節(jié)題；主旨題；推斷題；詞義猜測題；模塊一模塊一細節(jié)題知識點一（細節(jié)題）細節(jié)題解題技巧細節(jié)題的解題要點是一定要對應到語篇中相應的語句，找到問題的出處。“找到即做到”是細節(jié)題的解題秘鑰。細節(jié)題干擾項的設置一般有：1.范圍過大、過小。2.偷換概念。3.正誤并存，某個分句是正確的。細節(jié)題解題方法:原文定位法。查讀法：帶著問題尋找答案，把注意力集中在與who,what,when,where問題有關的細節(jié)上。仔細關注到原文每一個細節(jié)，尤其注意不要遺漏題干和文章中任何帶有限定和修飾性的詞，短語或是句子在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實和特定細節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：1）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?【例題精講】例1.(2018秋考)Youcanalsographtheotherextreme--allcrimenovelsandnomovies.Sincecrimenovelsintheexamplecost$15andyouhave$150available,ifyouspendalltheavailablemoneycrimenovels,youcanbuy10.Soyouputadotonthehorizontalaxisatthenumber10.65.Assumethateachmoviecost$10andeachcrimenovelcosts$15,youhave$150.WhichisRIGHTaccordingtothispassage?A.Themaximumnumberofmoviesyoucanseeis10.B.Themaximumnumberofcrimenovelsyoucanbyis15.C.Youcanbuy7crimenovelsandsee5movies.D.Youcanbuy7crimenovelsandsee4movies.【答案】B【解析】考查文章的理解以及邏輯思維能力。由文中對BudgetLine的公式解釋以及舉的例子可知：150美金能只看15部電影，只買10本小說，或者買7本小說，看4場電影。所有的消費活動需要控制在150美金之內。【課堂練習】2023年上海市青浦區(qū)高三二模Butuncertaintyputherinachallengingsituation.Nicolesufferedfromaninjury.Thesuddenmedicalretirementcalledoffherjourneyasapoliceofficer,butherdreamsandpassiondidnotletherstop.So,shebecameadeathdoula,allowinghertobethereforpeoplewheneverneededandprovidecomforttothedyingandtheirfamiliesduringdifficulttimes.Shechosethisfieldafterhergrandfather’sdeath.Shecouldn’tbearthepainoflosinghim;therefore,shedecidedtobecomeadeathdoulaandcontributeherservicestohelpthosesufferingfromthepainoflosingtheirlovedones.NicoleThorneshaswrittenherbook,

Daddy’sHome,coveringtrueeventsoflosingsomeoneandinspiringreaderstocopewiththefeelingsofemptinessandrecoverfrommentalillnessafterlosingsomeoneclose.

Daddy’sHome

inspiresreadersandtellsthemtheimportanceofanewbeginning,helpingpeoplelightentheburdenfromtheirchestafterthegriefoflosingsomeone.36.WhatcanbelearnedaboutNicoleThornes?A.NicoleThornesdreamedofbecomingapoliceofficersinceshewasborn.B.NicoleThornespursuedaCriminalJusticedegree,butshegaveuphalfway.C.NicoleThornestookupawritingcareerimmediatelyaftergettingphysicallyhurt.D.NicoleThorneswroteabook,impressingonreadersthesignificanceofanewstart.37.What’sthedirectcauseofNicoleThornes’decisiontobecomeadeathdoula?A.Theunbearablepainbroughtbyhergrandfather’sdeath.B.Herbreakfromacademicstudiestotakecareofherkids.C.Hersuddenmedicalretirementduetoherincurableinjury.D.Herdeterminationtofinishwritingherbook,Daddy’sHome.【答案】36.D37.A【36題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Daddy’sHomeinspiresreadersandtellsthemtheimportanceofanewbeginning,helpingpeoplelightentheburdenfromtheirchestafterthegriefoflosingsomeone.”（《爸爸的家》啟發(fā)了讀者，告訴了他們一個新開始的重要性，幫助人們減輕失去親人的悲痛后胸中的負擔。）可知，妮可寫了一本書，給讀者留下了新開始重要性的印象。故選D項。【37題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Shechosethisfieldafterhergrandfather’sdeath.Shecouldn’tbearthepainoflosinghim;therefore,shedecidedtobecomeadeathdoulaandcontributeherservicestohelpthosesufferingfromthepainoflosingtheirlovedones.”（她在祖父去世后選擇了這個領域。她無法忍受失去他的痛苦；因此，她決定成為一名死亡陪護，并貢獻自己的服務來幫助那些因失去親人而遭受痛苦的人。）