2022年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）

英語

本試卷共11頁，共100分。考試時長90分鐘。

考生務必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。

考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在

答題卡上將該項涂黑。

OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying"freeplay"，Isteppedtothedoorwayofthe

classroomtotakeabreak.Suddenly,I[amovementoftheheavywoodendoor.ThiswastheverydoorI

2guidedthechildrenthroughtoensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.Ifeltachill（寒意）gothrough

mybody.

Mylegscarriedmetothatdoor,andIpusheditopen.ItwasoneofmykindergartenerswhoIthoughtwas

3thatday.Hehadbeendroppedoffatschoollateandwas4toopenthedoor.

Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!Withoutaword,Irushedhimtothehospital.Hewas

treatedforfrostbiteonhishands.He'dneedtimeto5,andwouldn'tcomeforclassthenextday,I

thought.

Thenextmorning,oneofthefirstto6wasmylittlefrostbittenboy.Notonlydidheruninwith

energy,buthis7couldbeheardasloudasever!Igavehimawarmhugandtoldhimhow8I

wastoseehim.Hiswordshavestayedwithmealltheseyears,“Iknewyouwouldopenthedoor.”

ThatcoldMondaymorning,hewaitedalong,longwhileforadultsto9.Toachild,everyminute

feelslikeforever.Hedidn'tattempttowalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.Thisfive-year-oldtaughtmea

powerfullessonin_10

1.A.causedB.spottedC.checkedD.imagined

2.A.hesitantlyB.randomlyC.dizzilyD.carefully

3.A.angryB.absentC.specialD.noisy

4.A.courageousB.contentC.unableD.unwilling

5.A.recoverB.playC.changeD.wait

6.A.settleB.gatherC.arriveD.react

7.A.sneezeB.weepC.complaintD.laughter

8.A.luckyB.happyC.curiousD.nervous

9.A.showupB.pullupC.holdupD.lineup

10.A.gratitudeB.forgivenessC.faithD.kindness

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate11theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.Focused

onbalancingthebags,shedidn'tnoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.AsHelenwalkedon,sheheardaman

chargingtowardsher.Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention12(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.

Eventually,theman13(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasingly14(support)byexperts,

suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.Ifseasytoexplainhowwedetermine15smellsare

dangerousornot:welearn.Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionofgasleaks.Gasnaturally

16(have)norecognisablesmell.However,astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhen

wedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Sincepeoplecan'talwayseatoutorcookfor17(they),theygettakeoutororderdelivery.More

takeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,bottles,andbags,

mostof18areonlygoodforoneuse.That'sabigproblemanditisgettingeven19(bad).The

useofthoseplastics20(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldwon'tsurviveifthissituation

continues.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該

項涂黑。

Peer（同伴）AssistedStudySessions（PASS）isapeer-facilitatedlearningprogrammeavailabletostudents

enrolled（注冊）inmostcoreunitsofstudyinourbusinessschool.

PASSinvolvesweeklysessionswhereyouworkingroupstotacklespeciallypreparedproblemsets,based

aroundaunitofstudyyou'reenrolledin.

PASSdoesn'tre-teachordelivernewcontent.It5sanopportunitytodeepenyourunderstandingofthekey

pointsfromlecturematerialswhileyouareapplyingyourskillstosolveproblems.

Youworkinteractivelywithyourpeers.Asapeergroup,youdecidewhatiscoveredineachsession.That

way,PASSdirectlyrespondstoyourneedsandfeedback.

RegistrationinTerm2willopenat9am,21September2022.

Waitinglists

Ifasessionisfull,youcanregisterforthewaitinglist.Wewillemailyouifaplacebecomesavailableorifa

newsessionistobeheld.

Whenyouareplacedonawaitinglist,wewillemailyouanumberwhichtellsyouwhereyouareonthelist.

Ifyouareclosetothefrontofthelist,youhaveagoodchanceofgainingaplaceintheprogrammeinthenear

future.

Deregistering

IfyoumisstwoPASSsessionsinarow,youwillbederegisteredandyourplacewillbegiventosomeoneon

thewaitinglist.Makesureyoufillintheattendancesheetateachsessiontorecordyourattendance.

You'Hbeinformedbyemailifyouarebeingderegisteredasaresultofmissingsessions.Ifyoubelieveyou

havereceivedtheemailinerror,emailthePASSofficeatpassoffice@umbs.edu..

21.InPASS,students.

A.attendnewlecturesB.decidetheirownschedules

C.prepareproblemsetsingroupsD.usetheirskillstosolveproblems

22Whatcanstudentsdoifasessionisfull?

A.Fillintheattendancesheet.B.Signupforthewaitinglist.

C.Reporttheirneedsandfeedback.D.Emailtheofficetheirnumbersonthelist.

23.Studentswillbederegisteredif.

A.theysendemailsinerrorB.theyfailtoworkinteractively

C.theygivetheirplacestoothersD.theymisstwosessionsinarow

B

MynameisAlice.Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled（肖lj弱）myabilitytodo

anything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon,constantlystaringatthiswallthat

facedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,which

obviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.

Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.His

presentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceinthe

world.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmetoslowlybuildupmy

couragetospeakone-on-onewithhim——anideathathadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwas

wheremystorybegan.

Amonthlater,BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Lookingback,Inowseethat

thiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewand

moreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouth

forNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommitto

completingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotect

nature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.

IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandI'verealisedthatmybiggestobstacle（障礙）

thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingmethatonephrasethathasstoppedso

manypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:IcantTheysaygoodthingscometothosewhowait;Isay:grabevery

opportunitywitheverythingyouhaveandbeimpatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butour

action.

24.WhatwasthemaincausefbrAlice'sanxiety?

A.Herinabilitytoactherage.B.Herhabitofconsumption.

C.Herdesiretobeperfect.D.Herlackofinspiration.

25.HowdidGrantBrown'spresentationinfluenceAlice?

A.Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature.B.Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.

C.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.D.Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.

26.TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore.

A.intelligentB.confidentC.innovativeD.critical

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Patienceisacureofanxiety.

C.Actionisworry'sworstenemy.D.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.

C

“Whatwouldtheworldbeifthe】ewerenohunger?"It'saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskher

students.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn'tpartofreallife一

andlearninghowtomakeitreal-isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftento

scientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult-anapproachknown

assystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.

Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutritionbecauseitrequires

consideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredandconsumed,andlookingathowthose

thingsintersect（交叉）withhumanhealth,theenvironment,economicsandsociety.Accordingtosystems

thinking,changingthefoodsystem-oranyothernetwork-requiresthreethingstohappen.First,researchersneed

toidentifyalltheplayersinthatsystem;second,theymustworkouthowtheyrelatetoeachother;andthird,they

needtounderstandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseoutsidethesystem.

Takenutrition.InthelatestUNreportonglobalfoodsecurity,thenumberofundernourished（營養(yǎng)不

良）peopleintheworldhasbeenrising,despitegreatadvancesinnutritionscience.Trackingof150biochemicals

infoodhasbeenimportantinrevealingtherelationshipsbetweencalories,sugar,fatandtheoccurrenceofcommon

diseases.Butusingmachinelearningandartificialintelligence,somescientistsproposethathumandietsconsistof

atleast26,000biochemicals—andthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.Thisshowsthatwehavesomewaytotravel

beforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinking-which,inthisexample,istoidentifymoreconstituent

partsofthenutritionsystem.

Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthesystemhasequal

power.Butassomeresearchersfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalone.Agoodwaytoredress（修正）such

powerimbalanceisformoreuniversitiestodowhatCrystaldidandteachstudentshowtothinkusingasystems

approach.

Moreresearchers,policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearntolookbeyondtheir

directlinesofresponsibilityandadoptasystemsapproach.Crystalknewthatvisionsalonedon'tproduceresults,

butconcludedthat"we'llneverproduceresultsthatwecan'tenvision^^.

28.TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph1to.

A.illustrateanargumentB.highlightanopinion

C.introducethetopicD.predicttheending

29.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefieldofnutrition?

A.Thefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkinghasn'tbeenachieved.

BTherelationshipsamongplayershavebeenclarified.

C.Machinelearningcansolvethenutritionproblem.

D.Theimpactofnutritioncannotbequantified.

30.Asforsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A.Itmaybeusedtojustifypowerimbalance.

BItcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.

C.Ithelpstoprovewhyhungerexists.

D.Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.

D

Quantum（量子）computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhow

quantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.Tvealsohadexchanges

withtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelps

keepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.

Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanies

haveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantum

machinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection."Thisis

thesortofhype（炒作）thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan'tkeep.

“What'snew,“Johnsonwrote,t6isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputing

researchers.^^

Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,the

publicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork'spotential.Ifresearcherscan'tkeeptheirpromises,

excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshave

gonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,

Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“'quantum'standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn'tbeabletounderstand.^^

AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.

AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.Healsoansweredmyquestionsabout

PyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson'sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthose

concernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.

Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin（幅度）"tobuildinga“usefUl”

quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.^^

Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhat

wearedoingwithothers.^^

CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin",asTaylorclaims?Idon'tknow.

I'mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,just

asItrustJohnson.

31.RegardingJohnson'sconcerns,theauthorfeels.

AsympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited

32.WhatleadstoTaylor'soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?

A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.

C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone“inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?

B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?

C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?

D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項

涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignore

ourhealth.35Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.

36Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybe

attractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynot

haveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.37Thisdoesnot

definitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Ilmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimatic

conditionswelivein.

Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.38Forinstance,wemust

exercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercisesfordifferentage

groupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.

Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.It

helpsinimprovingourimmune（免疫）systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.39This,inturn,givesus

newgoalsofhealthandfitness.

A.Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.

B.Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.

C.Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.

D.Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.

E.Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.

F.Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.

G.Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.

第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。

Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur（倉U業(yè)者）,witnessedathisownschoolthewidespread

consumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedto

innovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused（浸泡）water.

Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.Fromobserving

hismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,