妮可決定成為一名死亡陪護的主要原因是她祖父的死給她帶來了難以忍受的痛苦。故選A項。模塊模塊二主旨題知識點二（主旨題）【知識梳理】2、主旨題解題技巧：（1）做這類題時常用略讀法。快速閱讀文章找出各個段落的主題句。把各個段落的主題句聯(lián)系起來。（2）著眼于全文結構安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的標題是中心思想最精煉的表達形式，選擇的標題意義范圍要能涵蓋全文，不能太大也不能太小。命題者在出這類題時，常常利用生活常識編造干擾項，把文中的細節(jié)當主旨，利用局部信息編造干擾項，編制超出文章范圍的標題或不能涵蓋文章中心意義的標題來考查考生的理解程度，考生要特別留意。干擾項特點：（1）以偏概全：干擾項只闡述了文章的一部分內容，也就是文章的局部信息。（2）斷章取義：干擾項常常以文章中的個別信息或個別字眼作為選項的設置內容，或者以次要的事實或細節(jié)冒充全文的主要觀點。（3）主題擴大：干擾項所歸納、概括的范圍過大，超過文章實際所討論的內容。（4）張冠李戴：命題者有意地把屬于A的特征放在B的身上，構成一個干擾項。考生不注意的情況下，會造成錯選答案。（5）無中生有或似是而非：有的干擾項中的關鍵詞語好像在文章中談到了，但認真分析之后你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這類干擾項的內容與文章的內容毫無聯(lián)系。主旨題常見的命題形式：①Themainideaofthistextmaybe…….②Thispassageismainlyabout…….③Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext…….④Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?⑤What’sthetopicofthetext?⑥Thepassagegivesusis…...【例題精講】例1.(2018秋考)UnderstandtheEconomicConceptofaBudgetLineTheterm“budgetline”hasseveralrelatedmeanings,includingacouplethatareself-evidentandathirdthatisnot.TheBudgetLineasanInformalConsumerUnderstandingThebudgetlineisanelementaryconceptthatmostconsumersunderstandintuitivelywithoutaneedforgraphsandequations—it'sthehouseholdbudget,forexample.64.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Totellusanyconceptcanbeexpressedasamathematicalequation.B.TohelpusfigureoutthemeaningBudgetLine.C.Totellusweshouldbudgetbeforewebuygoods.D.TogiveaninstructionofdrawingabudgetLine.【答案】B【解析】考查全文概括的能力。由第一個標題‘UnderstandtheEconomicConceptofaBudgetLine’以及‘Theterm"budgetline"hasseveralrelatedmeanings’可以整篇文章就是圍繞BudgetLine是什么展開的。故選B。【課堂練習】2023年上海市浦東新區(qū)高三二模Painforcedmetoslowdown,becausecapturingasingleiPhonephotowaspainful.And,yet,thestruggletofindanythingtofeelgratefulabout,andthentorecordit,startedtodramaticallyimprovebothmymoodandmyimages.Ibegantophotographthemostboringdetailsofmydays,frommybreakfastcuptoaredpepperreflectedinthewindow.Despiteeverything,IfoundIcouldfindmagicintheordinary.“Lifeseemsrepetitiveandboringwhenyoudon’tnoticetheuniquenessofeachmomentandtheconstantsubtlechangesthataregoingonallaroundyou,”writeAndyKarrinawonderfulbookonphotography.Iagree,butdon’tjusttakemywordforit—experienceitforyourself.39.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ExpressGratitudetoWinterB.BecomeaMasterofPhotographyC.WitnessRebirthoutofInjuryD.PicturethisbeautyintheOrdinary【39題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)尾段中““Lifeseemsrepetitiveandboringwhenyoudon’tnoticetheuniquenessofeachmomentandtheconstantsubtlechangesthataregoingonallaroundyou,”writeAndyKarrinawonderfulbookonphotography.Iagree,butdon’tjusttakemywordforit—experienceitforyourself.(安迪·卡爾在一本關于攝影的好書中寫道：“當你沒有注意到每一個時刻的獨特性和周圍不斷發(fā)生的微妙變化時，生活就會變得重復而無聊。”我同意，但不要只相信我的話——自己去體驗。)”并結合講述的作者自己的經(jīng)歷可知，不能發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中每個時刻的獨特性和生活中發(fā)生的微妙變化時，生活就會變得單調而無聊，所以，應該在生活中多注意這些平凡的瑣事以及周圍發(fā)生的微妙變就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，平凡生活中的美好，D項“想象一下平凡中的美”適合做文章標題。故選D項。模塊模塊三推斷題知識點三（推斷題）【知識梳理】此類題目有一定難度，往往不能直接從文中找到答案，而必須根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關系或對整篇文章進行深層理解后，才能找到答案。有時甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的態(tài)度、觀點、意圖、語氣等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，這些題目一般都是深層意義的題目，他們沒有明示，大多數(shù)屬于模糊性的，甚至是模棱兩可。解答這類題時應特別注意以下特征：①吃透文章的表層意思，是推理的前提和基礎；②推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文；③不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點；④在提問中常用的詞有suggest,mean,infer(推斷),fromthefact,indicate(暗示)conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，accordingto"等。I.常見的推理判斷題的設問方式：推測作者寫作目的或意圖的設題形式有：1)Thepurposeinwritingthistextisto__________.2)Theauthorwritesthispassageto__________.3)Theauthorinthispassageintendsto__________.推測文章的觀點或結論的設題形式有：1)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat__________.

2)Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?3)Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat__________.推斷文章出處的設題形式有：1)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom_________.2)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?3)Thepassageismostlikelyapartof_________.是非判斷題的設題方式：1)whichofthefollowingis（not）trueorfalse?2)Allofthefollowingstatementsarewrongexcept_____.3)Allofthefollowingstatementsareright/trueexcept_____.4)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage/text?II.推理判斷題的推理原則在文中有依據(jù)，但不能是原句，即為言外之意！細節(jié)類表述非答案。【例題精講】例1.（2018年6月高考）UnderstandtheEconomicConceptofaBudgetLineTheterm“budgetline”hasseveralrelatedmeanings,includingacouplethatareself-evidentandathirdthatisnot.TheBudgetLineasanInformalConsumerUnderstandingThebudgetlineisanelementaryconceptthatmostconsumersunderstandintuitivelywithoutaneedforgraphsandequations—it'sthehouseholdbudget,forexample.LinesinaBudgetBeforeturningtotheeconomicsdefinitionof“budgetline”,consideranotherconcept:theline-itembudget.Thisiseffectivelyamapoffutureexpenditures,withalltheconstituentexpendituresindividuallynotedandquantified.There’snothingverycomplicatedaboutthis;inthisusage,abudgetlineisoneofthelinesinthebudget,withtheserviceorgoodtobepurchasednamedandthecostquantified.TheBudgetLineasanEconomicsConceptOneoftheinterestingwaysthestudyofeconomicsrelatestohumanbehaviorgenerallyisthatalotofeconomictheoryistheformalizationofthekindofsimpleconceptoutlinedabove--aconsumer'sinformalunderstandingoftheamountshehastospendandwhatthatamountwillbuy.ASimpleBudgetLineGraphTounderstandthis,thinkofagraphwheretheverticallinesquantifyhowmanymovieticketsyoucanbuyandwherethehorizontallinesdothesameforcrimenovels.Youlikegoingtothemoviesandreadingcrimenovelsandyouhave$150tospend.Intheexamplebelow,assumethateachmoviecosts$10andeachcrimenovelcosts$15.Themoreformaleconomicstermforthesetwoitemsisbudgetset.66.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Arewereallyknowtheeconomicconceptofabudgetline?B.TheBudgetLineasanEconomicsConceptC.TheBudgetLineasanInformalConsumerUnderstandingD.TheComplexConcept—BudgetLine【答案】A【解析】考查全文概括能力。由第一個標題UnderstandtheEconomicConceptofaBudgetLine以及后續(xù)對BudgetLine的解釋可知選項A最合適，其他選項以偏概全。【課堂練習】2023年上海市奉賢區(qū)高三二模EducationwasadaptingtothedigitalworldlongbeforeCovid-19but,aswithsomanyotherhumanactivities,thepandemichasgivenlearningahugepushtowardsthevirtual.Overnight,schoolsanduniversitiesclosedandteachersandstudentshadtofindwaystodowhattheydoonlyviatheinternet.“Thisisatimeforschoolsandsystemstoreimagineeducationwithoutschoolingorclassrooms,”saysProfessorYongZhao.DrJimWatterstoninAustraliathinksthat,whilethetraditionalclassroomisstillaliveandwell,educationneedstobemoreadventurousandflexible.Earlierthisyear,ZhaoandWatterstonco-authoredapaperinwhichtheyidentifiedsomemajorchangesthatshouldhappenineducationpost-lockdown.44.Bygivingexamplesof“speedlearning”inthefirstparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat_________.A.digitalworldisdramaticallyreformingthewayoflearning.B.speedlearningcompletelyreplacesnormalspeedlearning.C.returningtothelecturetheatreisstrangeafterspeedlearning.D.educationbeginstoadapttodigitalworldafterCovid-19.【44題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“EducationwasadaptingtothedigitalworldlongbeforeCovid-19but,aswithsomanyotherhumanactivities,thepandemichasgivenlearningahugepushtowardsthevirtual.Overnight,schoolsanduniversitiesclosedandteachersandstudentshadtofindwaystodowhattheydoonlyviatheinternet.(早在2019冠狀病毒病之前，教育在適應數(shù)字世界，但與許多其他人類活動一樣，疫情也極大地推動了學習向虛擬發(fā)展。一夜之間，學校和大學都關閉了，老師和學生不得不想辦法通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來做他們只能做的事情)”可知，第一段的例子主要是為了引出主題，也就是數(shù)字世界正在改變學習方式。故選A。Iftheprogressofthetimesisunabletoholdbackthecomingrevolutionineducation,itseemsunlikelythatthetraditionalclassroomisgoingtohaveanyluckinitsattemptstryingtoturnbacktheclock.AsLaurillardputsit,“Ittookaglobalpandemictodrivehomewhatwe’vebeensayingfor20years.”47.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A.Speedlearningharmsstudents’learningefficiency.B.Thecomingrevolutionineducationisirreversible.C.Teacherswillplayalessimportantroleinthefuture.D.Thetraditionalclassroomswilleventuallydisappear.【47題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Iftheprogressofthetimesisunabletoholdbackthecomingrevolutionineducation,itseemsunlikelythatthetraditionalclassroomisgoingtohaveanyluckinitsattemptstryingtoturnbacktheclock.AsLaurillardputsit,“Ittookaglobalpandemictodrivehomewhatwe’vebeensayingfor20years.”(如果時代的進步無法阻擋即將到來的教育改革，那么傳統(tǒng)課堂似乎不太可能在試圖讓時光倒流的嘗試中有任何運氣。正如勞里拉德所言，“我們20年來一直在說的話，只有一場全球大流行才能讓人明白。”)”可知，作者認為教育改革是不可逆轉的。故選B。模塊模塊四詞義猜測題知識點四（詞義猜測）解題技巧：（1）根據(jù)因果關系猜測詞義。英語構詞法中，常見的三種構詞方法為：合成、派生和詞性轉化。在英語中，有很多詞可以在前面加前綴，在后面加后綴，從而構成一個詞，乍看起來，這個詞可能是新詞，但掌握了一定的構詞知識，就不難猜出它的詞義。（2）根據(jù)因果關系猜測詞義。英語的句子和段落中，若兩個事物現(xiàn)象之間構成因果關系，我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關系推測生詞詞義。常見的表示因果關系的連接詞：so,thus,therefore,because,ect.。（3）根據(jù)同義關系猜測詞義。當詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or時，其連接的兩項內容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此確定同等關系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，由此可推知其大致意思。（4）根據(jù)上下文的指代關系猜測詞義。（5）根據(jù)反義猜測詞義。英語中的反義關系即表示轉折、對比關系，上下句的連接詞常用but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號也可以表示轉折、對比或不相干的意義。【例題精講】例1.2023年上海市崇明區(qū)高三二模Deepsleepiscriticalformemoryconsolidation.However,beginninginmiddleage,deepsleepdecreasessubstantially,whichscientistsbelievecontributestomemorylossinaging.Thesoundstimulationsignificantlyenhanceddeepsleepinparticipantsandtheirscoresonamemorytest.“Thisisaninnovative,simpleandsafenon-medicationapproachthatmayhelpimprovebrainhealth,”saidPhyllisZee,professoratNorthwesternUniversityintheUS.“Thisisapotentialtoolforenhancingmemoryinolderpopulationsandattenuatingnormalage-relatedmemorydecline,”saidZee.44.Theword“attenuating”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.A.worsening B.reversing C.slowingdown D.bringingabout【44題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Thisisapotentialtoolforenhancingmemoryinolderpopulationsand”以及后文“normalage-relatedmemorydecline”可知，這是一種潛在的工具，可以增強老年人的記憶，緩解與年齡有關的正常記憶衰退。故畫線詞意思是“緩解”。故選C。【課堂練習】2023年上海市浦東新區(qū)高三二模Anotablehighlightoftheshowwastherealconfidenceofthesinging.SamHallwasajoytowatch,withperfectcomictiming,aswasEmmaWilliams,thoroughlybelievableandconvincinginherrole.Thesetwoyoungtalentsstoletheshow,inmyopinion.Theonlydisadvantageisappointmentswerethedancing,whichshowedalackoforiginality,andtheopeningscene,whichfellalittleflat.Despitetheoccasionaltechnicalflaws,thiswasahighlyenjoyableandgreatlyimpressiveproduction,whichthecompanyshouldbeproudof.40.Theunderlinedphrase“stoletheshow”mostprobablymeans______.A.disappointedtheproducer B.ruinedthewholeperformanceC.attractedthemostattention D.exhibitedexcessiveconfidence【40題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一部分“SamHallwasajoytowatch,withperfectcomictiming,aswasEmmaWilliams,thoroughlybelievableandconvincinginherrole.(山姆·霍爾是一種觀看的樂趣，有著完美的喜劇時機，艾瑪·威廉姆斯也是如此，她在她的角色中完全可信和令人信服)”可知，這兩個年輕人因為其表演吸引了最多的注意，故畫線詞意思是“吸引了最多的注意”。故選C。模塊模塊四2020-2022年春季高考真題特訓2022年1月春考(C)Conservationistsgotowaroverwhetherhumansarethemeasureofnature'svalue.NewConservationistsarguesuchtrade-offsarenecessaryinthishumandominatedepoch.Andtheysupport“re-wilding",aconceptoriginallyproposedbySoulewherepeoplecurtaileconomicgrowthandwithdrawfromlandscapes,whichthenreturntonature.NewConservationistsbelievethewithdrawalcouldhappentogetherwitheconomicgrowthTheCalifornia-basedBreakthroughInstitutebelievesinafuturewheremostpeopleliveincitiesandrelylessonnaturalresourcesforeconomicgrowth.Theywouldgetfoodfromindustrialagriculture.includinggeneticallymodifiedfoods,desalinationintensifiedmeatproductionandaquaculture,allofwhichhaveasmallerlandfootprint.Andtheywouldgettheirenergyfromrenewablesandnaturalgas.Drivingtheseprofoundshiftswouldbegreaterefficiencyofproduction,wheremoreproductscouldbemanufacturedfromfewerinputs.Andsomeunsustainablecommoditieswouldbereplacedinthemarketbyother,greeneronesnaturalgasforcoal,forinstance,explainedMichaelHeisenberg.,presidentoftheBreakthroughInstitute.Naturewould,inessence,bedecoupledfromtheeconomy.Andthenheaddedacaveat:"Wearenotsuggestingdecouplingastheparadigmtosavetheworld,orthatitsolvesalltheproblemsoreliminatesallthetrade-offs.Cynics(悲觀者)maysayallthissoundstooutopian,butBreakthroughmaintainstheworldisalreadyonthispathtowarddecoupling.NowhereisthismoreevidentthanintheUnitedSates,accordingtoIddoWernick,aresearchscholarattheRockefellerUniversity,whohasexaminedthenation’suseof100maincommodities.WemckandhiscolleagueslookedatdatacarefullyfromtheU.S.GeologicalSurveyNationalMineralsInformationCenter,whichkeepsarecordofcommoditiesusedfrom1900throughthepresentday.Theyfoundthattheuseof36commodities(sand,ireore,cottonetc.)intheU.S.Economyhadpeaked.Another53commodities(nitrogen,timber,beef,etc.)arebeingusedmoreefficientlyperdollarvalueofgrossdomesticproductthaninthepre-1970sera.Theirusewouldpeaksoon,Wernicksaid.Only11commodities(industrialdiamond,indium,chicken,etc.)areincreasinginuse(Greenwire,Nov.6),andmostoftheseareemployedbyindustriesinsmallquantitiestoimprovesystemsprocesses.Chickenuseisrisingbecausepeopleareeatinglessbeef,adesirabledevelopmentsincepoultrycultivationhasasmallerenvironmentalfootprint.ThenumbersshowtheUnitedStateshasnotintensifiedresourceconsumptionsincethe1970sevenwhileincreasingitsGDPandpopulation,saidJesseAusubeloftheRockefellerUniversity.“Itseemslikethe20th-centuryexpectationwehad,wewerealwaysassumingthefutureentailedgreaterconsumptionofresources,"Ausubelsaid."Butwhatweareseeinginthedevelopedcountriesis,ofcourse,peaks.”63.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"trade-offs"refertointhefirstparagraph?A.ThebalancebetweenhumandevelopmentandnaturalecologyB.Theprofitabilityofimportandexporttrade.C.TheconsumptionofnaturalresourcesbyindustrialdevelopmentD.Thedifficultplightofeconomiesgrowth.64.Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheviewsofthenewenvironmentalists?A.TheybelievethatmankindshouldliveinforestswithrichvegetationB.Theybelievethatmankindwillneedmorenaturalresourcesinthefuture.C.Theybelievethatmankindisthemasterofthewholeuniverse.D.Theybelievethatmankindshouldlimiteconomicgrowth65.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphofthepassage?A.Naturalresourcescannotsupporteconomicdevelopment.B.Moreresourceconsumptionwillnotoccurinacertainperiodoftime.C.ExcessiveresourceconsumptionwillnotaffecttheecologicalenvironmentD.Allresourceconsumptionindevelopedcountrieshasreachedapeak66.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Urbanizationandre-wildness.B.HumanexistenceandindustrialdevelopmentC.SocioeconomicdevelopmentandresourceconsumptionD.Commoditytradingandrawmaterialdevelopment【答案】63~.66ADBC【解析】63.A[解析]根據(jù)文章第一段第一句提及的Conservationistsgotowaroverwhetherhumansarethemeasureofnaturesvalue和劃線詞所在句子的相關描述，可知，此處的trade-offs所指的就是關于“人類社會發(fā)展與自然生態(tài)之間的平衡”，結合相關選項分析，A項表述符合文意，其余選項文章未明確提及，故選A64.D[解析]根據(jù)文章第二段第二句提及的TheCalifornia-basedBreakthroughInstitutebelievesinafuturewheremostpeopleliveincitiesandrelylessonnaturalresourcesforeconomicgrowth可知，新環(huán)保主義者認為，未來大多數(shù)人都生活城市，經(jīng)濟增長對自然資源的依賴更少，A和B項表述錯誤;C項文章未提及根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句提及的Andtheysupport"re-wilding,”aconceptoriginallyproposedbySoulwherepeoplecurtaileconomicgrowthandwithdrawfromlandscapes,whichthenreturntonature可知，新環(huán)保主義者提出了“重新野生化”這一概念，即人們限制經(jīng)濟增長，遠離風景，然后回歸自然，結合選項分析,D項表述正確，故選D。65.B[解析]根據(jù)文章最后一段以及倒數(shù)第二段提及的ThenumbersshowtheUnitedStateshasnotintensifiedresourceconsumptionsincethe1970sevenwhileincreasingitsGDPandpopulation,saidJesseAusubeloftheRockefellerUniversity等相關表述可知，最后一段想要表述的是，更多的資源消耗在一個階段時間內不會出現(xiàn)，B項表述正確，其余選項表述有誤，故選B。66.C[解析]根據(jù)整篇文章分析，本文主要講述了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與資源消耗相關的問題。文章首段以新環(huán)保主義者的相關觀點引出文章主題，即對“人類是否是自然價值的衡量標準”展開了討論，之后又講述了關于自然資源消耗的相關猜想和實際情況等內容。總之,本文主要圍繞人類社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與資源消耗進行觀點表達,結合選項分析，C項表述正確，其余選項與文意不符，故選C。2021年1月春考(C)Lifewithoutaccesstoenergyissimplymiserable.Accessingenergyisthesinglemostimportantfactorinimprovingthelivesofindividualsandincreasingtheeconomicopportunitiesavailableintheircommunities.Accesstolightingtransformseducationfromoutdoorsduringtheday,toindoorsandanytime!Asimplerefrigeratorcantransformafruitstandtoagrocerystore.Reliableelectricityallowsbusinessestostayopenandultimatelyprovidesthecornerstonethatallowsindustriestoform.Thereisadominantschoolofthoughtthatenergyaccesscanbeachievedaroundtheworldwithonlycarbon-freesources.Thisparadigmenvisionseffectively"leapfrogging"traditionaldevelopmentpatterns,skippingindustrialization,andtransformingeconomieswithgreenenergyandaserviceeconomy.Whilecompellingintheory,thisvisionlacksseveralcriticalfactors;theneedtomanufacturethegoodsthatwillbuildtheeconomy,thescalabilityofenergysources,andtheaffordabilityofthatenergy.Thistransformationiscurrentlyunderwayanditsprogressisinevitable.Theurgencyiscreatedbyindividualscurrent,difficultconditionsandtheavailabilityofabundant,affordableenergy,particularlycoal.Allnewenergydemandwillcomefromthedevelopingworld.Withoutathoughtfulconversationabouttheprojecteddoublingofworldenergydemand,energyconsumptionwillcontinueasitiscurrentlyunderway,intwoparallelpaths,Onepathprioritizescarbon-freesources,andsetsgoalsandpoliciesthatincentivizethose.Theotherpathrespondstothesupplyanddemandinherentinaworldeconomyandisresultinginthemassivedevelopmentofcoal-firedelectricitygeneration.TherealityofenergydevelopmentcanbesummarizedintheexampleofIndia'sprojectedenergydevelopment.By2022,Indiaisplanning100GWofnewsolar?andarelativelytiny50MWofnewcoal.However,asimplecalculationofthelikelyemissionsofthesetwonewsourcesofenergyconductedbyacolleagueatStanfordindicatesthatifallthisnewelectricitygenerationcamefromnaturalgas,theresultwouldbe20percentfeweremissions.Thisisaconversationworthhaving.Althoughnotacarbon-freesource,naturalgashasatrans-formativeroletoplayintheenergizingofdevelopingnations.Abundantlyavailablearoundtheworld,andmoretransportablethanever,aworldnaturalgasmarketiscreatingamorestable,affordablesupply.Asanelectricitygenerationfuel,itisbothabaseloadalternativetocoalandabackupforrenewablegeneration.Inthiscapacity,naturalgasprovidescarbonandnon-carbonairemissionsbenefits.Whenusedasatransportationfuel,naturalgasprovidessignificantairqualitybenefittotraditionalfuelsandcanbeequallyaffordable.Whendeployedasacookingfuel,liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG),providesdramatichealthbenefitsandcouldreducetheunnecessary4millionannualdeathsattributedtocookingoverinefficient,biomassfuels.Asaneconomiccornerstone，naturalgascanempowerindustrialdevelopmentasachemicalfeed-stockfertilizercomponent,directenergysource,andelectricityprovider.63.Whichofthefollowingistheviewofthedominantschool?A.Wemustactivelydevelopmanufacturingindustrytopromoteeconomicdevelopment.B.EnergyaffordabilityshouldbefullyconsideredintheprocessofeconomicdevelopmentC.Developedcountriesdon'thavetoworryaboutenergybecauseofovercapacity.D.Onlycarbon-freesourcescanachieveenergyaccessintheworld.64.Whyisiturgentfordevelopingcountriestohaveaccesstoenergy?A.Becauseofinsufficientavailabilityenergysupply.B.Becauseofrapidpopulationgrowth.C.Becauseofhugeconsumptionofrenewableenergy.D.Becauseofseriousenvironmentalpollution.65.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrongaboutnaturalgas?A.Naturalgasresourcesareabundantallovertheworld.B.Naturalgasisnotonlyasubstituteforcoalbutarenewableenergy.C.Naturalgasisgoodfortheairasatraditionalfuel.D.Naturalgascanbeusedtopromoteindustrialdevelopment.66.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.Traditionalheatingwatertocookricecanbelife-threatening.B.Naturalgasisakindofcarbon-freeenergy.C.Energyconsumptioncanonlycontinueinthesamewayasbefore.D.Reducingenergypovertyisthecommongoalofmankind.【答案】63-66.DACD63題：答案DA選項是“我們要積極發(fā)展制造業(yè)來促進經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。”文中并沒有提到這一點；B選項是“在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展過過程中，能源的可獲得性要充分予以考慮。”原文中是這樣說的，“Whilecompellingintheory,thisvisionlacksseveralcriticalfactors:theneedtomanufacturethegoodsthatwillbuildtheeconomy,thescalabilityofenergysources,andtheaffordabilityofthatenergy”。雖然這一愿景在理論上令人信服，但它缺少幾個關鍵因素：制造將構建經(jīng)濟的商品的需要、能源的可擴展性以及能源的可承受性。很顯然，B選項是錯誤的。C選項文中沒有提及到發(fā)展中國家不需要擔憂能源問題。D選項則為答案。請看原文提及到“Thereisadominantschoolofthoughtthatenergyaccesscanbeachievedaroundtheworldwithonlycarbon-freesources.”有一個占主導地位的學派認為，只有無碳能源才能在世界各地獲得能源。64題：答案A。題干問的是為什么發(fā)展中國家迫切需要獲得能源？原文提到“Theurgencyiscreatedbyindividuals’current,difficultconditionsandtheavailabilityofabundant,affordableenergy,particularlycoal.”這種緊迫性是由個人目前的困難條件以及豐富、廉價的能源（特別是煤炭）的可用性造成的。可知A答案正確。65題：答案C。選項C的意思為“天然氣對空氣有好處”。但原文說到，“Whenusedasatransportationfuel,naturalgasprovidessignificantairqualitybenefittotraditionalfuelsandcanbeequallyaffordable.”當用作運輸燃料時，天然氣比傳統(tǒng)燃料提供了顯著的空氣質量優(yōu)勢，而且價格也同樣合理。其他ABC與原文意思相符合。故選答案C。66題：答案D。請看文中有這樣的句子，“Withoveronebillionpeoplearoundtheworldfacedwithsuchsimplebarrierstoimprovingtheirlives,reducingenergypovertycanserveasasharedgoalthattranscendspolitical,cultural,andregionalbarriers.”全世界有10億多人面臨改善生活的簡單障礙，因此減少能源貧困可以成為超越政治、文化和地區(qū)障礙的共同目標。可知D選項正確。2020年1月春考(C)Ourgreenspacesareshrinking,despiteallthebenefitstheygiveus.Ifwewanttosavethem,weneedtovaluetheecosystemandhealthandwellbeingservicestheyofferParksareahugeasset,andweneedtovaluethemforthe21stcenturyAlisonBenjaminSheffieldcitycouncil’sbalancesheetshowsitsparksasa?￡16mliability.Traditionalaccountancymethodsfocusonapark’ssaleablevalue,oritsoperationalcostsassociatedwithmaintenance.SoEngland’s27,000parksareconsideredasfinancialliabilitiesratherthantheamazingassettoourhealthandwellbeingthatanyoftheir37millionregularuserscouldvouchfor.Theyalsodeliverarangeofecosystemservicessuchasimprovedairandwaterquality,floodriskmitigationbyabsorbingwaterrun-off,andcoolingtheurbanenvironmentaswellasprovidingmuch-neededhabitatforwildlife.Byusinga“naturalcapital”accountingapproachthatputsavalueonallthesesocial,environmentalandeconomiccontr